Neurology
The Neurology collection includes images and videos of various neurology exams, including reflexes, sensory exams, motor, and more.
To find out more information about the Health Education Media Library project, including details on how to get involved, visit: https://uwo.ca/fhs//education/oer/index.html
The Neurology Collection is curated by Courtney Casserly, MD, FRCPC Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences; Assistant professor, Schulich School of Medicine.
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ankle jerk reflex
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
striking ankle jerk sciatic/tibial S1>S2 using a tromner reflex hammer with patient sitting
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ankle jerk reflex supine
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Eliciting the ankle jerk deep tendon reflex in the leg while in bed, gently and passively dorsiflexing foot, S1>S2, tibial (sciatic) nerve with tromner reflex hammer
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Biceps reflex
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Striking biceps tendon C5, C6 musculocuteanous nerve with a Tromner reflex hammer
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brachioradialis refelx-hitting arm directly
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Striking brachioradialis C6, C6, radial nerve with tromner reflex hammer - directly onto the tendon with no intervening fingers (used if having difficulty obtaining the reflex, slightly more uncomfortable for patient)
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brachioradialis refex (view from above)
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
striking brachioradialis C6, C6, radial nerve with tromner reflex hammer
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brachioradialis reflex
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Striking brachioradialis C6, C6, radial nerve with tromner reflex hammer
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Checking blood pressure
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Checking blood pressure
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Checking blood pressure
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Checking blood pressure
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Coordination: finger to nose testing
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Coordination: finger to nose testing
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Coordination: finger to nose testing
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Coordination: finger to nose testing
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Coordination: finger to nose testing
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Coordination: finger to nose testing
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Coordination: heel to shin
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Coordination: heel to shin
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Coordination: heel to shin
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Coordination: heel to shin
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Coordination: rapid alternating movements
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Coordination: rapid alternating movements
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Coordination: rapid alternating movements
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Coordination: rapid alternating movements
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Cross cover testing when examining a patient for diplopia-head down/eyes up
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Cross cover testing when examining a patient for diplopia using examiner's hand as an occluder. Patient's head in flexed/tucked position (looking up).
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Cross cover testing when examining a patient for diplopia-head in neutral position
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Mainly flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) - C8-T1, ulnar nerve; but also flexor carpi radialis (FCR) - C7-8, median nerve.
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Cross cover testing when examining a patient for diplopia-head tilted left
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Cross cover testing when examining a patient for diplopia using examiner's hand as an occluder. Patient's head tilted to the left (ear towards shoulder) testing cranial nerve IV
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Cross cover testing when examining a patient for diplopia-head tilted left
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Cross cover testing when examining a patient for diplopia using examiner's hand as an occluder. Patient's head tilted to the left (ear towards shoulder) testing cranial nerve IV
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Cross cover testing when examining a patient for diplopia-head tilted right
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Cross cover testing when examining a patient for diplopia using examiner's hand as an occluder. Patient's head tilted to the right (ear towards shoulder) testing cranial nerve IV
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Deep tendon reflex: brachioradialis (supine)
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Deep tendon reflex testing supine, brachioradialis, radial nerve C5 C6
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Deep tendon reflex positioning: ankle dorsiflexor (Student & Teacher)
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Deep tendon reflex positioning: ankle dorsiflexor (Student & Teacher) (looking to make sure leg is relaxed at ankle, no tension across tendon as foot is passively dorsiflexed to elicit ankle jerk reflex
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Deep tendon reflex: positioning for triceps (supine)
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
positioning the patient to test deep tendon reflex supine, triceps testing, radial, C6 C7 C8
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Deep tendon reflex testing: ankle jerk positioning
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Positioning for testing ankle jerks, deep tendon reflex testing-knee at 90 degrees and foot gently and passively dorsiflexed, patient sitting
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Deep tendon reflex testing: Ankle Jerks
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Deep tendon reflex testing; ankle jerk, achilles tendon, S1>S2, tibial (sciatic) nerve
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Deep tendon reflex testing: ankle jerk (supine)
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Deep tendon reflex testing supine, ankle jerk, achilles tendon, S1>S2, tibial (sciatic) nerve, leg externally rotated at the hip and examiner gently dorsiflexing the hip, tromner refelx hammer strikes patellar tendon
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Deep tendon reflex testing: Brachioradialis
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Biceps deep tendon reflex; C5, C6 brachioradialis, radial nerve
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Deep tendon reflex testing: knee
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Deep tendon reflex testing, patellar tendon, knee jerk, femoral nerve, L2,3,4
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Deep tendon reflex testing: knee jerk (supine)
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Testing deep tendon reflexes supine, knee jerk, patellar tendon, femoral nerve L2,3,4, quadriceps muscle-knee slightly passively flexed by examiner, patellar tendon struck by tromner reflex hammer
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Deep tendon reflex testing: Triceps
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Deep tendon reflex testing, triceps, radial nerve, C6, C7, C8, arm bent and sitting genltly in patient lap, hand used to palpate triceps tendon, tromner hammer strikes and finger positioned over the tendon-hammer in motion
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Deep tendon reflex testing: Triceps
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Deep tendon reflex testing, triceps, radial nerve, C6, C7, C8, arm bent and sitting genltly in patient lap, hand used to palpate triceps tendon, tromner hammer strikes and finger positioned over the tendon
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Deep tendon reflex testing: Triceps (Alternative Positioning)
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Deep tendon reflex positioning, triceps, radial nerve, C6, C7, C8, arm bent and held up by examiner (patient encouraged to relax, let arm hand passively), hand used to palpate triceps tendon
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Deep tendon reflex testing: Triceps (Alternative Positioning)
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Deep tendon reflex testing, triceps, radial nerve, C6, C7, C8, arm bent and held up by examiner (patient encouraged to relax, let arm hand passively), hand used to palpate triceps tendon, tromner hammer strikes and finger positioned over the tendon
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Deep tendon reflex testing: Triceps (Alternative Positioning)
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Deep tendon reflex testing, triceps, radial nerve, C6, C7, C8, arm bent and held up by examiner (patient encouraged to relax, let arm hand passively), hand used to palpate triceps tendon, tromner hammer strikes and finger positioned over the tendon
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Deep tendon reflex testing: Triceps (Landmarking) (Medical Student)
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Student landmarking for triceps tendon with patient in seated position
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Deep tendon reflex testing: Triceps (Medical Student)
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Student testing triceps deep tendon reflex with tromner hammer with patient sitting, arm flexed at elbow and sittling gently/passively in patient's lap
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demonstrating 128Hz tuning fork vibration on forehead
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Sensory testing: showing patient what 128Hz tuning fork feels like on forehead (normal control) before attempting testing on arms and legs
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Demonstrating vertical meridian of visual field
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Examiner is demonstrating the vertical meridian of a visual field that separates the right and left quadrants, with one eye occluded
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Doctor speaking to patient.
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Doctor speaking to patient.
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Doctor speaking to patient.
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Doctor speaking to patient. Patient is sitting on the edge of a hospital bed and wearing a gown. Doctor is standing. Both are masked.
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Doctor speaking to patient.
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Doctor speaking to patient. Patient is sitting on the edge of a hospital bed and wearing a gown. Doctor is standing. Both are masked.
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Doctor speaking to patient.
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Doctor speaking to patient. Patient is standing next to doctor. Both are masked.
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Doctor speaking to patient.
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Doctor speaking to patient. Patient is standing next to doctor. Both are masked.
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Doctor speaking to patient.
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Doctor speaking to patient. Patient is sitting on the edge of a hospital bed. Doctor is standing. Both are masked.
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Doctor speaking to patient.
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Doctor speaking to patient.
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Doctor speaking to patient - patient patting head.
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Doctor speaking to patient - patient patting head.
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Doctor speaking to patient - patient rubbing belly.
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Doctor speaking to patient - patient rubbing belly.
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Draping patient for exam (supine).
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Draping patient for exam (supine),making sure that patient is adequately covered with sheet between legs for power and coordination testing (heel to shin)
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Draping patient for exam (supine).
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Draping patient for exam (supine),making sure that patient is adequately covered with sheet between legs for power and coordination testing (heel to shin)
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Draping patient for exam (supine) (once complete)
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Final drape of patient for exam (supine), making sure that patient is adequately covered with sheet between legs for power and coordination testing (heel to shin)
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Draping patient for neuro exam (supine).
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Draping patient for exam (supine) making sure that patient is adequately covered with sheet between legs for power and coordination testing (heel to shin)
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Eliciting the ankle jerk deep tendon reflex (supine; crossing leg).
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Positioning for eliciting the ankle jerk deep tendon reflex while in bed and crossing leg, foot gently and passively dorsiflexed, S1>S2, tibial (sciatic) nerve, elicited with tromner reflex hammer (more difficult in older patients with +/- hip pathology as requires external rotation hip)
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Examing facial power CN VII forceful eye closure
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Examining facial power-cranial nerve VII -examiner asks patient to "squeeze eyes tight shut" to see if they can bury eyelashes (orbicularis oculi)
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Examing facial power CN VII forceful eye closure
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Examining facial power-cranial nerve VII -examiner asks patient to "squeeze eyes tight shut" to see if they can bury eyelashes (orbicularis oculi)
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Examing facial power CN VII forceful eye closure with resistance
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Examiner is testing facial power-cranial nerve VII by asking patient to "squeeze eyes tight shut and don't let me open them" and testing eye closure with resistance (orbicularis oculi)
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Examining facial power CN VII "lift eyebrows up"
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Examining facial power-cranial nerve VII examiner asks patient to raise their eyebrows
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Examining facial power-cranial nerve VII "big smile"
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Examining facial power-cranial nerve VII - examiner asks patient to show a "big smile"
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Examining facial power-cranial nerve VII "big smile"
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Examining facial power-cranial nerve VII - examiner asks patient to show a "big smile"
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Examining facial power-cranial nerve VII-platysma
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Examining facial power-cranial nerve VII "tense your neck muscles"-looking at platysma muscle neck
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Examining facial power-cranial nerve VII "puff out your cheeks" (orbicularis oris)
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Examining facial power-cranial nerve VII- examiner asks patient to "puff out your cheeks" (orbicularis oris)
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Examining facial power-cranial nerve VII "puff out your cheeks" (orbicularis oris)
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Examining facial power-cranial nerve VII- examiner asks patient to "puff out your cheeks" (orbicularis oris)
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Examining palatal elevation with patient saying "ahhhh" - cranial nerve IX and X
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Examining palatal elevation with mouth open and tongue extended, patient saying "ahhhh" - cranial nerve IX and X
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Examining tongue extension- cranial nerve XII
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Examining tongue movements - cranial nerve XII-examiner asks patient to extend/protrude tongue
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Examining tongue movements-cranial nerve XII
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Examining tongue movements-cranial nerve XII, examiner asks patient to "push tongue against inside of cheek against resistance", gages power of tongue against resistance
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Head impulse test (cranial nerve VIII) testing vestibular function
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Head impulse test (cranial nerve VIII) testing vestibular function-examiner has his hands on both sides of teh head and is moving head from an eccentric position-looking rightr or left, back towards midline
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Jendrassik manoever sitting
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Jendrassik moanoever to elicit/augment deep tendon reflexes in the legs, done sitting
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Jendrassik manoever supine
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Jendrassik manoever for augmenting deep tendon reflexes in the legs (lying in bed).
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Jendrassik manoever (supine).
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Jendrassik manoever for augmenting deep tendon reflexes in the legs (patient lying in bed).
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knee jerk, supine with pillow
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
patient supine, gently and passively flexing the knees using a pillow under knees, in order to position for ankle jerk reflex femoral nerve L3
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Landmarking biceps tendon
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Landmarking biceps tendon in order to elicit reflex, arm bend and sitting gently in lap, patient sitting
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Landmarking biceps tendon
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Landmarking biceps tendon C5 C6 musculocutaneous nerve
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Landmarking brachioradialis tendon
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Landmarking brachioradialis C5, C6 radial nerve
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landmarking patellar tendon
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
landmarking patellar tendon, femoral nerve L3, L4, to elicit the knee jerk reflex
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Landmarking triceps tendon
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Landmarking triceps tendon in order to elicit reflex, arm bend at 90 degrees and sitting gently in patient's lap
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language testing stroke card
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Language exam with stroke card-testing naming
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language testing stroke card
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Language exam using stroke card-asking patient to name objects
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Measuring pupil size
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Measuring pupil size using snellen eye card in ambient light
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Measuring pupil size
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
examiner measuring patient pupil size in ambient light using snellen visual acuity chart
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Motor Testing: Ankle dorsiflexion (supine) - L4, L5
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Motor testing supine, ankle dorsiflexion; L4, L5, deep peroneal nerve, tibialis anterior muscle, tested one side at a time, with leg extended, shoes and socks removed
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Motor Testing: Arms; shoulder abduction
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
motor testing arms sitting-testing deltoids auxillary nerve C5, you can test the two sides (right, left) simultaneously (only time this is true in arm exam)
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Motor Testing: Arms; shoulder abduction
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
motor testing arms sitting-testing deltoids auxillary nerve C5, you can test the two sides (right, left) simultaneously (only time this is true in arm exam)
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Motor Testing: Arms; shoulder abduction
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
motor testing arms sitting-testing deltoids auxillary nerve C5, you can test the two sides (right, left) simultaneously (only time this is true in arm exam)
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Motor Testing: Arms; shoulder abduction
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
motor testing arms sitting-testing deltoids auxillary nerve C5, you can test the two sides (right, left) simultaneously (only time this is true in arm exam)
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motor testing: Elbow extension
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Motor testing; C6C8; triceps muscles, radial nerve, elbow bent at 90 degrees, examine with one hand on either side of the joint to stabilize, ask patient to push out and examiner resists movement
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motor testing: Elbow extension
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Motor testing; C6C8; triceps muscles, radial nerve, elbow bent at 90 degrees, examine with one hand on either side of the joint to stabilize, ask patient to push out and examiner resists movement
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Motor testing: Elbow flexion
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Motor testing: biceps; C5-6, musculocutaneous nerve, hands above and below the joint to stabilize, elbow at 90 degrees, asking patient to pull hand towards chest and examiner resists that movement
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Motor testing: Elbow flexion
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Motor testing: biceps; C5-6, musculocutaneous nerve, hands above and below the joint to stabilize, elbow at 90 degrees, asking patient to pull hand towards chest and examiner resists that movement
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Motor testing: Elbow flexion
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Motor testing: biceps; C5-6, musculocutaneous nerve, hands above and below the joint to stabilize, elbow at 90 degrees, asking patient to pull hand towards chest and examiner resists that movement
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Motor Testing: Finger Abduction
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Motor testing finger abduction, C8 T1, ulnar nerve-asking patient to spread fingers and then examiner is trying to resist that movement with same finger e.g. index finger to index finger, 5th digit to 5th digit
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Motor Testing: Finger Abduction
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Motor testing finger abduction, C8 T1, ulnar nerve-asking patient to spread fingers and then examiner is trying to resist that movement with same finger e.g. 5th digit to 5th digit (abductor digiti minimi C7T1, ulnar nerve)
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Motor Testing: Knee extension (supine) - L3, L4
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Knee extension; L2
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Motor Testing: Knee extension (supine) - L3, L4 (2)
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Knee extension; L2
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Motor Testing: Knee flexion (supine) - L5, S1
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Motor testing supine, knee flexion; L5, S1; hamstrings muscle, tested supine with knee bend, one hand supporitng under the knee and the other on the lower leg, pulling upwards and resisting the knee flexion movement
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Motor testing: Plantar Flexion (supine) - S1, S2
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Motor testing supine, testing plantarflexion, S1, 2, tibial nerve (sciatic), gastroc nemius and soleus, done supine, one hand stabilizing lower leg and one hand under foot resisting movement
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Motor Testing Positioning: Elbow flexion
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Motor testing - positioning for testing of elbow flexion-biceps, musculocutaneous C5, C6, postiioning for testing is elbow bent- at 90 degrees
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Motor Testing Positioning: Finger Extension
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Positioning for testing finger extension - extensor digitorum - posterior interosseus nerve, C7>C8, wrist neutral and fingers extended
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Motor Testing: Wrist Extension
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Motor testing; wrist extension; C5
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Motor Testing: Wrist Extension
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Motor testing; wrist extension; C5
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Motor Testing: Wrist Extension
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Motor testing; wrist extension; C5
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Motor Testing: Wrist Extension (Medical Student)
Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
Student practicing testing wrist extension (radial nerve, C6 C7)