Extra Intestinal Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics

Authors

Gregor Reid, Lawson Health Research Institute
Jo Anne Hammond

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

11-1-2005

Journal

Canadian Family Physician

Volume

51

Issue

NOV.

First Page

1487

Last Page

1493

Abstract

Objective: To define the term probiotics, to indicate how to identify products that have been proven beneficial, and to assess the quality of evidence regarding probiotics. Quality of evidence: A few level I studies support the effectiveness of specific probiotics for certain diagnoses. For most so-called probiotics, however, weak or no evidence supports their effectiveness. Main message: Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Level I evidence supports use of VSL#3 for maintaining remission of inflammatory colitis. Probiotics for treating vaginal infections, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14, have level I evidence of effectiveness, but are not available in Canada. Specific probiotics taken for certain indications improve health and have few side effects. Conclusion: Limited but good evidence supports the role of certain probiotics in medical practice. Because consumer pressure will undoubtedly stimulate further interest in probiotics, family doctors need to be informed about them so they can advise their patients appropriately.