Adherence of cervical, vaginal and distal urethral normal microbial flora to human uroepithelial cells and the inhibition of adherence of gram-negative uropathogens by competitive exclusion

Authors

Julia M. Di Bella, The University of Western Ontario
Yige Bao, The University of Western Ontario
Gregory B. Gloor, Lawson Health Research Institute
Jeremy P. Burton, The University of Western Ontario
Gregor Reid, The University of Western Ontario

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

12-1-2013

Journal

Journal of Microbiological Methods

Volume

95

Issue

3

First Page

401

Last Page

414

URL with Digital Object Identifier

10.1016/j.mimet.2013.08.011

Abstract

High-throughput sequencing technology is rapidly improving in quality, speed and cost. It is therefore becoming more widely used to study whole communities of prokaryotes in many niches. This review discusses these techniques, including nucleic acid extraction from different environments, sample preparation and high-throughput sequencing platforms. We also discuss commonly used and recently developed bioinformatic tools applied to microbiomes, including analyzing amplicon sequences, metagenome shotgun sequences and metatranscriptome sequences. This field is relatively new and rapidly evolving, thus we hope that this review will provide a baseline for understanding these methods of microbiome analyses. Additionally, we seek to stimulate others to solve the many problems that still exist with the sensitivity, specificity and interpretation of high throughput microbiome sequence analysis. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.