Exploring Perceptions and Unmet Needs of Female Varsity Athletes Surrounding the Effects of the Menstrual Cycle on Training, Performance, and Competition
Abstract
Despite the recent increase in female sport participation, female athletes receive an inferior level of support compared to males. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess varsity female athletes’ lived experiences regarding the impact of their menstrual cycle (MC) on sport performance and (2) explore their perceptions and unmet needs regarding staff communication and education to optimize performance and maintain sport participation. Ten individual semi-structured interviews were conducted. Four themes emerged through thematic analysis: symptoms, perceived impact on sport performance, communication and support, and education and next steps. Results revealed that many athletes who experienced negative symptoms surrounding menstruation perceived a decrease in performance. Results were variable as some athletes felt no impact, highlighting the importance of an individual-based approach to coaching and training. All athletes felt that conversation with team staff was lacking and expressed a need for increased education and a decreased stigmatization of the MC.