Evaluating the Implementation of the Centrally Procured School Food Program (CPSFP) in Southwestern Ontario Elementary Schools
Abstract
School food programs can improve children’s health and well-being, while also creating economic opportunities for local food systems. Program evaluations of such interventions have always been done, but from the perspectives of their effectiveness. Yet, few have thoroughly examined the process or implementation practices of these interventions. The aim of this dissertation was to evaluate the implementation of the Centrally Procured School Food Program (CPSFP), a procurement and delivery-based school food program in Southwestern Ontario, that aims to improve elementary school-aged children’s intake of fruit and vegetables (FVs). Canada remains one of the few industrialized nations without a national school food program, and therefore evaluating the implementation processes of this pilot program will identify the conditions and resources needed to lay the foundation for a universal school food program. Experiences of food providers, and Ontario Student Nutrition Program (OSNP) personnel who were involved in planning, coordination, and oversight of the program, as well as those involved in the production, procurement, and distribution of foods to schools were gathered using semi-structured interviews. An inductive content analysis of the interview transcripts indicates that the majority of the participants expressed positive perceptions of the CPSFP. Successes and challenges to program implementation included children’s excitement and the alleviation of concerns with volunteer-led purchasing and delivery, while concurrently revealing challenges with volume and type of food, as well as infrastructure and funding limitations. Suggestions for improvement included focused opportunities to enhance the implementation of the CPSFP, while also identifying a need for continued and enhanced investment of resources. Next, using a mixed-methods study design, perspectives of personnel and volunteers involved in the implementation of the program at the school-level were examined. Findings show that participants were highly satisfied with the program and viewed the program as part of a successful effort to increase children’s intake of healthy foods, especially FVs. Successes included appreciation for the CPSFP and the participation of the school community. Challenges included concerns with the volume and types of foods provided, issues with classroom food delivery and distribution, and communication issues. Suggestions for improvement included building capacities and enhancing children’s engagement in the program. Evidence indicates that CPSFP is likely to be effective and sustainable but only with proper implementation. This research has implications for the CPSFP and other school-based efforts aimed at promoting FVs intake among children while also creating economic opportunities for local, sustainable agriculture.