Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Degree

Master of Science

Program

Nursing

Supervisor

Booth, Richard G.

Abstract

Background: Chronic pain is a condition nurses encounter in their practice often; estimated to affect 1 in 5 Canadian adults, resulting in significant disability, a deleterious impact on health and quality of life, and a large financial and operational burden on the health care system. It is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon that despite research efforts remains poorly understood. Consequently, the focus of chronic pain treatment targets the managementof pain to improve quality of life and reduce suffering as much as possible, rather than a curative approach. Chronic pain has been recognized as one of the most pervasive and challenging conditions to manage by health professions. Subsequently, the treatment of chronic pain is considered an effectiveness gap, or a clinical area where current conventional treatments are not fully effective. As a result, more chronic pain sufferers are turning to Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) to manage their pain, the use of which has increased significantly over the past few decades. Literature suggests unmet healthcare needs can motivate CAM use, and this is directly related to the concept of healthcare access. To the researcher's knowledge, the relationship between CAM use, unmet healthcare needs and healthcare access has not yet been studied within the context of Canadians with chronic pain.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between healthcare access, unmet healthcare needs, and CAM use in adults with chronic pain.

Methods: A secondary analysis of data from Cycle 9 of the National Population Health Survey. The Behavioural Model of Health Services Utilization was used as a theoretical lens to conduct a binary logistic regression analysis and related descriptive statistics of the sample.

Results: When controlling for demographics and health status indicators, the presence of unmet healthcare needs was found to predict the use of complementary and alternative medicine (p < 0.001). Healthcare access was not statistically significant in the model. Other statistically significant predictors of CAM use in adults with chronic pain were sex, education, income, employment, and restriction of activities.

Conclusion: Understanding healthcare access and unmet healthcare needs is critical to developing service improvement strategies. This study indicates that people may be engaging in CAM due to shortcomings of the conventional health care system. This has implications for policymakers and healthcare professions to develop strategies to improve chronic pain management. These findings also support the necessity of more research into establishing safe and effective CAM practices via regulatory standards and a sound evidence base to support these therapies.

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