Thesis Format
Integrated Article
Degree
Master of Engineering Science
Program
Biomedical Engineering
Collaborative Specialization
Musculoskeletal Health Research
Supervisor
Ng, Geoffrey
Abstract
Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is characterized by abnormal femoral head morphology, disrupting hip joint biomechanics and leading to pain, joint degeneration, and functional impairments. This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical adaptations and compensatory mechanisms employed by individuals with unilateral cam FAI during walking, squatting, and single-leg tasks. Biomechanical analysis revealed significant deficits in the symptomatic hips, including reduced hip extension and abduction moments, altered pelvic tilt, and increased trunk lean during squatting. Contralateral hips demonstrated compensatory increases in abduction and internal rotation moments, stabilizing the pelvis but exposing them to overuse risks. Balance and postural control deficits were identified in both hips, with significant reductions in Star Excursion Balance Test reach distances. These findings highlight the bilateral impact of cam FAI and the critical role of compensatory mechanisms in maintaining dynamic stability. Rehabilitation strategies must address both symptomatic and asymptomatic hips to optimize function and reduce long-term risks.
Summary for Lay Audience
Hip pain and dysfunction from cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) impact young, active individuals, often limiting their mobility and quality of life. Cam FAI occurs when abnormal bone growth alters the shape of the femoral head, restricting hip movement and causing debilitating osteoarthritis. This leads to pain, reduced range of motion, and compensatory movement patterns to minimize symptoms. While these strategies aim to maintain stability, they may inadvertently stress other joints and muscles, potentially leading to long-term issues. This study aimed to explore the biomechanics of walking, squatting, and single-leg tasks in individuals with cam FAI, assessing both the symptomatic hip and the unaffected, contralateral hip. Findings revealed significant alterations in hip movement and loading, including restricted hip and trunk mobility. During squatting, individuals with FAI leaned more forward to reduce impingement and pain. Single-leg balance was also challenging for individuals with FAI, particularly when reaching backwards. This work highlights the importance of earlier strategies to target and strengthen specific hip muscles. This research provides clinicians with insights to develop effective rehabilitation strategies, improving outcomes for individuals with FAI and reducing their risk of long-term joint pain and injury.
Recommended Citation
Shatila, Mohamad El Fateh, "Altered Hip Biomechanics and Compensatory Mechanisms in Femoroacetabular Impingement Patients" (2025). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 10694.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/10694
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