Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Thesis Format

Integrated Article

Degree

Master of Engineering Science

Program

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Supervisor

Pearce, Joshua

Abstract

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are pivotal in reducing global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and combating climate change. As demand for clean energy grows, PV deployment is accelerating due to technological advances and lower costs. Despite its environmental benefits, the life cycle impacts of PV systems—covering production, installation, and disposal—raise sustainability concerns. Using life cycle analysis (LCA), this research compares small-scale rooftop and large-scale ground-mounted PV systems, evaluating energy intensity, carbon emissions, and water usage. Rooftop systems generally show lower environmental footprints due to reduced material, transportation, and installation needs. Additionally, alternatives for mounting materials, such as sand-plastic composites demonstrate potential for further carbon reductions. Understanding PV environmental impacts requires accurate performance testing of the PV modules themselves. A DIY I-V curve tracer was developed to facilitate broader PV performance testing, offering a low-cost, accessible solution. Finally, this study explores integrating floating PV systems with solar-powered pale-blue hydrogen production, providing a pathway toward a carbon-negative energy system.

Summary for Lay Audience

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, which convert sunlight into electricity, are key in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fighting climate change. As more people seek cleaner energy, PV systems are being installed widely. While solar energy has clear environmental benefits, building and installing these systems still create environmental impacts, from the materials used to the energy needed to make and dispose of them. This research explores those impacts to find ways to make solar energy even greener.

The study compares two types of solar setups: small rooftop PV systems and larger, ground-mounted systems. Rooftop PV systems generally use less energy and have a smaller carbon footprint, partly because they need less material and energy for transport and setup. Making the panels, however, themselves requires a lot of energy, especially in producing silicon, a key part of most PV panels.

In addition to the panels, this research looks at the materials used in PV systems, such as concrete for mounting structures and aluminum for frames. Concrete production is a major source of CO₂ emissions, so the study tests alternative materials, like bricks made from recycled plastic and sand, which could reduce the carbon impact of ground-mounted systems.

Finally, the research investigates using solar power to produce “pale-blue” hydrogen, a clean fuel. This method captures CO₂ during production, creating a carbon-negative energy system.

In sum, this research highlights that with smarter choices in materials and new technologies, PV systems can be even more environmentally friendly. These findings aim to help make solar energy systems cleaner, supporting a healthier and more sustainable future.

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