Hypertension Burden in Sub-Saharan Africa: prevalence estimates and sociodemographic drivers
Abstract
Hypertension, a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and mortality, disproportionately affects the developing world. This systematic review, meta-analysis, and secondary data analysis estimate hypertension prevalence among adults aged 15+ in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Benin, using nationwide population-based studies from 2000-2024. Forty-six studies were included in the systematic review, showing an overall pooled hypertension prevalence of 27% (95% CI: 23%, 32%). Using proportions and logistic regression analysis, secondary data analysis in Benin examined the prevalence and associations between several sociodemographic factors and hypertension. Stratified by sex, the study revealed higher hypertension prevalence in men (21.7%) compared to women (14.4%). Both sexes showed higher prevalence with increasing age and diagnoses of heart disease (men [aOR=7.60(95% CI:4.00-14.44)]); women 2.77[95% CI:1.68-4.55]) compared to those without heart disease.
These findings can inform longitudinal studies that will help formulate public health policies targeted at early hypertension screening and treatment, reducing related deaths in sub-Saharan Africa.
Keywords
Hypertension; prevalence; risk factors; sub-Sharan Africa; Benin; nationwide population-based; demographic and health survey; systematic review; meta-analysis; non-communicable diseases