Examining the Causes and Prevalence of Food Loss in Techiman Market, Ghana.
Abstract
Food insecurity is a significant challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where there is insufficient food to meet the needs of the growing population. Despite substantial efforts to combat this issue, food loss has emerged as a major barrier to achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 in Ghana. The Techiman market, one of the primary food hubs serving Ghana and other SSA countries, faces concerns about food loss and waste, especially given the increasing focus on food security in the region. Emerging literature indicates that most of these post-harvest losses occur at the source (the farm). This study draws data from a cross-sectional survey (n=543) conducted at Techiman Market to examine the causes and prevalence of food loss and waste among traders. First, the study examined the drivers and gendered livelihood impacts of food loss in Techiman market and consisted of focus group discussions (n=25) and in-depth interviews (n=10) with women traders in the market. Results from this study revealed that some of the main causes of food loss in the market were inadequate storage infrastructure, poor packaging, improper handling, and infestations by pests and rodents. These interconnected factors contributed to reduced incomes for women traders, negatively impacting their ability to provide for their households and diminishing their decision-making autonomy within their families.
Secondly, the study examined the determinants of fruit and vegetable loss among traders in Techiman market. Fruits (mango 10.13%, pineapple 7%) and vegetables (tomatoes 14.36% and green pepper 16.02%). The regression results indicated that fruits and vegetables were more frequently lost than non-perishable produce like grains and legumes. The findings showed that food supply frequency (OR=1.617; p ≤0.05) and packaging type (OR=1.454; p ≤0.05) were significantly associated with food loss in Techiman market. The findings also highlight the need for training programs for traders to help reduce food loss and waste in the market, ultimately safeguarding their livelihoods. Furthermore, government interventions, such as the construction of advanced storage facilities and cold rooms in various markets, should be implemented to ensure produce is stored under optimal conditions. The findings from this study reinforce the importance for Ghana to ensure food quality, safety, and security in order to achieve SDG goal 2.