Evaluating self-efficacy change in a hybrid type 2 diabetes self-management education program: A secondary analysis of a six-month quasi-experimental treatment-only study
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Self-efficacy is associated with better type 2 diabetes (T2D) self-management. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether a 6-month hybrid multi-component T2D self-management education (SME) program increases self-efficacy. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of an ongoing quasi-experimental, treatment-only study. Participants were recruited between November 2022 and December 2023. Adults diagnosed with T2D, glycated hemoglobin (A1c) ≥ 8%, and no prior flash glucose monitor experience were included. The SME included biofeedback from glucose and physical activity monitors, group education, and elective exercise prescription. Self-efficacy was measured using the Stanford Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale. Change in self-efficacy from baseline was assessed using a paired samples t-test. RESULTS: Thirty-eight participants were enrolled (mean age: 54.6±13.3 years, % female: 36.8). Mean self-efficacy score increased from 6.00±1.96 at baseline to 7.97±1.21 at six months (pCONCLUSION: This SME program may have fostered self-efficacy, possibly leading to enhanced T2D self-management.