Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Thesis Format

Monograph

Degree

Master of Engineering Science

Program

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering

Supervisor

Franco Berruti

Abstract

This MSc thesis explores biomass pyrolysis and reforming, aiming to convert biomass-derived vapors into useful gases for synthesis and fuel. The study focuses on transforming high molecular weight molecules, like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and volatile organic molecules such as acids, alcohols, and other substances formed during pyrolysis into essential gases like hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.

A dual-reactor system is employed: a CSTR for primary pyrolysis, followed by a PFR or PBR for secondary catalytic processing. Olivine is used as the catalyst.

The research compares three gas upgrading methods: thermal cracking, catalytic cracking, and catalytic steaming (reforming).

Results indicate that the use of olivine as a catalyst in dry and steam reforming leads to a significant increase in hydrogen and carbon monoxide production, with hydrogen yields reaching up to 40% and carbon monoxide up to 35% in the gas mixture. In comparison, thermal cracking resulted in lower hydrogen yields of around 20% and higher methane content.

Further analysis shows that catalytic reforming significantly reduces the presence of oxygenated compounds like acids and alcohols by up to 90%, improving the overall gas quality.

Summary for Lay Audience

This study investigates how to convert biomass, like plant material and organic waste, into useful gases for fuel and other valuable products. It focuses on transforming vapors produced from heated biomass into gases using olivine, a naturally occurring mineral chosen for its strength, affordability, and wide availability.

The research uses two reactors: the first heats the biomass to produce biochar (solid) and vapor; the second treats the vapor to convert it into gases. The olivine catalyst is specially prepared by heating and chemical treatment to enhance its effectiveness. The study compares different methods to find the best way to convert vapors, which include complex molecules such as acids, alcohols, and other organic substances, into useful gases.

Results show that olivine is effective in removing unwanted compounds and converting carbon dioxide into valuable gases like hydrogen and carbon monoxide. However, it is less effective in converting methane. Despite this, olivine resists carbon build-up, making it a durable and reliable choice for this process.

Overall, this study helps improve the process of turning biomass into energy and valuable products, contributing to more efficient and sustainable energy production methods.

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