Chemical state determination of molecular gallium compounds using XPS

Authors

Jeremy L. Bourque, The University of Western Ontario
Mark C. Biesinger, The University of Western Ontario
Kim M. Baines, The University of Western OntarioFollow

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

1-1-2016

Journal

Dalton Transactions

Volume

45

Issue

18

First Page

7678

Last Page

7696

URL with Digital Object Identifier

10.1039/c6dt00771f

Abstract

A series of molecular gallium compounds were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Specifically, the Ga 2p and Ga 3d photoelectron binding energies and the Ga L M M Auger electron kinetic energies of compounds with gallium in a range of assigned oxidation numbers and with different stabilizing ligands were measured. Auger parameters were calculated and used to generate multiple chemical speciation (or Wagner) plots that were subsequently used to characterize the novel gallium-cryptand[2.2.2] complexes 1-3 that possess ambiguous oxidation numbers for gallium. The results presented demonstrate the ability of widely accessible XPS instruments to experimentally determine the chemical state of gallium centers and, as a consequence, provide deeper insights into reactivity compared to assigned oxidation and valence numbers. 3/2 5/2 3 45 45