Strong causal claims require strong evidence: A commentary on Wang and colleagues

Authors

Rebecca Merkley, Numerical Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada.
Anna A. Matejko, Numerical Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada.
Daniel Ansari, Numerical Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada. Electronic address: daniel.ansari@uwo.ca.Follow

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

1-1-2017

Journal

Journal of experimental child psychology

Volume

153

First Page

163

Last Page

167

URL with Digital Object Identifier

10.1016/j.jecp.2016.07.008

Abstract

In this commentary, we provide a discussion of the findings by Wang, Odic, Halberda, and Feigenson recently published in the Journal of Experimental Child Psychology (2016, Vol. 147, pp. 82-99). The article by Wang and colleagues claims to have revealed a causal link between the so-called "approximate number system" (ANS) and young children's symbolic math abilities. We question this assertion of a causal link through a discussion of methodological limitations inherent in their article. More specifically, we assert that (a) Wang and colleagues did not measure the relationship between change in the ANS and change in symbolic number comparison; (b) the ANS manipulation used (hysteresis) may induce a domain-general effect on motivation rather than domain-specific effects on ANS precision; and (c) the outcome measures of symbolic math are problematic both because a between-participants design was employed and because only a select number of items from standardized measures were used. We discuss several possibilities for future research to more directly assess whether a causal relationship exists between the ANS and symbolic math performance in young children.