Demonstration and suppression of respiration-related artifacts in Bloch–Siegert shift-based B1+ maps of the human brain
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
7-1-2020
Journal
NMR in Biomedicine
Volume
33
Issue
7
URL with Digital Object Identifier
10.1002/nbm.4299
Abstract
Respiration-induced movement of the chest wall and internal organs causes temporal B variations extending throughout the brain. This study demonstrates that these variations can cause significant artifacts in (Formula presented.) maps obtained at 7 T with the Bloch–Siegert shift (BSS) (Formula presented.) mapping technique. To suppress these artifacts, a navigator correction scheme was proposed. Two sets of experiments were performed. In the first set of experiments, phase shifts induced by respiration-related B variations were assessed for five subjects at 7 T by using a gradient echo (GRE) sequence without phase-encoding. In the second set of experiments, (Formula presented.) maps were acquired using a GRE-based BSS pulse sequence with navigator echoes. For this set, the measurements were consecutively repeated 16 times for the same imaging slice. These measurements were averaged to obtain the reference (Formula presented.) map. Due to the periodicity of respiration-related phase shifts, their effect on the reference (Formula presented.) map was assumed to be negligible through averaging. The individual (Formula presented.) maps of the 16 repetitions were calculated with and without using the proposed navigator scheme. These maps were compared with the (Formula presented.) reference map. The peak-to-peak value of respiration-related phase shifts varied between subjects. Without navigator correction, the interquartile range of percentage error in (Formula presented.) varied between 4.0% and 8.3% among subjects. When the proposed navigator scheme was used, these numbers were reduced to 2.5% and 2.9%, indicating an improvement in the precision of GRE-based BSS (Formula presented.) mapping at high magnetic fields. 0 0
Notes
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