Authors
Jacob Penner, Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada & Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada & First Episode Mood and Anxiety Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
Kristen A Ford, Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada & Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada & First Episode Mood and Anxiety Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
Reggie Taylor, Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada & Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
Betsy Schaefer, Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
Jean Théberge, Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada & Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada & Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
Richard W J Neufeld, Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada & Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada & Neuroscience Program, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
Elizabeth A Osuch, Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada & Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada & First Episode Mood and Anxiety Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada & Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
Ravi S Menon, Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada & Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada & Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
Nagalingam Rajakumar, Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada & Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
John M Allman, Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
Peter C Williamson, Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada & Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada & Tanna Schulich Chair in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, CanadaFollow
Publication Date
1-1-2016
Journal
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
URL with Digital Object Identifier
10.3389/fnhum.2016.00132
Abstract
Anomalies in the medial prefrontal cortex, anterior insulae, and large-scale brain networks associated with them have been proposed to underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD). In this study, we examined the connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortices and anterior insulae in 24 healthy controls, 24 patients with schizophrenia, and 24 patients with MDD early in illness with seed-based resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis using Statistical Probability Mapping. As hypothesized, reduced connectivity was found between the medial prefrontal cortex and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and other nodes associated with directed effort in patients with schizophrenia compared to controls while patients with MDD had reduced connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral prefrontal emotional encoding regions compared to controls. Reduced connectivity was found between the anterior insulae and the medial prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia compared to controls, but contrary to some models emotion processing regions failed to demonstrate increased connectivity with the medial prefrontal cortex in MDD compared to controls. Although, not statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons, patients with schizophrenia tended to demonstrate decreased connectivity between basal ganglia-thalamocortical regions and the medial prefrontal cortex compared to patients with MDD, which might be expected as these regions effect action. Results were interpreted to support anomalies in nodes associated with directed effort in schizophrenia and nodes associated with emotional encoding network in MDD compared to healthy controls.
