Dopaminergic medication impairs feedback-based stimulus-response learning but not response selection in Parkinson's disease.

Authors

Andrew Vo, The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada & Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
Nole M Hiebert, The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada & Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
Ken N Seergobin, The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
Stephanie Solcz, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
Allison Partridge, The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
Penny A MacDonald, The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada & Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada & Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada & Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada & Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

1-1-2014

Journal

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Volume

8

First Page

784

Last Page

784

URL with Digital Object Identifier

10.3389/fnhum.2014.00784

Abstract

Cognitive dysfunction is a feature of Parkinson's Disease (PD). Some cognitive functions are impaired by dopaminergic medications prescribed to address the movement symptoms that typify PD. Learning appears to be the cognitive function most frequently worsened by dopaminergic therapy. However, this result could reflect either impairments in learning (i.e., acquisition of associations among stimuli, responses, and outcomes) or deficits in performance based on learning (e.g., selecting responses). We sought to clarify the specific effects of dopaminergic medication on (a) stimulus-response association learning from outcome feedback and (b) response selection based on learning, in PD. We tested 28 PD patients on and/or off dopaminergic medication along with 32 healthy, age- and education-matched controls. In Session 1, participants learned to associate abstract images with specific key-press responses through trial and error via outcome feedback. In Session 2, participants provided specific responses to abstract images learned in Session 1, without feedback, precluding new feedback-based learning. By separating Sessions 1 and 2 by 24 h, we could distinguish the effect of dopaminergic medication on (a) feedback-based learning and response selection processes in Session 1 as well as on (b) response selection processes when feedback-based learning could not occur in Session 2. Accuracy achieved at the end of Session 1 were comparable across groups. PD patients on medication learned stimulus-response associations more poorly than PD patients off medication and controls. Medication did not influence decision performance in Session 2. We confirm that dopaminergic therapy impairs feedback-based learning in PD, discounting an alternative explanation that warranted consideration.