Title

Dynamic Patient-Specific Three-Dimensional Simulation of Mitral Repair: Can We Practice Mitral Repair Preoperatively?

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

1-1-2018

Journal

Innovations: Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery

Volume

13

Issue

1

First Page

11

Last Page

22

URL with Digital Object Identifier

10.1097/imi.0000000000000463

Abstract

© 2018 International Society for Minimally Invasive Cardiothoracic Surgery. Objective: Planned mitral repair strategies are generally established from preoperative echocardiography; however, specific details of the repair are often determined intraoperatively. We propose that three-dimensional printed, patient-specific, dynamic mitral valve models may help surgeons plan and trial all the details of a specific patient's mitral repair preoperatively. Methods: Using preoperative echocardiography, segmentation, modeling software, and three-dimensional printing, we created dynamic, high-fidelity, patient-specific mitral valve models including the subvalvular apparatus. We assessed the accuracy of 10 patient mitral valve models anatomically and functionally in a heart phantom simulator, both objectively by blinded echocardiographic assessment, and subjectively by two mitral repair experts. After this, we attempted model mitral repair and compared the outcomes with postoperative echocardiography. Results: Model measurements were accurate when compared with patients on anterior-posterior diameter, circumference, and anterior leaflet length; however, less accurate on posterior leaflet length. On subjective assessment, Likert scores were high at 3.8 ± 0.4 and 3.4 ± 0.7, suggesting good fidelity of the dynamic model echocardiogram and functional model in the phantom to the preoperative three-dimensional echocardiogram, respectively. Mitral repair was successful in all 10 models with significant reduction in mitral insufficiency. In two models, mitral repair was performed twice, using two different surgical techniques to assess which provided a better outcome. When compared with the actual patient mitral repair outcome, the repaired models compared favorably. Conclusions: Complex mitral valve modeling seems to predict an individual patient's mitral anatomy well, before surgery. Further investigation is required to determine whether deliberate preoperative practice can improve mitral repair outcomes.

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