BUBBLE – an Urban Boundary Layer Meteorology Project

Authors

M. W. Rotach, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
R. Vogt, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
C. Bernhofer, University of Dresden, Germany
E. Batchvarova, Bulgarian National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Bulgaria
A. Christen, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
A. Clappier, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
B. Feddersen, University of Hamburg, Germany
S.-E. Gryning, Risø National Laboratory, Denmark
G. Martucci, Observatory of Neuchatel, Switzerland
H. Mayer, University of Freiburg, Germany
V. Mitev, Observatory of Neuchatel, Switzerland
T. R. Oke, University of British Columbia
E. Parlow, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
H. Richner, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
M. Roth, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Y. A. Roulet, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
D. Ruffieux, MeteoSwiss, Switzerland
J. A. Salmond, University of Birmingham, UK
M. Schatzmann, University of Hamburg, Germany
James A. Voogt, The University of Western Ontario

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2005

Volume

81

Issue

3-4

Journal

Theoretical and Applied Climatology

First Page

231

Last Page

261

URL with Digital Object Identifier

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-004-0117-9

Abstract

The Basel UrBan Boundary Layer Experiment (BUBBLE) was a year-long experimental effort to investigate in detail the boundary layer structure in the City of Basel, Switzerland. At several sites over different surface types (urban, sub-urban and rural reference) towers up to at least twice the main obstacle height provided turbulence observations at many levels. In addition, a Wind Profiler and a Lidar near the city center were profiling the entire lower troposphere. During an intensive observation period (IOP) of one month duration, several sub-studies on street canyon energetics and satellite ground truth, as well as on urban turbulence and profiling (sodar, RASS, tethered balloon) were performed. Also tracer experiments with near-roof-level release and sampling were performed. In parallel to the experimental activities within BUBBLE, a meso-scale numerical atmospheric model, which contains a surface exchange parameterization, especially designed for urban areas was evaluated and further developed. Finally, the area of the full-scale tracer experiment which also contains several sites of other special projects during the IOP (street canyon energetics, satellite ground truth) is modeled using a very detailed physical scale-model in a wind tunnel. In the present paper details of all these activities are presented together with first results.