The aim of this paper is to present a first approach to the argentinian feminist journal Brujas, first published in Buenos Aires in 1982. Attention is paid to its early years and the way it situates itself in the context of transition to democracy..

Analizaremos dicho proceso en el período que va desde los años previos a la llegada de su patrona -1762- hasta los tiempos de la Revolución de Mayo -1810- con la parroquia ya establecida.

Esta especificidad se ponderará en el marco de procesos regionales comunes a los territorios de temprana ocupación recordando que a principios del siglo XVIII San Pedro integraba el partido de los Arroyos- extensa zona comprendida entre Santiago del Baradero, Cañada Honda y el Arroyo del Medio- cuando dicho partido dependía de la Tenencia de Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz.

In this work I analyze Pedro Almodovar's film Pepi, Luci, Bom y otra chicas el montón (1980) in relation to the Spanish underground comic that emerged in the early 70 and consolidated during the first half of the 1980s. My main objective is to show the influence of this cultural phenomenon in Almodovar's early cinema.

En la primera mitad del siglo XX, la enseñanza de la gramática tradicional no se cuestiona y su límite oracional no es un eje de discusión puesto que todavía las líneas de orientación textual estaban en ciernes. Entre los 60 y 70 el estructuralismo eclipsa los estudios del lenguaje y sus herramientas de análisis gramatical ingresan en las aulas. Es en los últimos 20 años cuando aparecen las dos líneas que direccionarán el destino de la gramática en la escuela: no dar gramática o reemplazar la gramática oracional por una lingüística/gramática textual y/o análisis del discurso. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente trabajo es indagar sobre el rol que ocupa la enseñanza de contenidos gramaticales del español en el sistema educativo argentino. Para ello, debemos preguntarnos lo siguiente: ¿existen fundamentos sólidos para eliminar la enseñanza de la gramática? y ¿se puede enseñar gramática textual sin una base en gramática oracional? Para responder a los interrogantes planteados, se utilizará como insumo una encuesta realizada a los estudiantes que ingresan al cursado de la materia Gramática I del Profesorado y la Licenciatura en Letras de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas de la UNLPam (Argentina). En este contexto, las respuestas de los estudiantes se configuran en un aporte sumamente valioso para iluminar el hoy todavía oscuro ámbito de la enseñanza de la gramática en las aulas.

Abstract

Grammar Teaching: a Pending Debate in the Argentine Education Context

During the first half of the twentieth century the teaching of traditional grammar were not questioned, and its limitations to sentence level grammar was not under scrutiny because guidelines for discourse level analysis were still being developed. Between the 60s and 70s, Structuralism eclipsed language studies and its grammatical analysis tools began to be used at school. In the last 20 years two tendencies have oriented the teaching of grammar at school: either by not teaching it at all, or by replacing sentence grammar by lingüistic/text grammar and/or discourse analysis. In this context, this paper aims to investigate the role and the relevance of teaching Spanish grammar content in the Argentine educational system. In order to do so, we should first ask ourselves if there is solid ground to eliminate traditional grammar teaching; and secondly, if it is proper to teach textbook grammar without a sentence grammar basis. So as to answer these questions, we used a survey completed by students attending Gramática I del Profesorado y la Licenciatura en Letras de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas de la UNLPam (Argentina). In this context, the students’ answers have provided an extremely valuable contribution to illuminate the rather dark field of teaching grammar in classrooms.

This paper examines the various processes by which the Spanish female writer faces the male world of the avant-garde period and how they struggle to join its literary movement. First, I analyze the figure of Rosa Chacel, one of the few female writers considered by the (male) literary canon of the time, and her novel Estación. Ida y Vuelta (1930). Next, I study the case of Concha Méndez, one of the most neglected “modernas”, and her play El personaje presentido (1931). The choice of these two writers and their works refers to the fact that each draw different mechanisms to establish an affiliation with the cultural movement. While Chacel´s novel illustrates her great literary and intellectual capacity through a narrative voice that undergoes a process of masculinization, Méndez´s play is a clear expression of the modern woman who subverts the patriarchal model of femininity and takes a more “virile” picture.

The aim of this paper is to analyze how Andean female identities are represented in the narratives by the Peruvian writer and journalist Jaime Bayly, arguing that these female characters continue being stereotyped and represented as the occupiers of the lowest and lowered positions in society: in the domestic sphere, they are the maids; in the street, the whores; and in the mountains, they keep being portrayed as savage, dirty, drunkards and immoral. More precisely, it is my main focus to question the importance of how fair the representations of the female indigenous characters are in Bayly’s novels, considering their popularity and international renown. Also, the novelty in the treatment of the Peruvian male middle-class homosexual will be emphasized but also the relation of domination and the lack of solidarity between this subject, frequently discriminated due to his sexuality, and the “chola”, commonly discriminated due to her gender, ethnicity and social class. Finally, it will be examined how in the current Perú, especifically in Lima, the “problema del indio”, although deriving from ethnicity questions, is more an issue of economic matters, class and social status, culture and cultural practices, language, geography, education and even personal questions.In short, the traditional lack of the Andean women‘s voice in the history of Peruvian literature and their unfair and unreal representation continue to occur in Jaime Bayly’s narratives.

In his novel Tantas veces Pedro, the Peruvian author Alfredo Bryce Echenique employs the tools of metafiction in order to parody the hagiographic genre and the Bible, thus mocking the Catholic religion. In order to prove this hypothesis, this work combines the theories of metafiction and parody established by theorist Linda Hutcheon with the concept of hagiography or “life of a saint”. Along with this combination, this work explores the history of Peruvian literature, paying particular attention to its long hagiographical tradition. By joining all these ideas, one can see how this work of Bryce Echenique’s is a humorous parody of religious writing and, thus, a mockery of the religion itself.

After reviewing the treatment of space in the Cuban novels written after 1959, this paper examines the dichotomous representation of two cities, Havana and Miami, as ideological symbols and the rise of a transitional novelistic movement with Prisionero del agua by Alexis Díaz Pimienta.