2024-03-29T06:37:17Z
http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/do/oai/
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1003
2009-05-16T00:36:44Z
publication:physpharm
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:physpharmpub
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
18431477
Distinct Haptic Cues Do Not Reduce Interference When Learning to Reach in Multiple Force Fields
Cothros, Nicholas
Wong, Jeremy
Gribble, Paul L.
Article
2008-04-23T07:00:00Z
Force field learning
Haptic cue
Motor skill
Cognitive Psychology
Neurosciences
Background: Previous studies of learning to adapt reaching movements in the presence of novel forces show that learning
multiple force fields is prone to interference. Recently it has been suggested that force field learning may reflect learning to
manipulate a novel object. Within this theoretical framework, interference in force field learning may be the result of static
tactile or haptic cues associated with grasp, which fail to indicate changing dynamic conditions. The idea that different
haptic cues (e.g. those associated with different grasped objects) signal motor requirements and promote the learning and
retention of multiple motor skills has previously been unexplored in the context of force field learning.
Methodology/Principle Findings: The present study tested the possibility that interference can be reduced when two
different force fields are associated with differently shaped objects grasped in the hand. Human subjects were instructed to
guide a cursor to targets while grasping a robotic manipulandum, which applied two opposing velocity-dependent curl
fields to the hand. For one group of subjects the manipulandum was fitted with two different handles, one for each force
field. No attenuation in interference was observed in these subjects relative to controls who used the same handle for both
force fields.
Conclusions/Significance: These results suggest that in the context of the present learning paradigm, haptic cues on their
own are not sufficient to reduce interference and promote learning multiple force fields.
Published as: Cothros N, Wong J, Gribble PL (2008) Distinct Haptic Cues Do Not Reduce Interference when Learning to Reach in Multiple Force Fields. PLoS ONE 3(4): e1990. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001990
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/4
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1000
2009-05-23T01:15:28Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Maternal Behaviour Q-sort
Pederson, David R.
Moran, Greg
Bento, Sandi
Manual
1999-05-01T07:00:00Z
Maternal Behaviour Q-sort
Developmental Psychology
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1001
2009-05-23T01:17:12Z
publication:psychiatrypub
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
publication:psychiatry
Classifying Mother-Toddler Attachment Relationships in the Interesting-but-scary Paradigm: Scoring System for Interactive Behaviour
Forbes, Lindsey
Bento, Sandi
DeOliveira, Carey Anne
Report
2003-01-01T08:00:00Z
Mother-toddler attachment relationships
Developmental Psychology
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/2
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1002
2009-07-26T19:30:05Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
15314012
Attachment Representations of Deaf Adults
Chovaz McKinnon, Cathy
Moran, Greg
Pederson, David
Article
2004-10-01T07:00:00Z
Adult Attachment Interview
Deaf adult
Mother-toddler attachment relationships
The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education
The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education
9
4
366
386
Developmental Psychology
The primary goal of this study was to examine the feasibility of using the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) with 50 culturally Deaf adults. Modifications to the standard protocol included using a visual-spatial language (American Sign Language) rather than a spoken language (English), as well as coding and procedural variations from the standardized protocol. Results suggested that the adapted AAI interview and coding processes provided an effective assessment of the state of mind regarding the attachment of Deaf individuals. The expectation that Deaf participants would be less coherent in their AAI transcripts and therefore less likely than hearing individuals to be classified as Autonomous was not supported. The distribution of the classifications of this Deaf sample was not different from existing normative distributions. Moreover, there was no evidence that early separation from parents associated with attendance at a residential school for the Deaf resulted in attachment formations with residential counselors or teachers at the school.
Published in: The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 2004 9(4):366-386; doi:10.1093/deafed/enh043
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/3
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:biophysicspub-1000
2009-05-23T01:29:06Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:biophysics
publication:psychology
publication:biophysicspub
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
18405370
The Effect of Forearm Posture on Wrist Flexion in Computer Workers with Chronic Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders
Burgess, Ronald A.
Thompson, R. Terry
Rollman, Gary B.
Article
2008-04-11T07:00:00Z
Upper extremity musculoskeletal disorder
UEMSD
Wrist flexion
Forearm posture
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
9
47
Medical Biophysics
Musculoskeletal, Neural, and Ocular Physiology
Background: Occupational computer use has been associated with upper extremity
musculoskeletal disorders (UEMSDs), but the etiology and pathophysiology of some of these
disorders are poorly understood. Various theories attribute the symptoms to biomechanical and/
or psychosocial stressors. The results of several clinical studies suggest that elevated antagonist
muscle tension may be a biomechanical stress factor. Affected computer users often exhibit limited
wrist range of motion, particularly wrist flexion, which has been attributed to increased extensor
muscle tension, rather than to pain symptoms. Recreational or domestic activities requiring
extremes of wrist flexion may produce injurious stress on the wrist joint and muscles, the
symptoms of which are then exacerbated by computer use. As these activities may involve a variety
of forearm postures, we examined whether changes in forearm posture have an effect on pain
reports during wrist flexion, or whether pain would have a limiting effect on flexion angle.
Methods: We measured maximum active wrist flexion using a goniometer with the forearm
supported in the prone, neutral, and supine postures. Data was obtained from 5 subjects with
UEMSDs attributed to computer use and from 13 control subjects.
Results: The UEMSD group exhibited significantly restricted wrist flexion compared to the control
group in both wrists at all forearm postures with the exception of the non-dominant wrist with the
forearm prone. In both groups, maximum active wrist flexion decreased at the supine forearm
posture compared to the prone posture. No UEMSD subjects reported an increase in pain
symptoms during testing.
Conclusion: The UEMSD group exhibited reduced wrist flexion compared to controls that did
not appear to be pain related. A supine forearm posture reduced wrist flexion in both groups, but
the reduction was approximately 100% greater in the UEMSD group. The effect of a supine forearm
posture on wrist flexion is consistent with known biomechanical changes in the distal extensor
carpi ulnaris tendon that occur with forearm supination. We infer from these results that wrist
extensor muscle passive tension may be elevated in UEMSD subjects compared to controls,
particularly in the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle. Measuring wrist flexion at the supine forearm
posture may highlight flexion restrictions that are not otherwise apparent.
Published in: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2008, 9:47 (doi:10.1186/1471-2474-9-47). The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2474/9/47
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/biophysicspub/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:nursingpub-1005
2009-06-19T05:28:09Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:nursing
publication:psychology
publication:nursingpub
publication:fims
publication:fimspub
publication:faculties
Negative Social Experiences of University and College Students
Tremblay, Paul
Harris, Roma
Berman, Helene
MacQuarrie, Barb
Hutchinson, Gail
Smith, Mary Ann
Braley, Susan
Jelley, Jennifer
Dearlove, Kristen
Article
2008-09-01T07:00:00Z
University students
School violence
Social conflict
Impact analysis
Canadian Journal of Higher Education
Canadian Journal of Higher Education
38
3
57
75
Education
Student Counseling and Personnel Services
In this article we investigate Canadian university and college students' interpersonal conflicts and exposure to abuse and violence during their postsecondary studies and assess the emotional, social, and academic impact of these experiences. Our findings, based on a sample 1174 university and college students in Southwestern Ontario, revealed that although most of the incidents reported were verbal in nature and had relatively little emotional or academic impact, a small proportion of students reported experiencing serious violent incidents including sexual assault or rape, and these incidents have had a significant impact on their lives. Female students living on their own reported greater impact of negative social experiences than those who were living in college or university residences. In addition, students who reported conflicts involving institutional policies or rules, including what they perceived to be unfair workloads or grading practices, indicated that such experiences had a negative impact on their academic performance. We discuss these findings in the context of maintaining safe, healthy climates on university and college campuses.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/nursingpub/5
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1012
2009-08-11T00:48:12Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
16818417
Unresolved States of Mind, Anomalous Parental Behavior, and Disorganized Attachment: A Review and Meta-analysis of a Transmission Gap
Madigan, Sheri
Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J.
Van Ijzendoorn, Marinus H.
Moran, Greg
Pederson, David R.
Benoit, Diane
Article
2006-06-01T07:00:00Z
Attachment
parental behavior
meta-analysis
Attachment & Human Development
Attachment & Human Development
8
2
89
111
Developmental Psychology
The current meta-analysis examines the links between unresolved representations of attachment, anomalous parental behavior, and disorganized attachment relationships in 12 studies including 851 families. We found moderate effect sizes for the associations between unresolved states of mind and anomalous behavior (r = .26), unresolved states of mind and infant disorganized attachment relationships (r = .21), and anomalous behavior and disorganized attachment relationships (r = .34). Sample characteristics, observational context, and observational measure were not associated with differences in effect sizes. Only a small part of the association between unresolved states of mind and disorganized attachment relationships was explained by the mediation of anomalous parental behavior (.26* .34 = .09). Other factors yet to be uncovered must mediate the influence of unresolved states of mind on infant disorganized attachment; thus, further exploration of infant, parental, ecological, and genetic factors are warranted.
Published in: Attachment & Human Development, Volume 8, Issue 2 June 2006 , pages 89 - 111. doi: 10.1080/14616730600774458
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/6
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1007
2009-08-11T00:44:31Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
18282606
Both Maternal Sensitivity and Atypical Maternal Behavior Independently Predict Attachment Security and Disorganization in Adolescent Mother–infant Relationships
Moran, Greg
Forbes, Lindsey
Evans, Elspeth
Tarabulsy, George M.
Madigan, Sheri
Article
2008-04-01T07:00:00Z
Atypical maternal behavior
Attachment relationships
Mother–infant interactions
High-risk adolescent mothers
Infant Behavior and Development
Infant Behavior and Development
31
2
321
325
Developmental Psychology
Extant theory holds that variation in attachment security is largely determined by caregiver sensitivity whereas disorganization has its roots in atypical interactions that frighten the infant. These hypotheses were confirmed in the current study of a high-risk sample but, contrary to current theory, both atypical maternal behavior and maternal sensitivity were also significant independent predictors of attachment disorganization and security.
Published in: Infant Behavior and Development
Volume 31, Issue 2, April 2008, Pages 321-325. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2007.12.012
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/11
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1008
2009-08-11T00:45:35Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Unresolved Maternal Attachment Representations, Disrupted Maternal Behavior and Disorganized Attachment in Infancy: Links to Toddler Behavior Problems
Madigan, Sheri
Moran, Greg
Schuengel, Carlo
Pederson, David R.
Otten, Roy
Article
2007-10-01T07:00:00Z
Attachment
parent–child interaction
behavior problems
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
48
10
1042
1050
Developmental Psychology
Background: Attachment theory's original formulation was substantially driven by Bowlby's (1969/1982) quest for a meaningful model of the development of psychopathology. Bowlby posited that aberrant experiences of parenting increase the child's risk of psychopathological outcomes, and that these risks are mediated by the quality of the attachment relationship. To empirically examine this hypothesis, the current study explores the associations between the development of toddler behavior problems and a) maternal unresolved attachment representations, b) maternal interactive behavior, and c) infant attachment relationships. Second, we test the mediating role of disorganized attachment in the association between disruptive behavior and toddler behavior problems, as well as unresolved attachment and behavior problems.
Method: Sixty-four adolescent mother–infant dyads participated in this longitudinal study. The Adult Attachment Interview was administered at 6 months, the Strange Situation procedure was conducted at 12 months, disrupted behavior was assessed during play interactions at 12 months using the AMBIANCE measure, and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to assess behavior problems at 24 months of age.
Results: Maternal reports of externalizing problems were significantly associated with unresolved representations of attachment, disrupted maternal behavior, and disorganized attachment. Inclusion of these variables in a path analytic model suggested that disorganized attachment mediated the associations between disrupted maternal behavior and externalizing problems. Although the association between unresolved attachment representations and externalizing problems was no longer significant when mediation by disrupted behavior and disorganized attachment was taken into account, this indirect pathway was not significant.
Conclusions: The results are consistent with Bowlby's (1969/1982) original conceptualization of the explanatory role of the attachment relationship in the development and manifestation of behavioral maladaptation. Effects of unresolved attachment on externalizing problems await further explanation.
Published in: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Volume 48 Issue 10, Pages 1042 - 1050. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01805.x
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/10
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1006
2009-07-19T20:43:23Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Similarities and Differences in Mothers’ and Observers’ Ratings of Infant Security on the Attachment Q-Sort
Tarabulsy, George M.
Provost, Marc A.
Larose, Simon
Moss, Ellen
Lemelin, Jean-Pascal
Moran, Greg
Forbes, Lindsey
Pederson, David R.
Article
2008-01-01T08:00:00Z
Attachment behavior
Assessment
Home observations
Infancy
Infant Behavior and Development
Infant Behavior and Development
31
1
10
22
Developmental Psychology
This study examined the similarities and differences in maternal and observer Attachment Behavior Q-Sort ratings (AQS; Waters, 1995) and their relations to dimensions of the developmental ecology – maternal sensitivity, infant irritability, parental stress and psychosocial risk. Data was gathered from low risk (adult mothers; N = 44) and high risk mother–infant dyads (adolescent mothers; N = 83) when infants were aged 6, 10 and 15 months old, attachment being assessed at 15 months by both mothers and independent observers. A common factor was extracted from both sorts and served to operationalize the similarities between mother and observer ratings. Regressions were conducted to extract maternal and observer AQS scores that were unrelated to each other to represent the difference between the two sorts. Correlation analyses indicated that the common AQS factor was moderately linked to maternal sensitivity and parental stress, and showed a weak association to psychosocial risk and infant irritability. Residual maternal scores showed greater correlations with infant irritability and parental stress than did observer residual scores. Observer scores showed a greater correlation with psychosocial risk than maternal scores. Results suggest that common AQS variance presents a pattern of associations with ecological variables that is coherent with attachment research. Variance related to irritability, stress and risk appear to drive the differences between maternal and observer observations.
Published in: Infant Behavior and Development
Volume 31, Issue 1, January 2008, Pages 10-22. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2007.05.002
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/12
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1011
2009-07-19T21:51:09Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Understanding the Transmission of Attachment Using Variable- and Relationship-centered Approaches
Bailey, Heidi N.
Moran, Greg
Pederson, David R.
Bento, Sandi
Article
2007-04-01T07:00:00Z
maternal attachment
mother–infant interaction
attachment transmission
Development and Psychopathology
Development and Psychopathology
19
2
313
343
Developmental Psychology
The interrelations of maternal attachment representations, mother–infant interaction in the home, and attachment relationships were studied in 99 adolescent mothers and their 12-month-old infants. A q-factor analysis was used to identify emergent profiles of mother and infant interaction. Traditional multivariate statistical analyses were complemented by a relationship-based approach utilizing latent class analysis. The results confirmed many theoretical predictions linking interaction with autonomous maternal representations and secure attachment, but failed to support a mediating role for maternal sensitivity. Strong associations were found between mothers displaying nonsensitive and disengaged interaction profiles, infants who did not interact harmoniously with the mother and preferred interaction with the visitor, unresolved maternal representations, and disorganized attachment relationships. Moreover, maternal nonsensitive and disengaged interaction in the home mediated the association between unresolved representations and disorganization. The results of the latent class analysis were consistent with these findings and revealed additional, empirically derived associations between attachment classifications and patterns of interactive behavior, some of which prompt a reconsideration of our current understanding of attachment transmission in at-risk populations.
Published in: Development and Psychopathology (2007), 19: 313-343. doi:10.1017/S0954579407070162
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/7
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1010
2009-07-19T21:29:15Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
17517015
Change in Atypical Maternal Behavior Predicts Change in Attachment Disorganization From 12 to 24 Months in a High-Risk Sample
Forbes, L. M.
Evans, E. M.
Moran, G.
Pederson, D. R.
Article
2007-05-01T07:00:00Z
Child Development
Maternal Behaviour
attachment disorganization
Child Development
Child Development
78
3
955
971
Developmental Psychology
This longitudinal study examined links between disorganization and atypical maternal behavior at 12 and 24 months in 71 adolescent mother–child dyads. Organized attachment and maternal not disrupted behavior were more stable than disorganization and disrupted behavior, respectively. At both ages, disorganization and maternal disrupted behavior were significantly correlated. Change in atypical maternal behavior predicted change in disorganization across time. The results provide substantial support for extant theories linking anomalous maternal behavior to the development of disorganized attachment. The Interesting-but-Scary paradigm, introduced in this study, promises to be a useful tool for assessing attachment and maternal behavior in toddlerhood.
Published in: Child Development, Volume 78 Issue 3, Pages 955 - 971. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01043.x
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/8
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1009
2009-07-19T21:18:43Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Childhood Maltreatment, Complex Trauma Symptoms, and Unresolved Attachment in an At-risk Sample of Adolescent Mothers
Bailey, Heidi Neufeld
Moran, Greg
Pederson, David R.
Article
2007-06-01T07:00:00Z
Childhood maltreatment
complex trauma
Adult Attachment Interview
AAI
unresolved mourning
dissociation
Attachment & Human Development
Attachment & Human Development
9
2
139
161
Developmental Psychology
Associations between unresolved attachment, abuse history, and a wide range of trauma-related symptomatology were examined in an at-risk sample (N = 62). Fifty percent reported severe childhood physical and/or sexual abuse. An independent trauma interview elicited more reports of childhood sexual abuse than the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI); conversely, the AAI elicited more reports of physical abuse. Childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, and general maltreatment were associated with unresolved status. Furthermore, sexual abuse history and general maltreatment predicted unresolved loss, suggesting that they adversely affected the integration of other emotional and/or traumatic experiences. Women classified as Unresolved reported higher levels of dissociation, confusion regarding self-identity, and relationship problems. Findings complement and extend empirical support for the theorized association between dissociative processes and unresolved attachment.
Published in: Attachment & Human Development, Volume 9, Issue 2 June 2007 , pages 139 - 161. doi: 10.1080/14616730701349721
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/9
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1005
2009-07-19T20:44:07Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Validation of a Short Version of the Maternal Behavior Q-set Applied to a Brief Video Record of Mother–infant Interaction
Tarabulsy, George M.
Provost, Marc A.
Bordeleau, Stéphanie
Trudel-Fitzgerald, Claudia
Moran, Greg
Pederson, David R.
Trabelsi, Myriam
Lemelin, Jean-Pascal
Pierce, Tamarha
Article
2009-01-01T08:00:00Z
Mother–infant interaction
Assessment
Observation
Validation
Infant Behavior and Development
Infant Behavior and Development
32
1
132
136
Developmental Psychology
A 25 item version of the maternal behavior Q-set (MBQS) was validated with 40 adolescent mother–infant dyads. Observations were made from 10 min play interactions when infants were 10 months old. Results show that the short MBQS is reliable (ri = .94), is related to assessments using the full MBQS at 6 months (r = .35), to cognitive development at 10 and 15 months (r = .48), and attachment security at 15 months (r = .34), indicating appropriate psychometric characteristics.
Published in: Infant Behavior and Development
Volume 32, Issue 1, January 2009, Pages 132-136. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2008.09.006
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/13
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1014
2009-07-25T21:17:48Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Understanding the Link between Maternal Adult Attachment Classifications and Thoughts and Feelings about Emotions
DeOliveira, Carey Anne
Moran, Greg
Pederson, David R.
Article
2005-06-01T07:00:00Z
Attachment
emotion socialization
emotion regulation
attachment representations
adolescent mothers
Attachment & Human Development
Attachment & Human Development
7
2
153
170
Developmental Psychology
The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between maternal representations of attachment, as assessed with the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; George, Kaplan, & Main, 1996), and mothers' thoughts and feelings about their own emotions and emotions emerging in their toddlers. Eighty-nine adolescent mothers completed the AAI and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977) and Katz, Gottman, Shapiro, and Carrere's (1997) meta-emotion interview for parents of toddlers. Autonomous mothers demonstrated the most open and flexible mindset around a variety of emotions in themselves and their toddlers. Dismissing mothers exhibited a tendency to minimize internalizing emotions in themselves and their children, while unresolved mothers described the most emotion regulatory difficulties.
Published in: Attachment & Human Development, Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2005, pages 153-170. DOI: 10.1080/14616730500135032
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/15
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1015
2009-07-25T21:44:48Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Attachement pendant la Petite Enfance: Commentaires sur van IJzendoorn, et Grossmann et Grossmann
Moran, Greg
Article
2005-01-01T08:00:00Z
Attachment
early childhood
Developmental Psychology
Published in: Tremblay R.E., Barr R.G., Peters R.De V., eds. Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development [online]. Montreal, Quebec: Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood Development.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/14
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1013
2009-07-25T21:07:29Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
16569168
Unresolved States of Mind, Disorganized Attachment Relationships, and Disrupted Interactions of Adolescent Mothers and Their Infants
Madigan, Sheri
Moran, Greg
Pederson, David R.
Article
2006-03-01T08:00:00Z
maternal attachment
mother–infant interaction
adolescent mother
Developmental Psychology
Developmental Psychology
42
2
293
304
Developmental Psychology
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/16
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1017
2011-05-15T22:15:59Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
On the Relation between Maternal State of Mind and Sensitivity in the Prediction of Infant Attachment Security
Atkinson, Leslie
Goldberg, Susan
Raval, Vaishali
Pederson, David
Benoit, Diane
Moran, Greg
Poulton, Lori
Myhal, Natalie
Zwiers, Michael
Gleason, Karin
Leung, Eman
Article
2005-01-01T08:00:00Z
Infant Attachment Security
Developmental Psychology
Developmental Psychology
41
1
42
53
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.41.1.42
Developmental Psychology
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/19
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1016
2009-07-26T18:35:44Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
28682506
Maternal Unresolved Attachment Status Impedes the Effectiveness of Interventions with Adolescent Mothers
Moran, Greg
Pederson, David R.
Krupka, Anne
Article
2005-05-01T07:00:00Z
Attachment
adolescent mother
Adult Attachment Interview
Infant Mental Health Journal
Infant Mental Health Journal
26
3
231
249
Developmental Psychology
Children of adolescent mothers are at risk for a variety of developmental difficulties. In the present study, the effectiveness of a brief intervention program designed to support adolescent mothers' sensitivity to their infants' attachment signals was evaluated. Participants were adolescent mothers and their infants who were observed at 6, 12, and 24 months of age. The intervention conducted by clinically trained home visitors consisted of eight home visits between 6 and 12 months in which mothers were provided feedback during the replay of videotaped play interactions. At 12 months, 57% of the mother-infant dyads in the intervention group and 38% of the comparison group dyads were classified as secure in the Strange Situation. Seventy-six percent of the mothers in the intervention group maintained sensitivity from 6 to 24 months compared with 54% of the comparison mothers. Further analyses indicated that the intervention was effective primarily for mothers who were not classified as Unresolved on the Adult Attachment Interview.
Published in: Infant Mental Health Journal, Volume 26 Issue 3, Pages 231 - 249. doi: 10.1002/imhj.20045
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/20
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1020
2009-07-26T20:09:35Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
A Response to Commentaries by Gergely and Steele on 'Emotion Socialization as a Framework for Understanding the Development of Disorganized Attachment'
DeOliveira, Carey Anne
Bailey, Heidi Neufeld
Moran, Greg
Pederson, David R.
Article
2004-08-01T07:00:00Z
Attachment
emotion socialization
emotion regulation
attachment representations
adolescent mothers
Social Development
Social Development
13
3
489
494
Developmental Psychology
Published in: Social Development, Volume 13 Issue 3, Pages 489 - 494. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2004.00279.x
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/21
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1019
2011-03-28T07:19:02Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Emotion Socialization as a Framework for Understanding the Development of Disorganized Attachment
DeOliveira, Carey Anne
Bailey, Heidi Neufeld
Moran, Greg
Pederson, David R.
Article
2004-08-01T07:00:00Z
Disorganization
Attachment
Emotion
Maternal behavior
Socialization
Social Development
Social Development
13
3
437
467
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2004.00276.x
Developmental Psychology
<p>Recent years have seen the emergence of accounts of the origins of the Disorganized attachment relationship in early mother–infant interaction, each building on the pioneering work of Main and Hesse—dysfunctional emotional processes figure prominently in all these accounts. This paper applies a framework based on two complementary theories of emotion socialization, Gianino and Tronick's (1992) Mutual Regulation Model and Gergely and Watson's (1996) Social Biofeedback Theory, to suggest an emotion-based mechanism consistent with recently proposed models of the development of Disorganized attachment. The framework is used to generate hypothetical accounts of the role of dysfunctional emotional processes and maladaptive emotion socialization in early mother–infant interaction in the development of Disorganized attachment along two distinct pathways, one associated with actual abuse of the infant and the other associated with maternal unresolved trauma.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/17
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1018
2009-07-26T19:23:41Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Naive Observers' Perceptions of Family Drawings by 7-year-olds with Disorganized Attachment Histories
Madigan, Sheri
Goldberg, Susan
Moran, Greg
Pederson, David R.
Article
2004-09-01T07:00:00Z
Attachment Disorganization
Family Drawings
Attachment & Human Development
Attachment & Human Development
6
3
223
239
Developmental Psychology
Previous research has succeeded in distinguishing among drawings made by children with histories of organized attachment relationships (secure, avoidant, and resistant); however, drawings of children with histories of disorganized attachment have yet to be systematically investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether naive observers would respond differentially to family drawings of 7-year-olds who were classified in infancy as disorganized vs. organized. Seventy-three undergraduate students from one university and 78 from a second viewed 50 family drawings of 7-year-olds (25 by children with organized infant attachment and 25 by children with disorganized infant attachment). Participants were asked to (1) circle the emotion that best described their reaction to the drawings and (2) rate the drawings on 6 bipolar scales. Drawings from children classified as disorganized in infancy evoked positive emotion labels less often and negative emotion labels more often than those children classified as organized. Furthermore, drawings from children classified as disorganized in infancy received higher ratings on scales for disorganization, carelessness, family chaos, bizarreness, uneasiness, and dysfunction. These data indicate that naive observers are relatively successful in distinguishing selected features of drawings by children with histories of disorganized vs. organized attachment.
Published in: Attachment & Human Development, Volume 6, Issue 3 September 2004 , pages 223 - 239. doi: 10.1080/14616730412331281548
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/18
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:nursingpub-1041
2009-08-23T19:33:03Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:nursing
publication:psychology
publication:nursingpub
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
19423988
Context Matters: The Impact of Unit Leadership and Empowerment on Nurses’ Organizational Commitment
Laschinger, Heather K. Spence
Finegan, Joan
Wilk, Piotr
Article
2009-05-01T07:00:00Z
Leadership
Empowerment
Nursing
Organizational Commitment
The Journal of Nursing Administration
The Journal of Nursing Administration
39
5
228
235
Industrial and Organizational Psychology
Nursing
Objective: The aim of this study was to test a multilevel model linking unit-level leader-member exchange quality and structural empowerment to nurses' psychological empowerment and organizational commitment at the individual level of analysis.
Background: Few studies have examined the contextual effects of unit leadership on individual nurse outcomes. Workplace empowerment has been related to retention outcomes such as organizational commitment in several studies, but few have studied the impact of specific unit characteristics within which nurses work on these outcomes.
Methods: We surveyed 3,156 nurses in 217 hospital units to test the multilevel model.
Results: A multilevel path analysis revealed significant individual and contextual effects on nurses' organizational commitment. Both unit-level leader-member exchange quality and structural empowerment had significant direct effects on individual-level psychological empowerment and organizational commitment. Psychological empowerment mediated the relationship between core self-evaluations and organizational commitment at the individual level of analysis.
Conclusions: The contextual effects of positive supervisor relationships and their influence on empowering working conditions at the unit level and, subsequently, nurses' organizational commitment highlight the importance of leadership for creating conditions that result in a committed nursing workforce.
Published in: The Journal of Nursing Administration, May 2009, Volume 39, Issue 5, pp 228-235. doi: 10.1097/NNA.0b013e3181a23d2b
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/nursingpub/37
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:nursingpub-1045
2009-08-23T19:35:44Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:nursing
publication:psychology
publication:nursingpub
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
18558930
Situational and Dispositional Predictors of Nurse Manager Burnout: A time-lagged Analysis
Laschinger, Heather K. Spence
Finegan, Joan
Article
2008-07-01T07:00:00Z
burnout
core self-evaluation
effort reward imbalance
nurse manager
survey
Journal of Nursing Management
Journal of Nursing Management
16
5
601
607
Nursing
Background: Burnout among nurses is a serious condition that threatens their own health and that of their patients. In current health care settings, nurses are particularly at risk for burnout given the increased patient acuity and the worsening nursing shortage.
Aim: This study examined the influence of effort-reward imbalance, a situational variable, and core self-evaluation, a dispositional variable, on nurse managers' burnout levels over a 1-year period.
Methods: A predictive longitudinal survey design was used to examine the relationships described in the model. One hundred and thirty-four nurse managers responded to a mail survey at two points in time.
Results: As hypothesized, both personal and situational factors influenced nurse manager burnout over a 1-year time frame. Although burnout levels at Time 1 accounted for significant variance in emotional exhaustion levels 1 year later (β = 0.355), nurses' effort-reward imbalance (β = 0.371) and core self-evaluations (β = −0.166) explained significant additional amounts of variance in burnout 1 year later.
Conclusion: Both personal and situational factors contribute to nurse manager burnout over time.
Implications for nursing management: Managers must consider personal and contextual factors when creating work environments that prevent burnout and foster positive health among nurses at work.
Published in: Journal of Nursing Management,
Volume 16 Issue 5, Pages 601 - 607. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2008.00904.x
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/nursingpub/42
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1021
2009-08-03T22:12:35Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
The Similarity of Siblings' Attachments to Their Mother
van IJzendoorn, Marinus H.
Moran, Greg
Belsky, Jay
Pederson, David
Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J.
Kneppers, Kirstie
Article
2000-07-01T07:00:00Z
maternal attachment
siblings
Child Development
Child Development
71
4
1086
1098
Developmental Psychology
Do siblings develop similar attachment relationships with their mother? Attachment theory suggests that brothers and sisters growing up in the same family are likely to relate in similar ways to their parents, at least when parental attachment representations and interactive styles remain stable across time. In the current study, sibling attachment data from three research groups (from Pennsylvania State University, Leiden University, and the University of Western Ontario) have been pooled to assemble a sufficiently large sample of observations (N= 138 sibling pairs) for a detailed comparison of sibling attachment relationships. Spacing between the births, differences in maternal sensitivity, and gender of siblings were examined as possible sources of concordance of nonconcordance. Attachment security (including disorganized attachment) of each sibling was assessed with the Strange Situation procedure between 12 and 14 months after birth. Maternal sensitivity was observed with the same rating scale in a laboratory play session in one of the studies and in home observations in the others. Sibling relationships were found to be significantly concordant when classified as secure/nonsecure (62% concordance, p < .01, 1-tailed, intraclass correlation = .23) but not when further subcategorized. Maternal insensitivity to both siblings (shared environment) was associated with concordance of sibling nonsecurity. Siblings of the same gender were more likely to form concordant relationships with their mother (68%; p < .01, 1-tailed, intraclass correlation = .37) than those of opposite gender. Same-sex sibling concordance was comparable to the concordance found for monozygotic twins in earlier studies. Genetic factors may, therefore, play a relatively small role in the development of attachment.
Published in: Child Development, Volume 71, Issue 4, Pages 1086 - 1098. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00211
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/24
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1022
2009-08-03T22:22:09Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
The Relationship Imperative: Arguments for a Broad Definition of Attachment
Pederson, David
Moran, Greg
Article
1999-12-01T08:00:00Z
maternal attachment
parent-infant relationship
Journal of Family Psychology
Journal of Family Psychology
13
4
496
500
Developmental Psychology
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/23
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1023
2009-08-03T22:38:21Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
11707888
Ainsworth Revisited: An Empirical Analysis of Interactive Behavior in the Home
Bailey, Heidi Neufeld
Waters, Carey Anne
Pederson, David R.
Moran, Greg
Article
1999-09-01T07:00:00Z
attachment
maternal behavior
infant behavior
Q-methodology
adolescent mothers
Attachment & Human Development
Attachment & Human Development
1
2
191
216
Developmental Psychology
Naturalistic assessment of maternal and infant interactive behavior using q-sorts has typically focused on rationally derived variables, such as maternal sensitivity and infant security. In the current study, behavior profiles characteristic of groups of young and adult mothers and their infants were derived empirically through q-factor analysis of the Maternal Behavior Q-sort (Version 3.0) and the Attachment Q-sort (Version 3.0). A three-factor solution best described the behavior profiles characteristic of young mothers. The identified factors were labeled: 'ignoring/neglecting versus interacting', 'accepting versus hostile/rejecting', and 'interfering'. The behavior of adult mothers was less variable and was described with only one factor, which corresponded to the 'accepting versus hostile/rejecting' factor. The factor solutions for infants of young and adult mothers were similar, with four identified factors, or behavioral profiles, discriminating between groups of infants with similar patterns of behavior: 'secure with mother', 'prefers visitor', 'socially withdrawn' and 'demanding with mother'. Infants of young and adult mothers differed with regard to their mean values on the first two identified factors. Results provide support for the relevance of rationally derived domains and criterion sorts in populations of both adult and young mothers, and suggest ways of progressing beyond the currently used, rationally derived variables in assessments of maternal and infant behavior in high- and low-risk populations.
Published in: Attachment & Human Development, Volume 1, Issue 2, September 1999 , pages 191 - 216. doi: 10.1080/14616739900134231
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/22
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:nursingpub-1084
2009-09-07T00:06:33Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:nursing
publication:psychology
publication:nursingpub
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
18469619
Nursing Professional Practice Environments: Setting the Stage for Constructive Conflict Resolution and Work Effectiveness
Siu, Heidi
Spence Laschinger, Heather K.
Finegan, Joan
Article
2008-05-01T07:00:00Z
Adult
Aged
Analysis of Variance
Attitude of Health Personnel
Conflict (Psychology)
Cooperative Behavior
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Health Facility Environment
Hospitals
Community
Humans
Interprofessional Relations
Male
Middle Aged
Models
Nursing
Models
Psychological
Negotiating
Nursing Methodology Research
Nursing Staff
Hospital
Ontario
Organizational Culture
Power (Psychology)
Professional Competence
Self Assessment (Psychology)
Social Support
Workplace
Journal of Nursing Administration
Journal of Nursing Administration
38
5
250
257
Nursing
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of nurses' perceived professional practice environment on their quality of nursing conflict management approaches and ultimately their perceptions of unit effectiveness from the perspective of Deutsch's theory of constructive conflict management.
Background: Rising reports of hostility and conflict among Canadian nurses are a concern to nurses' health and the viability of effective patient care delivery. However, research on the situational factors that influence nurses' ability to apply effective conflict resolution skills that lead to positive results in practice is limited.
Methods: A nonexperimental, predictive design was used in a sample of 678 registered nurses working in community hospitals within a large metropolitan area in Ontario.
Results: The results supported a modified version of the hypothesized model [chi2(1) = 16.25, Goodness of Fit = 0.99, Comparative Fit Index = 0.98, Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation = 0.15] linking professional practice environment and core self-evaluation to nurses' conflict management and, ultimately, unit effectiveness. Professional practice environment, conflict management, and core-self evaluation explained approximately 46.6% of the variance in unit effectiveness.
Conclusion: Positive professional practice environments and high core self-evaluations predicted nurses' constructive conflict management and, in turn, greater unit effectiveness.
Published in: The Journal of Nursing Administration, May 2008, Volume 38, Issue 5, pp 250-257. doi: 10.1097/01.NNA.0000312772.04234.1f
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/nursingpub/64
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:nursingpub-1092
2009-10-22T16:29:36Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:nursing
publication:psychology
publication:nursingpub
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
18492634
The Key to Me: Seniors' Perceptions of Relationship-Building with In-Home Service Providers
Gantert, Thomas W.
McWilliam, Carol L.
Ward-Griffin, Catherine
Allen, Natalie J.
Article
2008-04-01T07:00:00Z
Older people
Home care
Canada
Canadian Journal on Aging
Canadian Journal on Aging
27
1
23
34
Nursing
Changing demographics and hospital downsizing have placed increasing demands on the home care sector. Many of those receiving in-home care are seniors whose chronic conditions require a collaborative approach. Both providers' paternalistic orientations toward senior clients and seniors' passivity within provider-client interactions have the potential to undermine relationship building. While the former has been documented, how seniors perceive relationship building within the home has received little attention. The purpose of this study was to explore seniors' perspectives on relationship building with in-home providers, focusing particularly on the facilitators of and barriers to this experience. Applying interpretive phenomenology, in-depth interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of senior clients and an immersion/crystallization analysis strategy was used to elicit the findings. Findings revealed that seniors perceived relationship building as a dynamic process that encompassed facilitators and barriers at both individual and contextual levels. The interpretive findings afford several insights into building provider-client relationships within the in-home context.
Published in: Canadian Journal on Aging, Volume 27, Number 1, Spring 2008, pp. 23-34. DOI: 10.1353/cja.0.0004
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/nursingpub/89
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1026
2009-08-22T22:32:46Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Similarities and Differences in Mothers’ and Observers’ Descriptions of Attachment Behaviours
Tarabulsy, George M.
Avgoustis, Effie
Phillips, Jennifer
Pederson, David R.
Moran, Greg
Article
1997-10-01T07:00:00Z
Attachment behavior
International Journal of Behavioral Development
International Journal of Behavioral Development
21
3
599
619
Developmental Psychology
This report concerns the similarities and differences between maternal and observer Attachment Q-Set (AQS) security scores for 41 preterm and 38 fullterm infants. The following variables were assessed: maternal sensitivity (8 months); parental stress (8 months); mother- and observer-derived AQS measures of attachment security and dependency (12 months); and infant temperament (18 months). "Strange situations" were recorded at 18 months. Previous analyses of these data had shown that although mother and observer AQS security scores were correlated (r = .55), only observer scores converged with the strange situation. Two additional series of analyses were carried out. The first revealed that AQS security scores of sensitive mothers, but not those of less sensitive mothers, are correlated with those of observers. Maternal sensitivity was unrelated to the lack of correspondence between mothers’ AQS scores and strange situation classification. Second, a factor analysis of the above variables revealed that while observers’ sensitivity and attachment security scores and mothers’ security scores loaded on to a Relationship Security factor, mothers’ security ratings also loaded on to an Infant Fussiness factor. This finding suggests that although both mothers and observers focus on items indicative of security when completing the AQS, mothers may place an additional emphasis on fussiness-related items. Further support for this suggestion was found in an analysis of covariance. When variance attributed to fussiness-related items of the AQS was partialed out of the mother-derived security score, the residual mapped on to the secure/nonsecure distinction in the strange situation. However, fussiness was unrelated to the mother-observer AQS correlation, indicating that different sources of variance may be involved in the mother-observer AQS correlation and in the correspondence between mothers’ AQS scores and the strange situation.
Published in: International Journal of Behavioral Development, Vol. 21, No. 3, 599-619 (1997). DOI: 10.1080/016502597384802
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/25
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1025
2009-08-22T22:21:51Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
9779739
Maternal Attachment Representations, Maternal Sensitivity, and the Infant-mother Attachment Relationship
Pederson, David R.
Gleason, Karin E.
Moran, Greg
Bento, Sandi
Article
1998-09-01T07:00:00Z
Adult
Child Psychology
Female
Humans
Infant
Male
Maternal Behavior
Mother-Child Relations
Object Attachment
Personality Assessment
Personality Development
Q-Sort
Social Environment
Developmental Psychology
Developmental Psychology
34
5
925
933
Developmental Psychology
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/26
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1024
2009-08-22T22:12:14Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Proneness to Distress and Ambivalent Relationships
Moran, Greg
Pederson, David R.
Article
1998-01-01T08:00:00Z
Attachment
Ambivalent Relationships
Mother-Infant Relationships
Infant Proneness to Distress
Infant Behavior and Development
Infant Behavior and Development
21
3
493
503
Developmental Psychology
Mothers of preterm and full term infants completed Abidin's Parenting Stress Index at 8 months, Waters' Attachment Behavior Q-sort at 12 months, and Bates' Infant Characteristics Questionnaire at 18 months. These instruments provided assessments of fussy and difficult infant behaviors that were moderately stable over the 10 months (r's> .48). On the basis of home observations at 12 months, the infant-mother relationships were classified as secure, avoidant and ambivalent. Cassidy has proposed that infants in ambivalent relationships may have poor affect regulation. Consistent with Cassidy's view, mothers in ambivalent relationships reported more fussy and difficult infant behavior at each age than did mothers in secure or avoidant relationships. Mothers of preterm infants reported higher scores on the Child Domain of the Parenting Stress Index than mothers of full term infants. The birth groups did not differ on the 12- and 18-month assessments.
Published in: Infant Behavior and Development, Volume 21, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 493-503. doi: 10.1016/S0163-6383(98)90022-4
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/27
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1027
2009-08-24T23:54:03Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
From Maternal Representations to the First Relationship by way of Maternal Sensitivity: A Reconceptualization of the Developmental Model
Moran, Greg
Pederson, David
Article
1999-06-15T07:00:00Z
maternal sensitivity
maternal representation
Developmental Psychology
Original English version of: Moran, G. and Pederson, D. (2000). Des représentations maternelles jusqu’à la première relation par l’entremise de la sensibilité maternelle: une révision du modèle développemental. In Tarabulsy, G., Larose, S., Pederson, D.
and Moran, G. (Eds.) Attachement et développement: le rôle des premières relations dans le développement humain,
(pp. 235-267). Presses de l’Université du Québec, Sainte-Foy, Quebec.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/28
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:healthstudiespub-1000
2012-03-05T01:13:05Z
publication:healthstudies
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:healthstudiespub
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
15361256
Screening for Parkinson's Disease with Response Time Batteries: A Pilot Study
Johnson, Andrew M.
Vernon, Philip A.
Almeida, Quincy J.
Grantier, Linda L.
Singarayer, Rene
Jog, Mandar S.
Article
2004-09-13T07:00:00Z
Case-Control Studies
Mass Screening
Middle Aged
Motor Skills
Neurologic Examination
Ontario
Parkinson Disease
Reaction Time
Severity of Illness Index
BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making
BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making
4
14
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-4-14
Neurosciences
<p>Background: Although significant response time deficits (both reaction time and movement time) have been identified in numerous studies of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), few attempts have been made to evaluate the use of these measures in screening for PD.</p>
<p>Methods: Receiver operator characteristic curves were used to identify cutoff scores for a unit-weighted composite of two choice response tasks in a sample of 40 patients and 40 healthy participants. These scores were then cross-validated in an independent sample of 20 patients and 20 healthy participants.</p>
<p>Results: The unit-weighted movement time composite demonstrated high sensitivity (90%) and specificity (90%) in the identification of PD. Movement time was also significantly correlated (r = 0.59, p < 0.025) with the motor score of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS).</p>
<p>Conclusions: Measures of chronometric speed, assessed without the use of biomechanically complex movements, have a potential role in screening for PD. Furthermore, the significant correlation between movement time and UPDRS motor score suggests that movement time may be useful in the quantification of PD severity.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/healthstudiespub/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1028
2009-10-03T01:27:42Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
16441891
Color Naming Deficits and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Retinal Dopaminergic Hypothesis
Tannock, Rosemary
Banaschewski, Tobias
Gold, David
Article
2006-01-27T08:00:00Z
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
ADHD
colour perception
neuropsychology
Behavioral and Brain Functions
Behavioral and Brain Functions
2
4
Psychology
Background: Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) have unexplained difficulties on tasks requiring speeded processing of colored stimuli. Color vision mechanisms, particularly short-wavelength (blue-yellow) pathways, are highly sensitive to various diseases, toxins and drugs that alter dopaminergic neurotransmission. Thus, slow color processing might reflect subtle impairments in the perceptual encoding stage of stimulus color, which arise from hypodopaminergic functioning.
Presentation of Hypotheses: 1) Color perception of blue-yellow (but not red-green) stimuli is impaired in ADHD as a result of deficient retinal dopamine; 2) Impairments in the blue-yellow color mechanism in ADHD contribute to poor performance on speeded color naming tasks that include a substantial proportion of blue-yellow stimuli; and 3) Methylphenidate increases central dopamine and is also believed to increase retinal dopamine, thereby normalizing blue-yellow color perception, which in turn improves performance on the speeded color naming tasks.
Testing the Hypothesis: Requires three approaches, including:1) direct assessment of color perception in individuals with ADHD to determine whether blue-yellow color perception is selectively impaired; 2) determination of relationship between performance on neuropsychological tasks requiring speeded color processing and color perception; and 3) randomized, controlled pharmacological intervention with stimulant medication to examine the effects of enhancing central dopamine on color perception and task performance
Implications of Hypothesis: If substantiated, the findings of color perception problems would necessitate a re-consideration of current neuropsychological models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, guide psycho-education, academic instruction, and require consideration of stimulus color in many of the widely used neuropsychological tests.
Published in: Behavioral and Brain Functions, 2006, 2:4. doi: 10.1186/1744-9081-2-4
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/29
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:nursingpub-1146
2010-02-01T02:34:52Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:nursing
publication:psychology
publication:nursingpub
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
19831054
Working It Out Together: Family Caregivers' Perceptions of Relationship-Building With In-Home Service Providers
Gantert, Thomas W.
McWilliam, Carol L.
Ward-Griffin, Catherine
Allen, Natalie
Article
2009-09-01T07:00:00Z
Family Caregiver
Relationship-building
In-home service provider
Canadian Journal of Nursing Research
Canadian Journal of Nursing Research
41
3
44
63
Nursing
Provision of in-home services to seniors involves the contributions of numerous professional and paraprofessional health-care providers but is largely dependent upon the involvement of caregiver networks consisting of friends and family members. Therefore, in-home provider/family caregiver relationships have become an essential component of care provision. However, evidence suggests that provider/family caregiver interactions often are lacking or are ambiguous and characterized by tension and power struggles. The purpose of this study was to explore family caregivers' perceptions of their relationships with in-home care providers. Applying interpretive phenomenology, the authors conducted in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of family caregivers and used an immersion/crystallization analysis strategy to elicit the findings. The findings reveal that family caregivers perceive their relationship-building with in-home providers as a dynamic process with facilitators and barriers encountered at both individual and system levels. The interpretive findings afford several insights into building provider/family caregiver relationships within the in-home context.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/nursingpub/137
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1029
2009-10-25T23:44:09Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
8706535
Expressions of the Attachment Relationship Outside of the Strange Situation
Pederson, David R.
Moran, Greg
Article
1996-06-01T07:00:00Z
Attachment Relationship
mother-infant relationship
Child Development
Child Development
67
3
915
927
Developmental Psychology
41 preterm infants and 38 full-term infants and their mothers were observed at home at 8 and 12 months of age and in the Strange Situation at 18 months in order to compare expressions of attachment relationships in these 2 settings. There was 84% concordance in the distinctions between secure and nonsecure classifications of the mother-infant relationship made at home at 12 months and in the Strange Situation. Classifications of avoidant relationships also displayed high concordance, but only 6 of the 15 dyads classified at home as ambivalent were classified in the same way in the Strange Situation. Mothers in secure relationships as assessed in the Strange Situation were rated as more sensitive at both 8 and 12 months than mothers in either avoidant or ambivalent relationships, whereas the sensitivity of mothers in these two nonsecure relationships did not differ significantly. Infants in secure relationships in the Strange Situation were characterized by more effective secure base behavior and more affective sharing and enjoyment of physical contact, and they were less fussy or difficult during the 12-month home observations.
Published in: Child Development, 1996, 67:915. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01773.x
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/30
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1030
2009-10-25T23:47:29Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Responsiveness and Dependency Are Different Aspects of Social Contingencies: An Example from Mother and Infant Smiles
Symons, Douglas
Moran, Greg
Article
1994-04-01T08:00:00Z
Contingency
Mother-infant Interaction
Social Smiling
Sequential Analysis
Infant Behavior and Development
Infant Behavior and Development
17
2
209
214
Developmental Psychology
Data from early mother-infant face-to-face interactions are used to demonstrate that a statistical association, widely accepted as the single indicator of sequential dependency between the behavior of two interactants, in fact reflects a combination of responsiveness and dependency comprising two independent aspects of the contingency environment. The derivation of these measures from behavior coded in real-time is illustrated in an analysis of the reciprocal relations between the smiling behavior of mothers and their 2- to 5-month-old infants.
Published in: Infant Behavior and Development,
Volume 17, Issue 2, April-June 1994, pages 209-214. doi: 10.1016/0163-6383(94)90057-4
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/31
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1031
2009-10-25T23:49:58Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Maternal Sensitivity and Infant-Mother Attachment in a Developmentally Delayed Sample
Moran, Greg
Pederson, David R.
Pettit, Pat
Krupka, Anne
Article
1992-10-01T07:00:00Z
Maternal Sensitivity
Attachment Security
Developmental Delay
Parenting Stress
Q-sort
Infant Behavior and Development
Infant Behavior and Development
15
4
427
442
Developmental Psychology
Nineteen mothers and their developmentally delayed infants, participants in an infant stimulation program, were observed in their homes. Observers described the infants' behavior using the Waters and Deane (1985) Attachment Behavior Q-sort and the mothers' interactive behavior with the Pederson and Moran (Pederson et al., 1990) Maternal Behavior Q-sort. The infants' therapists completed ratings of maternal sensitivity and involvement using the Ainsworth (Ainsworth, Bell, & Stayton, 1971) sensitivity scales, the Caldwell and Bradley (1984) HOME inventory, and the Bromwich (1981) Parent Behavior Progression. Maternal sensitivity scores derived from the observers' Q-sorts correlated significantly with ratings of sensitivity provided by the infant therapists and with assessments of other aspects of the mothers' behavior reflecting the intellectual quality of interactions. A significant relation with security of attachment was found only with measures of maternal sensitivity, assessed either by the same observers using the Q-sort, or as judged independently by the therapists using the Ainsworth rating scale. Thus, the mother may play distinctive roles in her infant's emotional and intellectual development. Mothers of developmentally delayed children reported that their infants presented substantial parenting difficulties, but at the same time, self-reports of stress associated with parenting were not different from normative levels. This population may provide unique opportunities for the study of the relation of parenting stress to early interaction and social development.
Published in: Infant Behavior and Development,
Volume 15, Issue 4, October-December 1992, pages 427-442. doi: 10.1016/0163-6383(92)80011-I
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/32
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1032
2009-10-25T23:55:11Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Using Personal Computers for Behavioral Coding in Real-Time: The REALTIME and TMERGE Programs
Symons, Douglas K.
Acton, Heather M.
Moran, Greg
Article
1990-10-01T07:00:00Z
REALTIME
TMERGE
behavioural coding
Social Science Computer Review
Social Science Computer Review
8
3
426
430
Psychology
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/33
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1034
2009-10-29T06:01:46Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Attachment Theory, Personality Development, and Psychotherapy
Paterson, Randolph J.
Moran, Greg
Article
1988-01-01T08:00:00Z
Attachment theory
personality development
psychotherapy
Clinical Psychology Review
Clinical Psychology Review
8
6
611
636
Developmental Psychology
Personality and Social Contexts
Attachment theory, currently a dominant theme in the study of early social development, is beginning to have a presence in clinical psychology as well. A review of the theory as proposed by Bowlby is followed by an examination of the related research literature. Research using Ainsworth's Strange Situation paradigm suggests that the infant's attachment status is a genuine product of the interaction between mother and child rather than a measure of infant temperament, and is related to a broad array of developmental variables. Relatively little research has effectively examined the link between the mother-infant relationship and adult social functioning, however, due in part to difficulties with the measurement of attachment-related constructs. It is concluded that while the theory continues to evolve and some critical issues remain unresolved, attachment may be a useful construct for conceptualizing many disorders, and has the potential to provide valuable insights regarding the process and techniques of psychotherapy.
Published in: Clinical Psychology Review,
Volume 8, Issue 6, 1988, p. 611-636. doi: 10.1016/0272-7358(88)90084-0
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/35
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1033
2009-10-27T01:27:44Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:dentistry
publication:psychology
publication:dentistrypub
publication:paed
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
publication:paedpub
3288942
The Efficacy of Hypnosis- and Relaxation-induced Analgesia on Two Dimensions of Pain for Cold Pressor and Electrical Tooth Pulp Stimulation
Houle, Manon
McGrath, Patricia A.
Moran, Greg
Garrett, Owen J.
Article
1988-05-01T07:00:00Z
Hypnosis
Analgesia
Experimental Pain
Pain
Pain
33
2
241
251
Dentistry
Pediatrics
Psychology
This study evaluated the efficacy of hypnosis- and relaxation-induced suggestions for analgesia for reducing the strength and unpleasantness dimensions of pain evoked by noxious tooth pulp stimulation and by cold pressor stimulation. The Tellegen Absorption Questionnaire was used to assess hypnotic susceptibility for 28 subjects in order to match treatment groups according to sex and susceptibility scores. Tooth pulp stimulation consisted of a 1 sec train of 1 msec pulses at a frequency of 100 Hz, applied at 20 sec intervals to the central incisor. Six stimuli, selected between subject's pain and tolerance thresholds, were presented 3 times each in random order. Cold pressor stimulation consisted of forearm immersion in a circulating water bath maintained at 0–1°C. Subjects made threshold determinations of pain and tolerance and used Visual Analogue Scales to rate the strength and the unpleasantness of both noxious stimuli before and after receiving either hypnosis- or relaxation-induced analgesia.
There were no significant differences in pain reductions between hypnosis- and relaxation-induced interventions. However, the percent reduction in both strength and unpleasantness varied significantly as a function of the type of pain. Both hypnosis and relaxation significantly reduced the strength and the unpleasantness of tooth pulp stimulation, but only the unpleasantness dimension of cold pressor pain. The pain reductions were not correlated with subjects' hypnotic susceptibility levels.
The results indicate that the extent and the quality of the analgesia produced by these cognitive-based therapies vary not only according to subjects' characteristics and the efficacy of the intervention, but also according to the nature of the noxious stimuli. Tooth pulp and cold pressor stimulation represent qualitatively different stimuli with respect to both the type of nerves activated and the mode of stimulus application. Discrete, randomly presented levels of noxious electrical stimulation to the teeth activate predominantly small fibers and produce brief pain sensations that vary unpredictably in intensity. In contrast, continuous cold stimulation to the forearm activates a variety of nociceptive and non-nociceptive fibers and produces progressive cold and pain sensations with a predictable increase in intensity from cold sensations to paresthesia and severe pain.
Published in: Pain, Volume 33, Issue 2, May 1988, p. 241-251. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(88)90096-6
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/34
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1035
2009-10-29T06:03:51Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Patterns of Maternal and Infant Imitation during Play
Moran, Greg
Krupka, Anne
Tutton, Ann
Symons, Doug
Article
1987-01-01T08:00:00Z
Imitation
Facial Movements
Early Interaction
Sequential Analysis
Infant Behavior and Development
Infant Behavior and Development
10
4
477
491
Developmental Psychology
In contrast to recent experimental studies that have sought to establish the infant's ability to imitate, the goal of the current study was to establish the actual performance of imitation by infants and their mothers during episodes of face-to-face play. Three-min play episodes of 20 mothers and their 13- to 16-week-old infants were videotaped. Instances of mouth openings, lip movements, tongue protrusions, smiling, and vocalizations by both partners were coded. Sequential analyses revealed stochastic patterns of imitation by both interactants. Mothers contingently imitated initiations by their infants and were more likely to make like initiations during action in the same category by their infants. Infants did not show onset-to-onset imitation but did show an increased likelihood to initiate actions when their mothers were engaged in a like action. That imitation by the mother is a pervasive characteristic of such interactions is consistent with earlier suggestions of its role in the acquisition of social and emotional skills. The results suggest that infants also display patterns of matching in early social interactions.
Published in: Infant Behavior and Development,
Volume 10, Issue 4, October-December 1987, p. 477-491. doi: 10.1016/0163-6383(87)90044-0
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/36
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1036
2009-11-01T07:25:45Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Applied Dimensions of Comparative Psychology
Moran, Greg
Article
1987-09-01T07:00:00Z
comparative psychology
applied comparative psychology
Journal of Comparative Psychology
Journal of Comparative Psychology
101
3
277
281
Psychology
Published in: Journal of Comparative Psychology, Vol 101(3), Sep 1987, 277-281. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.101.3.277
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/37
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1037
2009-11-05T02:30:04Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
The Behavioral Dynamics of Mutual Responsiveness in Early Face-to-Face Mother-Infant Interactions
Symons, Douglas K.
Moran, Greg
Article
1987-12-01T08:00:00Z
Behavioral dynamics
Responsiveness
Mother-Infant Interaction
Child Development
Child Development
58
6
1488
1495
Developmental Psychology
The behavioral dynamics of 3 different types of early mother-infant interactions were examined. 20 mothers were instructed to play with, imitate, and hold the attention of their 13-16-week-old infants in 3 3-min episodes. Frequency of vocalization, gaze direction, and smiling by both interactants, tactile play by the mother, and crying by the infant were coded from the video-records. Mothers were more talkative, touched their babies more often, showed more positive affect, and were more animated during play and attention-getting than during imitation. Despite these differences in maternal interaction style, infants were equally attentive to their mothers, as measured by gaze, in all 3 conditions. Sequential analyses of changes in behavior were used as indicators of the moment-to-moment responsiveness of the mother and the active involvement of the infant in the interaction. According to these measures, mothers displayed significant levels of actual behavioral responsiveness only in play and imitation episodes, and infants were actively involved only under those same conditions. Furthermore, correlational analyses revealed that the infants of mothers who were most responsive during play and attention-getting episodes also displayed relatively high levels of responsiveness. Further research is necessary to establish and identify the nature of the suggested relation between maternal responsiveness and infant involvement in interaction.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/42
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1038
2009-11-03T08:37:16Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
The Behaviour of Domestic Animals
Moran, Greg
Book Review
1986-06-01T07:00:00Z
Canadian Veterinary Journal
Canadian Veterinary Journal
27
6
258
258
Psychology
Veterinary Medicine
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/38
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1039
2009-11-04T08:01:21Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
The Behavioral Researcher and the Zoological Park
Moran, Greg
Sorensen, Linda
Article
1984-11-01T08:00:00Z
Applied Animal Behaviour Science
Applied Animal Behaviour Science
13
1-2
143
155
Psychology
Ethologists and psychologists have traditionally taken different approaches to the study of animal behavior. Recently, there has been something of a rapprochement between these two schools of the study of behavior. The range of animals and the number of groups available in the zoo for comparison provide a wealth of topics for study by the behavioralist. At the same time, the new behavioralist is perfectly equipped to make important contributions to solving the problems that the zoo faces on a daily basis. Evidence provided by limited associations to date argues convincingly that more frequent and formal cooperation between the zoo and the behavioralist promises substantial mutual benefit.
Published in: Applied Animal Behaviour Science,
Volume 13, Issues 1-2, November 1984, Pages 143-155. doi: 10.1016/0168-1591(84)90059-5
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/39
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1042
2009-11-05T02:33:23Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Long-term Patterns of Agonistic Interactions in a Captive Group of Wolves (Canis lupus)
Moran, Greg
Article
1982-02-01T08:00:00Z
agonistic interaction
wolf
Animal Behaviour
Animal Behaviour
30
1
75
83
Psychology
Agonistic interactions were recorded in a captive group of wolves (Canis lupus) for a period of 21 months. Seventy-five per cent of all interactions were accounted for by only 4 or less of a possible 28 pairs during any given period of the study. Several animals were involved in very few agonistic interactions, and in many relationships such interactions were absent. Patterns of agonistic interaction alone did not suggest social relationships or an overall social structure applicable to all group members, although some evidence of a dominance hierarchy was found. Patterns of agonistic interactions were shown to involve several independent dimensions in different relationships. Further details of an underlying social organization are likely to emerge only from long-term studies which examine several dimensions of, and the interrelations between, a wide range of social interactions.
Published in: Animal Behaviour, Volume 30, Issue 1, February 1982, Pages 75-83. doi: 10.1016/S0003-3472(82)80239-X<br>
Dr. Greg Moran is currently a faculty member of The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/43
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1040
2009-11-04T08:04:22Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. Fred H. Harrington, Paul C. Paquet
Moran, Greg
Book Review
1983-09-01T07:00:00Z
The Quarterly Review of Biology
The Quarterly Review of Biology
58
3
Psychology
Published in: The Quarterly Review of Biology, September 1983, vol. 58, no. 3. doi: 10.1086/413469
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/40
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1043
2009-11-05T02:36:57Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
A Description of Relational Patterns of Movement during ‘Ritualized Fighting’ in Wolves
Moran, Greg
Fentress, John C.
Golani, Ilan
Article
1981-11-01T08:00:00Z
wolf
ritualized fighting
relational pattern
Animal Behaviour
Animal Behaviour
29
4
1146
1165
Psychology
Schenkel (1947, 1967) was the first to describe ‘ritualized fighting’ in wolves. The current study identifies a set of movement patterns employed during such interactions. The relations between the interactants' movements and the contribution of each individual to these relations are emphasized. Three relational variables are employed to describe interactions: relative distance, relative orientation, and the points of opposition between the interactants. These variables in combination form a three-dimensional interaction space in which a single point describes the momentary state of the configuration of the wolves. The maintenance of four relative configurations plus five transitions between such configurations comprised a consistent set of behavioural patterns. These regular patterns of relational movements indicate that each interactant's movements are constrained in part by a set of rules related to the simultaneous movements of the social partner. In addition, the description of the actual movements in the environment by the individual interactants revealed role-dependent individual contributions by the two interactants to the coordination and management of the relational variables.
Published in: Animal Behaviour, Volume 29, Issue 4, November 1981, Pages 1146-1165. doi: 10.1016/S0003-3472(81)80067-X<br>
Dr. Greg Moran is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/44
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1041
2009-11-04T08:08:55Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Binocular Depth Perception in the Meerkat (Suricata Suricatta)
Moran, G.
Timney, B.
Sorensen, L.
Desrochers, B.
Article
1983-01-01T08:00:00Z
Meerkat Visual Acuity Stereopsis
Vision Research
Vision Research
23
10
965
969
Cognition and Perception
Although it has been widely assumed that mammals with frontally placed eyes have stereoscopic vision, there is actually a paucity of supporting evidence. We have measured monocular and binocular depth perception in the meerkat (Suricata suricatta), obtaining strong evidence for the presence of stereopsis. The data provide additional evidence for the generality of stereoscopic vision across many different species.
Published in: Vision Research, Volume 23, Issue 10, 1983, Pages 965-967, 969. doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(83)90006-8
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/41
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1044
2009-11-06T07:51:23Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Some Effects of Lick-contingent Delays on the Development of Schedule-induced Polydipsia
Moran, G.
Rudolph, R. L.
Article
1980-08-01T07:00:00Z
polydipsia
licking
Learning and Motivation
Learning and Motivation
11
3
366
385
Psychology
Experiments 1 and 2 examined the effects of various durations of lickcontingent delays of reinforcement on the development of schedule-induced polydipsia. Food was provided every 1 min in the absence of licking. Delays of 1 min or more effectively disrupted the development of the licking behavior. In Experiments 3 and 4 a lick-contingent stimulus was provided in addition to the delay of food delivery. A light, which was turned on by a lick and turned off by food, greatly enhanced the development of polydipsia under delays that had previously prevented such development. A tone proved less effective than the light in promoting the development of polydipsia. Adventitious reinforcement and conditioned punishment explanations of these results were considered. A distinction was drawn between the mechanism responsible for the development of schedule-induced behavior and that responsible for its maintenance.
Published in: Learning and Motivation, Volume 11, Issue 3, August 1980, Pages 366-385. doi: 10.1016/0023-9690(80)90007-7<br>
Dr. Greg Moran is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/45
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1045
2010-02-08T02:15:06Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Severe Food Deprivation: Some Thoughts Regarding its Exclusive Use
Moran, Greg
Article
1975-07-01T07:00:00Z
food deprivation
learning
motivation
Psychological Bulletin
Psychological Bulletin
82
4
543
557
Psychology
Dr. Greg Moran is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/47
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1046
2009-11-06T07:57:35Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
2083509
Maternal Sensitivity and the Security of Infant-Mother Attachment: A Q-Sort Study
Pederson, David R.
Moran, Greg
Sitko, Carolyn
Campbell, Kathy
Ghesquire, Kristen
Acton, Heather
Article
1990-12-01T08:00:00Z
Maternal Sensitivity
Infant-Mother Attachment
Q-Sort
Child Development
Child Development
61
6
1974
1983
Developmental Psychology
40 mothers and their 12-month-old infants were observed twice at home by 2 observers for 2 hours. After the second visit, the observers described the infant using the Waters Attachment Behavior Q-sort and the mother's interactive behavior with the Maternal Behavior Q-sort developed by the present authors and Ainsworth's rating scales. Maternal sensitivity was unrelated to maternal age, income, or SES, but correlated positively with maternal education. Mothers of more difficult children were less sensitive. A strong relation was found between infant attachment and maternal sensitivity as measured by the Maternal Behavior Qsort and by the Ainsworth scales. Using the Q-sort procedure, mothers of more secure infants were more frequently characterized as noticing their babies' signals and using these signals to guide their behavior; they also were more knowledgeable about their infant and appeared to enjoy them more than mothers of less secure infants.
Published in: Child Development, Volume 61, Issue 6, p. 1974 - 1983. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb03579.x
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/46
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1047
2009-12-22T06:48:53Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Balancing Objectives: Setting Tuition Fees for International Students
Moran, Gregory A.
Report
1996-01-01T08:00:00Z
international student
tuition fee
Canadian Bureau for International Education Research Series
Canadian Bureau for International Education Research Series
9
1
20
Higher Education Administration
In an era when budget cuts to post-secondary institutions are rife, many institutions rely increasingly on student tuition fees as a source of revenue. This paper examines fees and functions of differential fees, how other countries address the issue, the policy objectives associated with differential fees, and considerations for policy and practice.
This report is not available online here, but it may be available in Western Libraries. Please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check our collections.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/51
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1057
2010-02-08T01:09:40Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
A Motility-Immobility Gradient in the Behavior of the "Inferior" Wolf during "Ritualized Fighting"
Golani, Ilan
Moran, Greg
Book Chapter
1983-01-01T08:00:00Z
wolf
ritualized fighting
65
94
Animal Sciences
Published as a book chapter in: <em>Advances in the Study of Mammalian Behavior</em>. J. F. Eisenberg and D. G. Kleiman. (Eds.). The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/">WorldCat</a> to find out how you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/60
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1055
2010-02-08T01:28:03Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Social Communication Behaviour in the Meerkat
Sorensen, Linda
Moran, Greg
Article
1985-01-01T08:00:00Z
Social Behaviour
communication
Meerkat
Monographs, Working Papers and Publications of the Toronto Semiotic Circle
Monographs, Working Papers and Publications of the Toronto Semiotic Circle
1
61
68
Psychology
This article is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/" >Advanced Search</a> to check whether the journal in which this article was published is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/" >WorldCat</a> to find out how you can get access to the journal.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/58
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1051
2009-12-25T01:32:21Z
publication:fammedpub
publication:fammed
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:paed
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
publication:paedpub
19250175
The Relation between Common Sleep Problems and Emotional and Behavioral Problems among 2- and 3-year-olds in the Context of Known Risk Factors for Psychopathology
Reid, Graham J.
Hong, Ryan Y.
Wade, Terrance J.
Article
2009-03-01T08:00:00Z
Adolescent
Adult
Affective Symptoms
Aggression
Anxiety
Canada
Child Behavior Disorders
Child of Impaired Parents
Child
Preschool
Cohort Studies
Cross-Sectional Studies
Depressive Disorder
Female
Humans
Hyperkinesis
Internal-External Control
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Mothers
Parenting
Psychopathology
Risk Factors
Sleep Disorders
Statistics as Topic
Temperament
Young Adult
Journal of Sleep Research
Journal of Sleep Research
18
1
49
59
10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00692.x
Psychology
The contribution of sleep problems to emotional and behavioral problems among young children within the context of known risk factors for psychopathology was examined. Data on 2- and 3-year-olds, representative of Canadian children without a chronic illness, from three cross-sectional cohorts of the Canadian National Longitudinal Study of Child and Youth were analysed (n = 2996, 2822, and 3050). The person most knowledgeable (PMK), usually the mother, provided information about her child, herself, and her family. Predictors included: child health status and temperament; parenting and PMK depressive symptomatology; family demographics (e.g., marital status, income) and functioning. Child sleep problems included night waking and bedtime resistance. Both internalizing/emotional (i.e., anxiety) and externalizing/behavioral problems (i.e., hyperactivity, aggression) were examined. Adjusting for other known risk factors, child sleep problems accounted for a small, but significant, independent proportion of the variance in internalizing and externalizing problems. Structural equation models examining the pathways linking risk factors to sleep problems and emotional and behavioral problems were a good fit of the data. Results were replicated on two additional cross-sectional samples. The relation between sleep problems and emotional and behavioral problems is independent of other commonly identified risk factors. Among young children, sleep problems are as strong a correlate of child emotional and behavioral problems as PMK depressive symptomatology, a well-established risk factor for child psychopathology. Adverse parenting and PMK symptomatology, along with difficult temperament all contribute to both sleep problems and emotional and behavioral problems. Children's sleep problems appear to exacerbate emotional and behavioral problems.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/74
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1048
2009-12-22T06:51:35Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Approaches to Sequential Analysis and the Description of Contingency in Behavioral Interaction
Moran, G.
Dumas, J. E.
Symons, D. K.
Article
1992-01-01T08:00:00Z
Sequential Analysis
Contingency
Behavioral Interaction
Behavioral Assessment
Behavioral Assessment
14
1
65
92
Psychology
This article is not available online here, but the journal that published it may be available in Western Libraries. Please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check our collections.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/52
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1052
2009-12-22T06:45:21Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Scent Marking Behavior in a Captive Group of Meerkats (Suricata suricatta)
Moran, Greg
Sorensen, Linda
Article
1986-02-01T08:00:00Z
scent marking
Meerkat
Journal of Mammalogy
Journal of Mammalogy
67
1
120
132
Animal Sciences
This study describes the scent marking behavior of a captive group of meerkats (Suricata suricatta). Anal gland secretions were deposited most often by the leg lift movement. Both males and females marked regularly and the frequency of marking by individuals fluctuated over time. Not all prominent objects in the enclosure were consistent targets of leg lifts. Novel objects, even when identical to established marking targets, were not marked over a period of several months and the scent of an unfamiliar conspecific did not increase marking. Frequency of marking did increase after established scent posts were cleaned, when access to posts was prevented prior to an observation, and when an unfamiliar conspecific was present. The results suggest several factors that contribute to the control of anal gland marking and perhaps multiple functions for the behavior. Evidence also was found to suggest that body rubs are used to acquire odors deposited by leg lifts.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/55
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1053
2010-02-08T01:46:44Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Behavioural Description and its Impact on Functional Inference
Moran, Greg
Response or Comment
1985-01-01T08:00:00Z
Functional Inference
Behavioural and Brain Sciences
Behavioural and Brain Sciences
8
186
187
Psychology
This article is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/" >Advanced Search</a> to check whether the journal in which this article was published is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/" >WorldCat</a> to find out how you can get access to the journal.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/56
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1050
2009-12-22T00:42:02Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
The Application of the Science of Animal Behaviour to the Zoo and the Ethics of Keeping Animals in Captivity
Moran, Greg
Editorial
1987-07-01T07:00:00Z
animal behaviour
zoo
captivity
Applied Animal Behavior Science
Applied Animal Behavior Science
18
1
1
4
10.1016/0168-1591(87)90249-8
Animal Sciences
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/54
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1049
2009-12-22T00:37:14Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Computing Lag Sequential Statistics on Dyadic Time Interval Data: The TLAG Program
Symons, Douglas K.
Wright, Richard D.
Moran, Greg
Article
1988-01-01T08:00:00Z
Lag sequential statistics
dyadic interval
TLAG
Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers
Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers
20
3
343
346
Psychology
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/53
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1054
2010-02-08T01:45:02Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
The Place of Formal Description and Relational Measures in the Study of Social Behaviour and Communication
Moran, Greg
Article
1985-01-01T08:00:00Z
Social Behaviour
Communication
Relational Measure
Monographs, Working Papers and Publications of the Toronto Semiotic Circle
Monographs, Working Papers and Publications of the Toronto Semiotic Circle
1
69
78
Psychology
This article is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/" >Advanced Search</a> to check whether the journal in which this article was published is available in Western Libraries.<br>
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https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/57
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1056
2010-02-08T01:29:22Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Vigilance Behaviour and Alarm Cells in a Captive Group of Meerkats
Moran, Greg
Article
1984-01-01T08:00:00Z
Meerkat
Vigilance
Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie
Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie
65
228
240
Psychology
This article is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/" >Advanced Search</a> to check whether the journal in which this article was published is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/" >WorldCat</a> to find out how you can get access to the journal.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/59
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1059
2010-02-08T01:42:24Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Exploring the Mind Behind Unresolved Attachment: Lessons from and for Attachment-Based Interventions with Infants and Their Traumatized Mothers
Moran, Greg
Bailey, Heidi Neufeld
Gleason, Karin
DeOliveira, Carey Anne
Pederson, David R.
Book Chapter
2008-01-01T08:00:00Z
Unresolved Attachment
Intervention
371
398
Developmental Psychology
Published as a book chapter in: <em>Clinical Applications of the Adult Attachment Interview</em>. H. Steele and M. Steele. (Eds.). The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/">WorldCat</a> to find out how you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/61
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1058
2010-02-08T01:02:42Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
The Roots of Depression in Early Attachment Experiences
Moran, Greg
Bailey, Heidi N
DeOliveira, Carey Anne
Book Chapter
2008-01-01T08:00:00Z
Depression
Early Attachment
289
316
Developmental Psychology
Published as a book chapter in: <em>Risk Factors in Depression</em>. K. S. Dobson and D. J. A. Dozois. (Eds.). The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/" >Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/" >WorldCat</a> to find out how you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/62
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1060
2010-02-08T01:19:15Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Attachement et développement: Le rôle des premières relations dans le développement humain
Tarabulsy, George
Larose, Simon
Pederson, David
Moran, Greg
Book
2000-01-01T08:00:00Z
Attachment
human development
Developmental Psychology
This book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/">WorldCat</a> to find out how you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/63
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1061
2010-02-08T01:43:40Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Introduction: Comprendre le rôle des relations d’attachement parent-enfant dans le développement humain
Tarabulsy, George
Larose, Simon
Pederson, David
Moran, Greg
Book Chapter
2000-01-01T08:00:00Z
parent-toddler attachment
human development
1
24
Developmental Psychology
Published as the introduction in: <em>Attachement et développement: Le rôle des premières relations dans le développement humain</em>. George Tarabulsy, Simon Larose, David Pederson, and Greg Moran. (Eds.). The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/">WorldCat</a> to find out how you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/64
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1066
2010-02-08T01:11:03Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Dispensing with the "Fashionable Fallacy of Dispensing with Description" in the Study of Wolf Social Behaviour
Moran, Greg
Book Chapter
1987-01-01T08:00:00Z
wolf
social behaviour
205
218
Animal Sciences
Published as a book chapter in: <em>Man and Wolf: Advances, Issues and Problems in Captive Wolf Research</em>. H. Frank. (Ed.). The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/">WorldCat</a> to find out how you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/69
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1065
2010-02-08T01:22:00Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Appendix B. Maternal Behaviour Q-set
Pederson, David
Moran, Greg
Book Chapter
1995-01-01T08:00:00Z
Maternal Behaviour Q-set
247
254
Developmental Psychology
Published as an appendix in: <em>Caregiving, Cultural, and Cognitive Perspectives on Secure-Base Behavior and Working Models: New Growing Point of Attachment Theory and Research</em>. B. E. Vaughn, E. Waters, G. Posada, and K. Kondo-Ikemura. (Eds.). The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/">WorldCat</a> to find out how you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/68
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1067
2010-02-08T01:17:30Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
The Unexpected Death of a Child
Moran, Greg
Frewen, T. C.
Millar, S.
Book Chapter
1986-01-01T08:00:00Z
children
death
139
154
Psychology
Published as a book chapter in: <em>Children and Death</em>. G. H. Paterson. (Ed.). The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/">WorldCat</a> to find out how you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/70
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1068
2010-02-08T01:32:26Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Research in Animal Behaviour and the Zoo
Moran, Greg
Conference Proceeding
1982-01-01T08:00:00Z
Animal Behaviour
Zoo
AAZPA Regional Conference Proceedings
AAZPA Regional Conference Proceedings
Animal Sciences
This article is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/" >Advanced Search</a> to check whether the proceedings in which this article was published are available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/" >WorldCat</a> to find out how you can get access to the proceedings.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/71
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1063
2010-02-08T00:57:18Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
The Role of Attachment Theory in the Study of Early Mother-infant Interaction: Targeted Description and Meaningful Interpretation
Moran, Greg
Pederson, David
Tarabulsy, George M.
Book Chapter
1996-01-01T08:00:00Z
Attachment
Mother-infant Interaction
Developmental Psychology
Published as a book chapter in: <em>Child and Family: Contexts for Development</em>. R. Tessier, C. Bouchard, and G. M. Tarabulsy. (Eds.). The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/">WorldCat</a> to find out how you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/66
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1069
2010-02-08T01:39:15Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Behavioural Studies of the Meerkat (Suricata suricatta): An Illustration of an Alternative to "On-site" Research in Zoos
Moran, Greg
Conference Proceeding
1980-01-01T08:00:00Z
Meerkat
Suricata suricatta
zoo
Proceedings of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
Proceedings of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
Animal Sciences
This article is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/" >Advanced Search</a> to check whether the proceedings in which this article was published are available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/" >WorldCat</a> to find out how you can get access to the proceedings.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/72
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1064
2010-02-08T01:01:23Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
A Categorical Description of Infant-mother Relationships in the Home and its Relation to Q-sort Measures of Infant-mother Interaction
Pederson, David
Moran, Greg
Book Chapter
1995-01-01T08:00:00Z
Infant-mother Relationship
Q-sort Measures
Infant-mother Interaction
111
145
Developmental Psychology
Published as a book chapter in: <em>Caregiving, Cultural, and Cognitive Perspectives on Secure-Base Behavior and Working Models: New Growing Point of Attachment Theory and Research</em>. B. E. Vaughn, E. Waters, G. Posada, and K. Kondo-Ikemura. (Eds.). The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/">WorldCat</a> to find out how you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/67
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1062
2010-02-08T01:36:02Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Des représentations maternelles jusqu’à la première relation par l’entremise de la sensibilité maternelle: Une révision du modèle développemental
Moran, Greg
Pederson, David
Book Chapter
2000-01-01T08:00:00Z
maternal representation
maternal sensibility
235
267
Developmental Psychology
Published as a book chapter in:
<em>Attachement et développement: Le rôle des premières relations dans le développement humain</em>. George Tarabulsy, Simon Larose, David Pederson, and Greg Moran. (Eds.). The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/">WorldCat</a> to find out how you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/65
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1070
2010-02-08T01:40:40Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
A Search for Order in Wolf Social Behaviour
Moran, Greg
Fentress, J. C.
Book Chapter
1979-01-01T08:00:00Z
Wolf
Social Behaviour
Animal Sciences
Published as a book chapter in: <em>The Behaviour and Ecology of the Wolf</em>. E. Klinghammer. (Ed.). The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/">WorldCat</a> to find out how you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/73
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1071
2011-09-06T00:46:56Z
publication:med
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
publication:medpub
19516910
Categorizing Patients in a Forced-Choice Triad Task: The Integration of Context in Patient Management
Devantier, Sarah L.
Minda, John Paul
Goldszmidt, Mark
Haddara, Wael
Article
2009-06-11T07:00:00Z
Mental Health
Evidence-Based Healthcare
Non-Clinical Medicine
PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE
4
6
e5881
e5881
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005881
Medicine and Health Sciences
Psychology
<p>Background: Studies of experts' problem-solving abilities have shown that experts can attend to the deep structure of a problem whereas novices attend to the surface structure. Although this effect has been replicated in many domains, there has been little investigation into such effects in medicine in general or patient management in particular. Methodology/Principal Findings: We designed a 10-item forced-choice triad task in which subjects chose which one of two hypothetical patients best matched a target patient. The target and its potential matches were related in terms of surface features (e.g., two patients of a similar age and gender) and deep features (e.g., two diabetic patients with similar management strategies: a patient with arthritis and a blind patient would both have difficulty with self-injected insulin). We hypothesized that experts would have greater knowledge of management categories and would be more likely to choose deep matches. We contacted 130 novices (medical students), 11 intermediates (medical residents), and 159 experts (practicing endocrinologists) and 15, 11, and 8 subjects (respectively) completed the task. A linear mixed effects model indicated that novices were less likely to make deep matches than experts (t(68) = −3.63, p = .0006), while intermediates did not differ from experts (t(68) = −0.24, p = .81). We also found that the number of years in practice correlated with performance on diagnostic (r = .39, p = .02), but not management triads (r = .17, p = .34). Conclusions: We found that experts were more likely than novices to match patients based on deep features, and that this pattern held for both diagnostic and management triads. Further, management and diagnostic triads were equally salient for expert physicians suggesting that physicians recognize and may create management-oriented categories of patients.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/48
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1072
2010-02-08T02:12:42Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Academic Transformation: The Forces Reshaping Higher Education in Ontario
Clark, Ian D.
Moran, Greg
Skolnik, Michael L.
Trick, David
Book
2009-01-01T08:00:00Z
Canadian Public Policy
Canadian Education
higher education
Ontario
Educational Administration and Supervision
Higher Education Administration
This book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/" >Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/" >WorldCat</a> to find out how you can get access to the book.<br>
A summary of the book is freely available online at: <a href="http://www.heqco.ca/SiteCollectionDocuments/Academic%20Transformation%20ENG.pdf" >http://www.heqco.ca/SiteCollectionDocuments/Academic%20Transformation%20ENG.pdf</a>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/49
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1073
2009-12-21T18:39:10Z
publication:ivey
publication:rwkex
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:rwkex_researcharticles
publication:iveypub
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
28253752
Personality Perceptions of Medical School Applicants
Jelley, R. Blake
Parkes, Michael A.
Rothstein, Mitchell G.
Article
2002-01-01T08:00:00Z
Personality
Perception
Interview
Selection
Admission
Medical Students
Medical Education
Medical Education Online
Medical Education Online
7
1
11
Psychology
Purpose: To examine the extent to which medical school interviewers consider perceptions
of applicant personality traits during a semi-structured panel interview, the interrater reliability of assessments, and the impact of such perceptions on individual admission decisions.
Method: Semi-structured panel interviews were conducted with applicants to the Doctor of Medicine Program at the University of Western Ontario in London, Canada. Interviewers also provided voluntary, “research only” ratings of applicants on nine relevant personality traits. Data from 345 applicants under consideration for admission were available for analysis.
Results: Significant correlations were observed between personality ratings and important operational variables (e.g., interview scores). Applicants who were most likely to be admitted to the program were perceived as high on certain traits (i.e., Achievement, Nurturance, Endurance, Cognitive Structure, & Order) and low on other traits (i.e., Abasement, Aggression, & Impulsivity).
Statistically removing variance shared with personality ratings from interview scores resulted in different admission decisions for over 40% of the applicants. Interrater reliabilities for personality perceptions were relatively low. However, interrater reliability of the panel interview used to make admission decisions was acceptable. Nonlinear relations between personality perceptions and interview scores were also explored.
Conclusion: Some evidence was found that interviewers’ perceptions of applicant personality may affect their judgments when assigning interview ratings. Given that non-cognitive characteristics are perceived as important in the admissions process and that perceptions of personality traits have implications for decisions about which candidates to admit, suggestions for identifying desirable non-cognitive characteristics and for increasing the quality of assessments are offered.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/50
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:surgerypub-1041
2010-04-01T06:24:47Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:surgerypub
publication:surgery
publication:faculties
Twice Dead: Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of Death, Margaret Lock
Gordon, Robert
McAlister, Vivian C.
Book Review
2003-01-01T08:00:00Z
ethics of surgery
Canadian Bulletin of Medical History
20
1
211
212
History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Surgery
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/surgerypub/42
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:physpharmpub-1036
2010-10-13T00:28:49Z
publication:physpharm
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:physpharmpub
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
20935644
Cross-modal Plasticity in Specific Auditory Cortices Underlies Visual Compensations in the Deaf
Lomber, Stephen G.
Meredith, M. Alex
Kral, Andrej
Article
2010-10-10T07:00:00Z
Cross-modal plasticity
Auditory cortices
Visual compensations
Deaf
Nature Neuroscience
Nature Neuroscience
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2653
Medical Physiology
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Psychology
When the brain is deprived of input from one sensory modality, it often compensates with supranormal performance in one or more of the intact sensory systems. In the absence of acoustic input, it has been proposed that cross-modal reorganization of deaf auditory cortex may provide the neural substrate mediating compensatory visual function. We tested this hypothesis using a battery of visual psychophysical tasks and found that congenitally deaf cats, compared with hearing cats, have superior localization in the peripheral field and lower visual movement detection thresholds. In the deaf cats, reversible deactivation of posterior auditory cortex selectively eliminated superior visual localization abilities, whereas deactivation of the dorsal auditory cortex eliminated superior visual motion detection. Our results indicate that enhanced visual performance in the deaf is caused by cross-modal reorganization of deaf auditory cortex and it is possible to localize individual visual functions in discrete portions of reorganized auditory cortex.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/physpharmpub/37
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1074
2010-11-15T05:35:21Z
publication:psychiatrypub
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
publication:psychiatry
21134842
Improving Risk Assessment with Suicidal Patients: A Preliminary Evaluation of the Clinical Utility of <em>The Scale for Impact of Suicidality - Management, Assessment and Planning of Care (SIS-MAP)</em>
Nelson, Charles
Johnston, Megan
Srivastava, Amresh
Article
2010-01-01T08:00:00Z
Suicide
Suicide risk
Assessment
Prevention
SIS-MAP
Journal of Clinical Psychology Practice
Journal of Clinical Psychology Practice
1
19
26
Psychiatry
Psychology
Although a number of suicide risk assessment tools are available to clinicians, the high levels of suicide still evident in society suggest a clear need for new strategies in order to facilitate the prevention of suicidal behaviors. The present study examined the utilization of a new structured clinical interview called the Scale for Impact of Suicidality Management, Assessment and Planning of Care (SIS-MAP). SIS-MAP ratings were obtained from a group of incoming psychiatric patients over a 6-month period at Regional Mental Health Care, St. Thomas, Ontario. A canonical discriminant function analysis resulted in a total 74.0% of original grouped cases correctly classified based on admission status (admitted or not; Wilks Lambda = .749, p< 0.001). The specificity of the scale was 78.1% while the sensitivity of the scale was 66.7%. Additionally, mean total scores on the scale were used to establish clinical cut- offs to facilitate future level of care decisions. Preliminary analysis suggests the SIS-MAP is a valid and reliable tool in determining the level of psychiatric care needed for adults with suicidal ideation.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/75
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1075
2011-01-20T07:59:22Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Becoming Sensitive to Sensitivity: Lessons Learned from the Development of the Maternal Behavior Q‑Sort
Moran, Greg
Pederson, David R.
Tarabulsy, George M.
Book Chapter
2011-01-01T08:00:00Z
Maternal behaviour
Q-sort
Psychology
Mary Ainsworth conceived of sensitivity as a caregiver’s ability to perceive, correctly interpret, and respond effectively to a child’s signals of his or her desires and needs. Caregiver sensitivity figures critically in the two key hypotheses associated with attachment theory’s portrayal of social and emotional development in humans. Firstly, sensitivity in interaction with the caregiver during the first year of life is held to be the primary determinant of the quality of the attachment relationship, the foundation for future social and emotional development. Secondly, the caregiver’s own cognitive representations of her childhood experiences of being parented are believed to shape the quality of her sensitivity in interaction with her child. Given this central place in a trans‑generational model of the transmission of adaptive and maladaptive features of parenting, the reliable and meaningful measurement of caregiver sensitivity is a priority for scholar and practitioner alike. The achievement of this objective has proven to be elusive. Early attempts failed to provide measures of sensitivity that replicated early work linking it to the quality of the attachment relationship. This chapter focuses on the important insights regarding the nature of early mother-infant interaction and its assessment that can be drawn from this struggle to develop an effective assessment instrument. The Maternal Behaviour Q‑sort--combining the rigors of q-sort methodology with a focus on the conditions under which mothers and infants are observed--has proven to provide a robust assay of the quality of maternal interactive behaviour based on both real‐time observations and video records. The instrument promises to be a valuable tool for those interested in meaningfully measuring caregiver sensitivity to support both clinical assessment and outcome-based interventions.
Published as a book chapter in: <em>Maternal Sensitivity: A Scientific Foundation for Practice</em>. Deborah Winders Davis and M. Cynthia Logsdon. (Eds.).<br>
The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/" target="_blank">Classic Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br />
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/" target="_blank">WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/76
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1076
2011-01-20T23:13:46Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:faculties
Adolescent Motherhood, Maternal Sensitivity, and Early Infant Development
Tarabulsy, George M.
Moran, Greg
Pederson, David R.
Provost, Marc
Larose, Simon
Book Chapter
2011-01-01T08:00:00Z
Adolescent Motherhood
Maternal Sensitivity
Early Infant Development
Psychology
It is now well established that children of adolescent mothers are at risk for a number of
developmental difficulties. The purpose of this review is to examine the relation between the
developmental ecologies of the infants of adolescent mothers and infant attachment, language,
cognitive and emotional development and behavior problems and the possible mediating role for
maternal interactive sensitivity. Studies reveal that while mediation can be readily observed in the
context of attachment and suspected in the areas of language, cognitive and emotional development, it
is not apparent in two studies that have explicitly tested it in the context of the development of
behavior problems. Furthermore, the studies that might be best placed to address issues of mediation,
those involving intervention, demonstrate that intervention is effective and that it changes both
maternal behavior and outcome; and, it is implied that changes in outcome are the result of changes in
maternal behavior. We suggest that the theoretical and practical implications of mediation by maternal
sensitivity make it highly recommended that researchers who use both correlational and experimental
designs actively question their data for its presence.
Published as a book chapter in: <em>Maternal Sensitivity: A Scientific Foundation for Practice</em>. Deborah Winders Davis and M. Cynthia Logsdon. (Eds.).<br>
The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/" target="_blank">Classic Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br />
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/" target="_blank">WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/77
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:scsdpub-1000
2011-02-25T00:53:00Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:scsdpub
publication:scsd
publication:faculties
Short-term and Working Memory in Children with Specific Language Impairment
Archibald, Lisa M. D.
Dissertation
2006-01-01T08:00:00Z
Short-term memory
Working memory
Children
Specific Language Impairment
SLI
Communication Sciences and Disorders
Investigations of the cognitive processes underlying Specific Language
Impairment (SLI) have implicated deficits in the storage and processing of
phonological or verbal information. This thesis reports five studies that
investigated the role of short-term and working memory in children with SLI.
Study 1 demonstrated SLI deficits on measures of verbal working memory, and
short-term memory for verbal but not visuospatial information. Study 2
provided evidence that children with SLI perform at age-level on visuospatial
working memory measures. Study 3 demonstrated slower processing in the SLI
group across domains, as well as verbal storage decrements, with the greatest
deficits found for tasks tapping both of these. Study 4 found SLI deficits on
measures of nonword repetition in common use, with greater impairments on the
task that relied to a lesser extent on short-term memory. Study 5 established
more accurate recall for multisyllabic nonwords than matched single syllable
lists for all groups, although the SLI group showed different patterns of
phoneme retention. It is suggested that the combination of deficits in
generalized processing speed and verbal storage in SLI may be expected to have
a drastic and detrimental impact on learning, and provides an account of the
disorder that could encompass the range of impairments observed in SLI. The
findings also suggest that factors additional to short-term memory contribute to
poor nonword repetition in SLI.
Dr. Lisa Archibald is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/scsdpub/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1080
2011-07-13T22:55:25Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
20100609
Asymmetries in Motor Attention during a Cued Bimanual Reaching Task: Left and Right Handers Compared
Buckingham, Gavin
Main, Julie C.
Carey, David P.
Article
2011-04-01T07:00:00Z
Bimanual coordination
Attentional bias
Laterality
Handedness
Intention
Cortex
Cortex
47
4
432
440
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2009.11.003
Neurosciences
Psychology
<p>Several studies have indicated that right handers have attention biased toward their right hand during bimanual coordination (Buckingham and Carey, 2009; Peters, 1981). To determine if this behavioral asymmetry was linked to cerebral lateralization, we examined this bias in left and right handers by combining a discontinuous double-step reaching task with a Posner-style hand cueing paradigm. Left and right handed participants received a tactile cue (valid on 80% of trials) prior to a bimanual reach to target pairs. Right handers took longer to inhibit their right hand and made more right hand errors, suggesting that their dominant hand was more readily primed to move than their non-dominant hand, likely due to the aforementioned attentional bias. Left handers, however, showed neither of these asymmetries, suggesting that they lack an equivalent dominant hand attentional bias. The findings are discussed in relation to recent unimanual handedness tasks in right and left handers, and the lateralization of systems for speech, language and motor attention.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/80
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1081
2011-07-13T22:54:46Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
20933317
Bimanual Reaching across the Hemispace: Which Hand Is Yoked to Which?
Buckingham, Gavin
Binsted, Gordon
Carey, David P.
Article
2010-12-01T08:00:00Z
Adult
Attention
Functional Laterality
Hand
Movement
Neuropsychological Tests
Orientation
Psychomotor Performance
Reaction Time
Space Perception
Brain and Cognition
Brain and Cognition
74
3
341
346
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2010.09.002
Neurosciences
Psychology
<p>When both hands perform concurrent goal-directed reaches, they become yoked to one another. To investigate the direction of this coupling (i.e., which hand is yoked to which), the temporal dynamics of bimanual reaches were compared with equivalent-amplitude unimanual reaches. These reaches were to target pairs located on either the left or right sides of space; meaning that in the bimanual condition, one hand's contralateral (more difficult) reach accompanied by the other hand's ipsilateral (easier) reach. By comparing which hand's difficult reach was improved more by the presence of the other hand's easier ipsilateral reach, we were able to demonstrate asymmetries in the coupling. When the cost of bimanual reaching was controlled for the contralateral reaching left hand's performance was improved, suggesting that the left hand is yoked to the right during motor output. In contrast, the right hand showed the greatest improvements for contralateral reaching in terms of reaction time, pointing toward a dominant role for the left hand in the processes prior to movement onset. The results may point toward a mechanism for integrating the unitary system of attention with bimanual coordination.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/81
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1084
2011-07-14T04:31:50Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:brain
publication:pmid
publication:institutes
publication:brainpub
publication:faculties
19851758
Gating of Vibrotactile Detection during Visually Guided Bimanual Reaches
Buckingham, Gavin
Carey, David P.
Colino, Francisco L.
deGrosbois, John
Binsted, Gordon
Article
2010-03-01T08:00:00Z
Arm
Electromyography
Feedback
Physiological
Fingers
Functional Laterality
Joints
Movement
Neuropsychological Tests
Photic Stimulation
Physical Stimulation
Proprioception
Psychomotor Performance
Sensory Gating
Sensory Receptor Cells
Touch
Touch Perception
Vibration
Young Adult
Experimental Brain Research
Experimental Brain Research
201
3
411
419
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-009-2050-8
Neurosciences
Psychology
<p>It is far more difficult to detect a small tactile stimulation on a finger that is moving compared to when it is static. This suppression of tactile information during motion, known as tactile gating, has been examined in some detail during single-joint movements. However, the existence and time course of this gating has yet to be examined during visually guided multi-joint reaches, where sensory feedback may be paramount. The current study demonstrated that neurologically intact humans are unable to detect a small vibratory stimulus on one of their index fingers during a bimanual reach toward visual targets. By parametrically altering the delay between the visual target onset and the vibration, it was demonstrated that this gating was even apparent before participants started moving. A follow up experiment using electromyography indicated that gating was likely to occur even before muscle activity had taken place. This unique demonstration of tactile gating during a task reliant on visual feedback supports the notion this phenomenon is due to a central command, rather than a masking of sensory signals by afferent processing during movement.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/84
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1086
2011-07-14T04:41:32Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:brain
publication:pmid
publication:institutes
publication:brainpub
publication:faculties
19139859
Rightward Biases during Bimanual Reaching
Buckingham, Gavin
Carey, David P.
Article
2009-04-01T07:00:00Z
Analysis of Variance
Attention
Functional Laterality
Hand
Motor Activity
Psychomotor Performance
Reaction Time
Young Adult
Experimental Brain Research
Experimental Brain Research
194
2
197
206
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-008-1689-x
Neurosciences
Psychology
<p>Two experiments were carried out to investigate whether attention is biased toward the right hand of right handers during bimanual coordination (Peters 1981). A novel discontinuous double-step reaching task was developed, where right-handed participants executed a bimanual reach followed by a left or right hand unimanual reach. Asymmetries in the downtime between the bimanual and unimanual reach portions (the refractory period) were used to infer the direction of attention. A shorter right hand refractory period was found in the first experiment, indicating a rightward bias in attention. In a second experiment, shifting the focus of attention during the bimanual portion of the reach altered the direction and magnitude of the asymmetry in a way consistent with the attentional bias hypothesis. The role of attention during bimanual reaching, and a further programme of experimental work aimed at clarifying the nature of these rightward biases during discrete bimanual coordination is discussed.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/85
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1087
2015-05-09T16:00:32Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:brain
publication:pmid
publication:institutes
publication:brainpub
publication:faculties
21715632
Why Clowns Taste Funny: The Relationship between Humor and Semantic Ambiguity
Bekinschtein, Tristan A.
Davis, Matthew H.
Rodd, Jennifer M.
Owen, Adrian M.
Article
2011-06-29T07:00:00Z
Humour
Semantic Ambiguity
The Journal of Neuroscience
The Journal of Neuroscience
31
26
9665
9671
http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5058-10.2011
Psychology
<p>What makes us laugh? One crucial component of many jokes is the disambiguation of words with multiple meanings. In this functional MRI study of normal participants, the neural mechanisms that underlie our experience of getting a joke that depends on the resolution of semantically ambiguous words were explored. Jokes that contained ambiguous words were compared with sentences that contained ambiguous words but were not funny, as well as to matched verbal jokes that did not depend on semantic ambiguity. The results confirm that both the left inferior temporal gyrus and left inferior frontal gyrus are involved in processing the semantic aspects of language comprehension, while a more widespread network that includes both of these regions and the temporoparietal junction bilaterally is involved in processing humorous verbal jokes when compared with matched nonhumorous material. In addition, hearing jokes was associated with increased activity in a network of subcortical regions, including the amygdala, the ventral striatum, and the midbrain, that have been implicated in experiencing positive reward. Moreover, activity in these regions correlated with the subjective ratings of funniness of the presented material. These results allow a more precise account of how the neural and cognitive processes that are involved in ambiguity resolution contribute to the appreciation of jokes that depend on semantic ambiguity.</p>
<p>Dr. Adrian Owen discusses this research in the video embedded below.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/87
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1091
2011-09-06T02:54:22Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
21637750
In Vivo Dynamics of the Musculoskeletal System Cannot Be Adequately Described Using a Stiffness-Damping-Inertia Model
Kistemaker, Dinant A.
Rozendaal, Leonard A.
Article
2011-05-27T07:00:00Z
In Vivo Dynamics
Musculoskeletal System
Stiffness-Damping-Inertia Model
PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE
6
5
19568
19568
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019568
Biotechnology
Musculoskeletal, Neural, and Ocular Physiology
Psychology
<p>BACKGROUND: Visco-elastic properties of the (neuro-)musculoskeletal system play a fundamental role in the control of posture and movement. Often, these properties are described and identified using stiffness-damping-inertia (KBI) models. In such an approach, perturbations are applied to the (neuro-)musculoskeletal system and subsequently KBI-model parameters are optimized to obtain a best fit between simulated and experimentally observed responses. Problems with this approach may arise because a KBI-model neglects critical aspects of the real musculoskeletal system.</p>
<p>METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relation between the musculoskeletal properties and the stiffness and damping estimated using a KBI-model, to analyze how this relation is affected by the nature of the perturbation and to assess the sensitivity of the estimated stiffness and damping to measurement errors. Our analyses show that the estimated stiffness and damping using KBI-models do not resemble any of the dynamical parameters of the underlying system, not even when the responses are very accurately fitted by the KBI-model. Furthermore, the stiffness and damping depend non-linearly on all the dynamical parameters of the underlying system, influenced by the nature of the perturbation and the time interval over which the KBI-model is optimized. Moreover, our analyses predict a very high sensitivity of estimated parameters to measurement errors.</p>
<p>CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The results of this study suggest that the usage of stiffness-damping-inertia models to investigate the dynamical properties of the musculoskeletal system under control by the CNS should be reconsidered.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/91
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1092
2011-11-18T04:28:13Z
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:brain
publication:pmid
publication:institutes
publication:brainpub
publication:faculties
22078855
Bedside Detection of Awareness in the Vegetative State: A Cohort Study
Cruse, Damian
Chennu, Srivas
Chatelle, Camille
Bekinschtein, Tristan A.
Fernández-Espejo, Davinia
Pickard, John D.
Laureys, Steven
Owen, Adrian M.
Article
2011-11-10T08:00:00Z
Awareness
Vegetative state
The Lancet
The Lancet
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61224-5
Cognitive Neuroscience
Psychology
<p>Background: Patients diagnosed as vegetative have periods of wakefulness, but seem to be unaware of themselves or their environment. Although functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown that some of these patients are consciously aware, issues of expense and accessibility preclude the use of fMRI assessment in most of these individuals. We aimed to assess bedside detection of awareness with an electroencephalography (EEG) technique in patients in the vegetative state.</p>
<p>Methods: This study was undertaken at two European centres. We recruited patients with traumatic brain injury and non-traumatic brain injury who met the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised definition of vegetative state. We developed a novel EEG task involving motor imagery to detect command-following—a universally accepted clinical indicator of awareness—in the absence of overt behaviour. Patients completed the task in which they were required to imagine movements of their right-hand and toes to command. We analysed the command-specific EEG responses of each patient for robust evidence of appropriate, consistent, and statistically reliable markers of motor imagery, similar to those noted in healthy, conscious controls.</p>
<p>Findings: We assessed 16 patients diagnosed in the vegetative state, and 12 healthy controls. Three (19%) of 16 patients could repeatedly and reliably generate appropriate EEG responses to two distinct commands, despite being behaviourally entirely unresponsive (classification accuracy 61—78%). We noted no significant relation between patients' clinical histories (age, time since injury, cause, and behavioural score) and their ability to follow commands. When separated according to cause, two (20%) of the five traumatic and one (9%) of the 11 non-traumatic patients were able to successfully complete this task.</p>
<p>Interpretation: Despite rigorous clinical assessment, many patients in the vegetative state are misdiagnosed. The EEG method that we developed is cheap, portable, widely available, and objective. It could allow the widespread use of this bedside technique for the rediagnosis of patients who behaviourally seem to be entirely vegetative, but who might have residual cognitive function and conscious awareness.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.uwo.ca/its/brain/news/restricted/eeg.html" target="_blank">Click here</a> for a news article about this study. Two relevant videos are embedded below.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/92
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:healthstudiespub-1068
2012-03-05T00:33:19Z
publication:healthstudies
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:healthstudiespub
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
15927212
Brain Nerve Conduction Velocity Is a Valid and Useful Construct for Studying Human Cognitive Abilities: A Reply to Saint-Amour et al
Johnson, Andrew M.
Reed, T. Edward
Vernon, Philip A.
Article
2005-01-01T08:00:00Z
Brain
Cognition
Neural Conduction
Reaction Time
Neuropsychologia
Neuropsychologia
43
12
1845
1846
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.04.012
Cognitive Psychology
Neurology
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/healthstudiespub/68
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1093
2012-03-05T00:40:47Z
publication:healthstudies
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:healthstudiespub
publication:faculties
Confirmation of Correlation between Brain Nerve Conduction Velocity and Intelligence Level in Normal Adults
Reed, T. Edward
Vernon, Philip A.
Johnson, Andrew M.
Article
2004-11-01T08:00:00Z
Brain
Nerve conduction velocity
Intelligence
Normal adults
Intelligence
Intelligence
32
6
563
572
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2004.07.004
Psychology
<p>In 1992, Reed and Jensen [Intelligence 16 (1992) 259–272] reported a positive correlation (.26; <em>p</em>=.002; .37 after correcting for restricted intelligence range) between a brain nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and intelligence level in 147 normal male students. In the first follow-up of their study, we report on a study using similar NCV methodologies, but testing both male and female students and using more extensive measures of cognitive abilities. One-hundred eighty-six males and 201 females, aged 18–25 years, were tested in three different NCV conditions and with nine cognitive tests, including Raven Progressive Matrices as used by Reed and Jensen. None of the 27 independent correlations in either the males or in the females are significant at Bonferroni-corrected probability levels, but 25 of 27 correlations in males and 20 of 27 correlations in females have positive signs. The exact binomial probabilities for these results are 5.6×10<sup>−6</sup> and .002, respectively. We discuss possible reasons for the differences between the results of Reed and Jensen and our results. We also find that males have four percent faster NCVs than females with each of the three test conditions, probably due to their faster increase of white matter in the brain during adolescence.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/93
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1094
2012-03-05T00:46:46Z
publication:healthstudies
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:healthstudiespub
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
15327938
Sex Difference in Brain Nerve Conduction Velocity in Normal Humans
Reed, T. Edward
Vernon, Philip A.
Johnson, Andrew M.
Article
2004-01-01T08:00:00Z
Nerve conduction velocity
Brain
Sex difference
Normal humans
Reaction time
Neuropsychologia
Neuropsychologia
42
12
1709
1714
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.02.016
Psychology
<p>Nerve conduction velocity (NCV), the speed at which impulses travel along nerves, has been extensively determined in human peripheral nerves because of its clinical utility. In contrast, almost no studies have been made of human brain NCV. We determined brain NCVs in the visual nerve pathway for 185 male and 200 female university students ages 18-25 years. In each of three independent test conditions, we found that the mean NCV of male students is about 4% faster than in females (P < or = 0.0001 for each condition). These male students also have a shorter reaction time in each of seven different RT tests than do females, even though, on the null hypothesis of equal NCVs, we would expect males to have longer RT times because of their greater physical size. Four of these comparisons are significant at or below the 0.001 level. These males also increase their NCVs with increasing age, in contrast to females. These sex differences in NCV parallel reported sex differences in age changes in white matter in the brain. These age changes may largely explain these NCV differences.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/94
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:healthstudiespub-1070
2012-03-05T01:08:06Z
publication:healthstudies
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:healthstudiespub
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
12536163
A Role of the Basal Ganglia in Movement: The Effect of Precues on Discrete Bi-directional Movements in Parkinson's Disease
Johnson, Andrew M.
Vernon, Philip A.
Almeida, Quincy J.
Grantier, Linda L.
Jog, Mandar S.
Article
2003-01-01T08:00:00Z
Basal Ganglia
Motor Activity
Motor Cortex
Parkinson Disease
Photic Stimulation
Psychomotor Performance
Reaction Time
Severity of Illness Index
Motor Control
Motor Control
7
1
71
81
Cognitive Psychology
Neurology
<p>The effect of a precue on improving movement initiation (i.e., reaction time; RT) is well understood, whereas its influence on movement execution (i.e., movement time; MT) has rarely been examined. The current study investigated the influence of a directional precue (i.e., left vs. right) on the RT and MT of simple and discrete bi-directional movements in a large sample of Parkinson's disease patients and healthy control participants. Both patients and controls were tested twice, with testing sessions separated by 2 hours. Patients were tested first following an overnight levodopa withdrawal and again after they had taken their medication. Both patients and controls demonstrated a significant RT improvement when information was provided in advance. MT in both healthy participants and medicated patients was, however, slower with the provision of advance information, while unmedicated patients showed no significant MT effects. These results suggest that while the basal ganglia may not be involved in motor program selection, they may dynamically modulate movement execution.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/healthstudiespub/69
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:psychologypub-1095
2012-03-05T01:20:21Z
publication:healthstudies
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:healthstudiespub
publication:faculties
Age and Neuropsychological Status Following Exposure to Violent Nonimpact Acceleration Forces in MVAs
Sweeney, James E.
Johnson, Andrew M.
Article
2001-01-01T08:00:00Z
Age
Nonimpact
Conlusion
Whip lash
Head injury
Brain injury
Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology
Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology
2
1
31
40
http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J151v02n01_03
Cognitive Psychology
Neurology
<p>Performance on the Halstead-ReitanNeuropsychological Test Battery (HRB) was analyzed for 33 ind viduals, aged 20 to 69, who had been subjected to violent aceeleration forces in motor vehicle accidents . Age was considered as a continuous variable and correlated with single and compos ite HRB measures. With the one exception of the Left Neuropsychological Deficit Scale (NDS) score, agere lated de cline was consistently demonstrated by com positeHRB scores (i.e., Gen eralNDS, Right NDS, Level of Performance NDS, Pathognomonic SignNDS, Pattern NDS, Right-Left Differ enceNDS, and Halstead Impairment Index). In contrast, most single non-composite HRB measures did not refleet a substantive relation ship between age andperformance. Single-score exceptions were the Total Time, Memory and Local ization measures of the Tactual Perfor mance Test (TPT), Category Test scores, and left auditory suppression. Most significant correlations represented linear relationships, but non-lin earrelation ships with age were found for the Total and Localization scores of the TPT. In general, composite measures rather than single scores of the HRB appear to be sensitive to the effects of age invietims of nonimpact aceeleration forces.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychologypub/95
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:healthstudiespub-1075
2012-03-09T04:28:49Z
publication:healthstudies
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:healthstudiespub
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
15734670
Memory Perception and Strategy Use in Parkinson's Disease
Johnson, Andrew M.
Pollard, Carrie C.
Vernon, Philip A.
Tomes, Jennifer L.
Jog, Mandar S.
Article
2005-03-01T08:00:00Z
Psychological adaptation
Cognition Disorders
Memory
Memory Disorders
Middle Aged
Parkinson Disease
Perception
Questionnaires
Self Efficacy
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
11
2
111
115
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2004.06.005
Cognitive Psychology
Social Work
<p>Although there is growing support for the existence of memory deficits within Parkinson's disease (PD), little has been done to evaluate the extent to which PD patients demonstrate differences in their use of metacognitive strategies. In the present study, 79 PD patients (46 men and 33 women) and 49 age-matched healthy participants (19 men and 30 women) were compared on a metamemory questionnaire. PD patients reported significantly less strategy-use than age-matched controls, particularly with regards to external memory strategies (such as making lists). This suggests that auxiliary treatments such as memory strategy training might be effective in this population.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/healthstudiespub/73
839690/qualified-dublin-core/100//