2024-03-28T22:08:44Z
http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/do/oai/
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1002
2010-02-20T03:16:28Z
publication:pscpapers
Abortion in Iran: What Do We Know?
Erfani, Amir
2008-01-02T08:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 08-01
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol22/iss1/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1001
2010-02-13T02:00:35Z
publication:pscpapers
Why Should Men and Women Marry and Have Children? Parenthood, Marital Status and Self-perceived Stress among Canadians
Muhammad, Ali
Gagnon, Alain
2009-04-06T07:00:00Z
self-perceived stress
marriage
divorce
parenthood
mental health
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper No. 09-02
Based on the Canadian Community and Health Survey (2000), this study examines the stress perceived by parents and non-parents across marital statuses, adjusting for for age, education, work, income, and sense of community belonging. Results show that fatherhood increases perceived stress in all marital statuses, particularly among singles. Motherhood does not affect perceived stress among married or cohabitating women but single and postmarried
mothers endure appreciably higher levels of stress. Interactions between working and parental or marital statuses are also observed. The sense of community belonging appears as an important coping mechanism lowering stress levels. Results are discussed in the context of changing familial roles.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol23/iss2/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1003
2010-02-13T02:02:57Z
publication:pscpapers
Models of Earning and Caring: Trends in Time-use
Beaujot, Roderic
Liu, Jianye
Ravanera, Zenaida
2008-01-22T08:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 08-02
Families may be defined as people who share resources and care for each other. These earning and caring activities have undergone change, especially in terms of the de-linking of gender to their division in families. After considering the basis of change in families, in the economy and in models of earning and caring, this paper updates the average hours of paid and unpaid work of women and men, based on the time use surveys of 1986, 1992, 1998 and 2005. The focus is on gender as well as marital, parental and employment status over the life course. Total productive activity, increases for both men and women over the categories of “unmarried no children” to “married no children” to married parent.” We also identify five models of the division of work: complementary-traditional, complementary-gender reversed, women’s double burden, men’s double burden, and collaborative (or shared roles). While the complementary-traditional model is declining, it still represents a third of couples. Women’s double burden is the second largest category, representing 27% of couples in 2005, with men’s double burden representing another 11%. The shared roles account for about a quarter of couples. We propose that equal opportunities in the broader society are relevant to this change, as is social policy and the aspirations for relationships based on mutuality and sharing rather than complementary roles. Besides the push for equality of opportunity in access to education and work, there has been push for change at work in the direction of work-life balance, and change in men’s involvement in housework and child care.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol22/iss2/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1004
2010-02-25T19:42:22Z
publication:pscpapers
Low fertility Lite in Canada: The Nordic Model in Quebec and the U.S. Model in Alberta
Beaujot, Roderic
Wang, Juyan
2009-05-15T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper No. 09-03
Among the factors that are responsible for low fertility, the risks experienced by young people
are particularly relevant. In that context, it is noteworthy that fertility is rising most in Alberta
and Quebec, that is in provinces where young families have had the security of either good job
opportunities or supportive social policy.
The fertility trend in Canada has seen a low point of 1.51 in 2002, rising to a total fertility rate of
1.59 in 2006. The trends and differences are placed in the context of family and work questions, including the division of paid and unpaid work by gender. Actual and intended fertility vary especially by marital status and family structure, with lower fertility in situations of less stability. Given the concurrent models of family and work, fertility varies less by women’s work status. We summarize the changing policy context, proposing that social policy has become more supportive of families with young children, especially in Quebec but also in the rest of Canada.
The further policy support for families needs to pay attention to the heterogeneity in the
population, and thus to include subsidizing the direct costs of children, along with parental leave
and child care. Family formation will also be enhanced through approaches that reduce the risks experienced by young people, and thus the importance of employment security, job satisfaction and affordable housing.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol23/iss3/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1005
2010-04-16T00:22:34Z
publication:pscpapers
Conditions de vie durant l’enfance et longévité: évaluation d’une base de données créée à partir du recensement canadien de 1901 et de l’état civil québécois
Pilon-Marien, Laurence
Gagnon, Alain
Desjardins, Bertrand
Bourbeau, Robert
2010-01-01T08:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Depuis longtemps déjà, certains chercheurs soupçonnent un possible effet à long terme des
conditions de vie vécues dans l’enfance sur la santé et la mortalité aux âges subséquents.
Cette niche n’ayant pas été explorée pour la population canadienne, nous avons mis sur pied
un projet visant le jumelage du recensement canadien de 1901 et des actes de décès de l’état
civil québécois dans le but d'établir l’âge au décès d’enfants sur lesquels il existait des
informations socio-économiques. Le but de la présente contribution est de tester la validité
des données collectées en les comparant avec des tables de mortalité calculées à l’aide des
données de la Base données sur la longévité canadienne (Université de Montréal), ainsi que
leur viabilité en examinant des sources de biais potentiels. Parmi les biais potentiels, nous
avons évalué la possibilité d’un effet de sélection dans l’échantillon à l’aide d’une régression
logistique, dans laquelle nous avons introduit plusieurs variables explicatives de la mortalité
aux grands âges afin de savoir si elles ont à leur tour un impact sur le fait de trouver ou non
un acte de décès.
It has been suspected for a long time that early life conditions could affect adult mortality, and
scholars endorsing a life course perspective have recently reported compelling evidence for
the “long arm of childhood.” As this niche has not yet been developed in the Canadian
context, we have established a record-linkage project tracing the early life conditions of
individuals who were listed as children in the 1901 Canadian Census and Quebec’s death
records. This paper focuses on the difficulties involved in the linkage process and on how
selection biases may affect findings. First, we compare mortality patterns from our samples to
the mortality tables derived from the Canadian Human Mortality Database at the Université
de Montréal. Second, using logistic regression, we build a sample selection model for which
the outcome is whether a death record is found. Many of the predictors included in this model
(sex, urban-rural status, father’s occupation, literacy, etc.) will also be used in our future
models predicting mortality at older ages, helping us to assess potential biases and their
impacts on findings.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol24/iss1/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1006
2010-04-16T00:23:54Z
publication:pscpapers
Once Were Farmers: Occupation, Social Mobility, and Mortality during Industrialization in Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Quebec 1840-1971
Gagnon, Alain
Tremblay, Marc
Vézina, Hélène
Seabrook, Jamie A.
2010-01-01T08:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
We study men’s adult mortality and longevity by socio-occupational status during
industrialization in Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Quebec. Data were extracted from the BALSAC
database (Université du Québec à Chicoutimi), which comprehensively traces the demographic
history of the region since the beginning of the French Canadian settlement in 1840 up to the
early 1970s. Using five occupational classes and controlling for year, age at marriage, urbanrural
residence, and literacy, we found no evidence for the emergence of socioeconomic
differentials in mortality. At least until the early 1970’s, mortality in the region appears to be
driven by ‘occupational risk’ rather than ‘fundamental social causes’.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol24/iss2/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1008
2010-02-20T02:54:26Z
publication:pscpapers
Demographic Change, the Labour Force and Work-family Conflicts: The Challenge of Public Policy Adaptation
Beaujot, Roderic
2008-09-04T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper No. 08-03
Les changements démographiques (vieillissement, faible natalité et leurs conséquences) ainsi que l’évolution de la main d’oeuvre (féminisation, secteur service, phénomène 24/7) apportent des nouveaux conflits travail-famille. Dans un monde où on cherche à maximiser la participation à la main d’oeuvre et à assurer la reproduction de la population, ces conflits portent divers défis d’adaptation des politiques publiques. Nous considérons les changements dans les modèles de couples et les intérêts variés par rapport aux types de support de la société. Nous considerons les politques par rapport à divers types de familles.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol22/iss3/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1007
2010-02-20T02:49:37Z
publication:pscpapers
Models of Earning and Caring: Trends, Determinants and Implications
Beaujot, Roderic
Ravanera, Zenaida
Liu, Jianye
2009-02-20T08:00:00Z
time use
paid work
unpaid work
family models
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper No. 09-01
Families may be defined as people who share resources and care for each other. These earning
and caring activities have undergone change, especially in terms of the de-linking of gender to
their division in families. After considering the basis of change in families, in the economy and in
models of earning and caring, this paper updates the average hours of paid and unpaid work of
women and men, based on the Statistics Canada time use surveys of 1986, 1992, 1998 and 2005.
The focus is on gender as well as marital, parental and employment status over the life course.
We also identify five models of the division of work: complementary-traditional, complementarygender
reversed, women’s double burden, men’s double burden, and shared roles. While the
complementary-traditional model is declining, it still represents a third of couples. Women’s
double burden is the second largest category, representing 27% of couples in 2005, with men’s
double burden representing another 11%. The shared roles account for about a quarter of
couples.
We show that life course considerations, as well as structural and cultural factors, are
determinants of these alternative models of earning and caring. In particular, the
complementary-traditional and women’s double burdens are more likely for older persons, and
for persons with young children. Alternative models are more common when women have higher relative resources, for younger persons, and for persons living in Quebec and in urban areas. The indicators of well-being and social support show mixed results across models. Nonetheless, the shared roles model is high on measures of happiness and life satisfaction for both women and men.
We propose that equal opportunities in the broader society are relevant to the relative
predominance of models of earning and caring, as is social policy and the aspirations for
relationships based on mutuality and sharing rather than complementary roles.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol23/iss1/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1009
2010-02-20T03:20:04Z
publication:pscpapers
Panel on “Low Fertility in Comparative Perspective” at Meetings of the Canadian Population Society, University of British Columbia, 4-6 June 2008
Beaujot, Roderic
2008-09-10T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper 08-04
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol22/iss4/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1010
2010-02-20T03:05:05Z
publication:pscpapers
Is There a Trade-off between Fertility and Longevity? A Comparative Study of Three Large Historical Demographic Databases Accounting for Mortality Selection
Gagnon, Alain
Smith, Ken R.
Tremblay, Marc
Vézina, Hélène
Paré, Paul-Philippe
Desjardins, Bertrand
2008-09-18T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper No. 08-05
Frontier populations provide exceptional opportunities to test the hypothesis of a trade‐off
between fertility and longevity. In such populations, mechanisms favoring reproduction
usually find fertile ground, and if these mechanisms reduce the chances for survival in old
age, demographers should observe higher post‐reproductive mortality rates among highly
fertile women. We test this hypothesis using complete female reproductive histories from
three large demographic databases: the Registre de la population du Québec ancien
(Université de Montréal), which covers the first centuries of settlement in Quebec; the
BALSAC database (Université du Québec à Chicoutimi), including comprehensive records for
the region of Saguenay‐Lac‐St‐Jean (SLSJ) in the 19th and 20th centuries; and the Utah
Population Database (University of Utah), including all individuals who experienced a vital
event on the Mormon Trail since the early 1800s. From these databases, we extracted,
respectively, 5447, 1610, and 11395 women who survived married to age 50. Together, the
three samples allow for comparisons over time (Old Quebec versus more recent Quebec and
Utah) and space (Quebec versus Utah), and represent the largest data collection used to
assess the impact of female reproduction on post‐reproductive survival in a natural fertility
context. Using survival analyses controlling for observed and unobserved factors we found a
negative influence of parity and a positive influence of age at last child on post‐reproductive
survival in the three populations, with remarkably similar effect sizes in the three samples.
However, we found little evidence of early fertility effects. We used Heckman’s two‐stage
procedure to assess the impact of mortality selection during reproductive years, with no
appreciable alteration of the main results. We conclude our empirical investigation by
discussing the needs and the advantages of collaborative and comparative approaches.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol22/iss5/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1011
2010-02-20T03:08:57Z
publication:pscpapers
Examining the Role of Early Life Social Conditions on Adult Mortality through Historical Record Linkage: Implications for Contemporary Public Policy
Bohnert, Nora
Gagnon, Alain
2008-10-22T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper No. 08-06
This study examines the effect of early life conditions on adult mortality. The individual,
household and community details of children residing in Quebec in 1901 are linked to their
subsequent ages at death in late adulthood using the 1901 Canadian Census and Quebec death
registers. Preliminary results of logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression
analyses indicate that childhood poverty status is not significantly associated with risk of death
after age forty. Sex, birth cohort, parental literacy status, farm status and number of siblings in
the childhood household are found to significantly effect mortality after age 40. Gender
differentials in the role of early life conditions are found, with males being affected by a greater
number of childhood conditions than females. A forthcoming updated analysis will contain
approximately 3-4 times the amount of cases available for the preliminary analyses.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol22/iss6/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1012
2010-02-23T22:53:21Z
publication:pscpapers
Determinants of Attitudes toward Having Children outside Marriage
Erfani, Amir
Beaujot, Roderic
2007-03-01T08:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 07-01
In the context of low fertility and a high proportion of persons who are not living in
marital unions, it is important to study the attitudes toward having children outside of
marriage. Based on a sample from Oxford and Middlesex counties in Ontario, Canada,
we find that there are more positive attitudes toward having children outside of marriage
for persons who have a more liberal orientation to gender division of labour and to
cohabitation, those who are less religious, have smaller ideal family size, and where the
first relationship was a cohabiting union. While the relation was not significant, there
were also more positive attitudes toward non-marital childbearing for respondents whose
parents experienced cohabitation or marital dissolution. The effect of having full-time
employment differed by gender: women who had full-time employment were more likely
to favour non-marital childbearing, but the opposite holds for men.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol21/iss1/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1013
2010-02-24T01:31:30Z
publication:pscpapers
Toward an HRSDC Family Research Framework
Beaujot, Roderic
Ravanera, Zenaida
Burch, Thomas K.
2007-03-01T08:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 07-02
Within the context of Human Resources and Social Development Canada’s Knowledge Plan 2005-2008, this paper presents:
• an overview of recent changes in the family, their interpretation and implications;
• a proposed framework for research on families based on the concepts of “caring, earning, and learning,” “the life course” and “constrained decision making”;
• a summary of findings for each of the broad life course stages; and
• implications for policy considerations and for further research.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol21/iss2/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1014
2010-02-23T23:54:00Z
publication:pscpapers
Familial Aggregation of Survival and Late Female Reproduction
Smith, Ken R.
Gagnon, Alain
Cawthon, Richard M.
Mineau, Geri
Mazan, Ryan
Kerber, Richard A.
O’Brien, Elizabeth
Desjardins, Bertrand
2007-05-01T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 07-03
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol21/iss3/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1015
2010-02-23T23:52:30Z
publication:pscpapers
The Measles Epidemic of 1714-1715 in New-France
Mazan, Ryan
Gagnon, Alain
Desjardins, Bertrand
2007-09-01T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 07-04
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol21/iss4/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1016
2010-02-24T00:00:58Z
publication:pscpapers
Emerging Youth Transition Patterns in Canada: Opportunities and Risks
Beaujot, Roderic
Kerr, Don
2007-12-01T08:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 07-05
Building on a Government of Canada
sponsored seminar on Canadian and
international perspectives on youth policy and
research, the Policy Research Initiative (2006)
has highlighted a resurgence of interest among
researchers on the risks, opportunities and
challenges that many young people face across
industrialized countries. Various social,
demographic and economic changes have
altered the life experience of the young, which
has modified the opportunities and risks
encountered in navigating into adult roles.
The objective of this study is to largely describe
some of the most salient of these changes, with
a careful review of existing Canadian literature
and published empirical research. Of particular
interest are important changes in the life course
patterns of the young, in terms of later home
leaving, later completion of education, delayed
full time entrance into the labour force, later
union formation, and later childbearing. We also
review available data sources highlighting
changes on the basis of existing survey and
census data, while carefully considering
evidence as to whether we have encountered
climbing social inequalities among Canadian
youth.
While these delayed life cycle transitions are
becoming increasingly recognized among
researchers and the general public, there is only
a limited amount of research in Canada that
explicitly considers some of the more important
consequences of these changes. For this reason, the study also reviews the limited empirical
research that has focused on some of these
implications. While the transitions work
properly for most youth, we address a
fundamental research issue raised by the PRI
(2006): what are some of the drivers and
impacts on vulnerable youth populations? We
place these vulnerabilities into the broader
context of population groups that are more
vulnerable: female lone parents, unattached
adults aged 55-64, recent immigrants and
Aboriginal populations. The difficult living
circumstances of these groups can be linked
either directly or indirectly to family and life
cycle questions.
Transitions between youth and adulthood are
structured by a complex system of socioeconomic
structures, institutional arrangements
and cultural patterns that can vary in an
important manner across nation states. This
broader context is examined can potentially
provide some insight as to why transitions tend
to be more prolonged in certain settings while
being relatively short in others. The study
includes some international comparisons of
different “transition regimes” and discusses
related policy implications.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol21/iss5/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1018
2010-02-24T00:11:08Z
publication:pscpapers
Social Capital of Women Measured: Differentials by Family Structures
Ravanera, Zenaida R.
Fernando, Rajulton
2007-06-01T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Social capital has often been invoked to explain differences in children’s well-being by
family structure; that is, developmental outcome for children in lone parent or step family
is not at par with that of children from intact family because parental investments on
children may be lower not only in financial and human capital but also in social capital.
This proposition has been difficult to examine in greater depth because of lack of
conceptual clarity and of data to measure social capital. Using a definition of social
capital as the “ability to secure benefits through membership in networks and other social
structures”, we analyze social capital engendered by three types of networks - informal
ties with kin, families, friends, neighbours, and workmates; generalized relationships
with local people, people in civic groups, and people in general; and relationships
through institutions. We examine differences in the measures of social capital among
women living with no children in various marital arrangements, and women living with
children in intact, step, and lone parent families.
Results of our study, using the Canadian 2003 General Social Survey on Social
Engagement, confirm that social capital is greater in intact families than in lone parent
families. Mothers in intact families (especially married mothers) have larger informal
networks, are members of more primordial and purposive organizations, have greater
trust in people in the family, in the neighbourhood, and in people in general, and have greater confidence in government or business institutions. In general, social capital of
mothers in step families is in between that of married mothers in intact families and lone
mothers.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol21/iss7/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1017
2010-02-24T00:05:11Z
publication:pscpapers
Membership in Organizations and Confidence in Institutions: Men’s Social Capital and Its Differentials by Family Structures
Ravanera, Zenaida R.
Fernando, Rajulton
2007-05-25T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 07-06
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol21/iss6/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1019
2010-02-27T02:00:35Z
publication:pscpapers
Neighbourhood Characteristics, Individual and Household Attributes and Health Perception among Elderly Canadians
Omariba, D. Walter Rasugu
2006-02-01T08:00:00Z
Health status
health perceptions
Aging population
Neighbourhood effects
Canada
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 06-01
This paper uses the Canadian Community Health Survey of 2003 to examine health
perceptions among elderly Canadians (age 60 and over). The results indicate that
individual factors explain more of the variation in perceived health compared to
community factors (employment rate, incidence of low income, percentage of visible
minority, percentage of Canadians and percentage of non-family persons in private
households). Among individual factors, age, sense of community belonging, education
and income adequacy are particularly important in determining how individuals perceive
their health. On the other hand, among community factors, the incidence of low income,
percentage of visible minority and percentage of non-family persons had an independent
effect on perceived health.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol20/iss1/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1022
2010-02-27T02:20:43Z
publication:pscpapers
Informal Networks Social Capital of Fathers: What Does the Social Engagement Survey Tell Us?
Ravanera, Zenaida R.
2006-06-01T07:00:00Z
Social Capital
Father
Social Engagement
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 06-04
Using the General Social Survey on Social Engagement conducted by Statistics Canada
in 2003, this paper examines social capital derived from informal networks and its
variation among men categorized as: (1) men with no children, and (2) men living with
children in (a) intact, (b) step, and (c) lone parent families. The focus on men stems from
a concern that their role in families has not been as extensively studied as that of women.
The results show that married men living with children have higher social capital -
measured in terms of the number of friends, relatives, and neighbours, and in their level
of trust in them - than lone fathers or step fathers in cohabiting unions. Compared to
child-free men, married fathers have higher social capital but also tend to have friends
who are more similar to themselves in age, education, or income.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol20/iss4/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1023
2010-02-27T02:24:35Z
publication:pscpapers
Influences of Early Life Conditions on Old Age Mortality in Old Québec
Gagnon, Alain
Mazan, Ryan
2006-06-01T07:00:00Z
mortality
Quebec
Canada
early life
old age
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 06-05
Increasingly, bio-demographers are turning to infancy and childhood to gain a better
understanding of old age mortality. However, evidence of a link between early life conditions and survival until old age is fragmentary, and the intervening mechanisms remain unclear. Drawing from data on a cohort of French-Canadian children born in the 17th and 18th centuries, we study the effects of infant exposure to infectious
diseases (as revealed by the infant mortality rate in the year of birth) on later life mortality. A series of Cox proportional hazard models are used and we control for other familial and environmental conditions prevalent in childhood, as well as in
adulthood. Results point to a slight, but not significant effect of a disease load in infancy for females born in years of exceptionally high infant mortality. The results are also not conclusive for males. More generally, a trend of increasing infant
mortality over time correlates with general decreases in post-reproductive mortality rates, which are probably due to period improvements in later life conditions. Our study supports the view that period changes have stronger relevance than cohort effects in the study of historical variations in old age mortality.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol20/iss5/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1021
2010-02-27T02:16:01Z
publication:pscpapers
Tying the Knot or Just Living Together: Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics
Kerr, Don
Moyser, Melissa
Beaujot, Roderic
2006-02-01T08:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 06-02
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol20/iss2/2
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1024
2010-02-27T02:51:57Z
publication:pscpapers
Demographic Decisions and Demographic Well-Being
Fernando, Rajulton
2006-06-01T07:00:00Z
demographics
Canada
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 06-06
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol20/iss6/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1025
2010-02-27T02:36:34Z
publication:pscpapers
Children and Youth in Canada: Recent Demographic Changes
Liu, Jianye
Kerr, Don
Beaujot, Roderic
2006-08-01T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 06-07
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol20/iss7/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1026
2010-02-27T02:41:13Z
publication:pscpapers
Low Income Status by Population Groups, 1961-2001
Beaujot, Roderic
Liu, Jianye
Kerr, Don
2006-08-11T07:00:00Z
population
demographics
low income
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 06-08
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol20/iss8/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1027
2010-02-27T03:01:27Z
publication:pscpapers
Inequality and the Life Course: Differentials in Trajectories and Timing of Transitions of Canadian Women
Ravanera, Zenaida R.
Fernando, Rajulton
Burch, Thomas K.
2006-03-01T08:00:00Z
Inequality
Life Course
Canada
Woman
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 06-03
There has been a recent concern over polarization of family life among the younger
Canadians; that is, differences in family life are accentuated by the differences in their
social and economic situations. Using the retrospective data on life course events
gathered through the 2001 General Social Survey, we show that there is basis for this
concern - the timing of transitions and early life trajectories of Canadian women born
from 1966 to 1975 do differ by parental socio-economic status. However, the influence of
social inequality on the life course is not a recent phenomenon - results of our analysis
show that the timing of transitions have also differed by social status among women born
from 1926 to 1945. What is unique to younger cohorts is that, through a process of
diffusion, similar influence of social status is also seen in the other life events such as
cohabitation. We discuss the implications of these findings for policies.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol20/iss3/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1028
2010-03-02T02:50:04Z
publication:pscpapers
Changes in Economic Status and Timing Of Marriage of Young Canadians
Ravanera, Zenaida R.
Fernando, Rajulton
2005-11-01T08:00:00Z
Economic Status
Marriage
Canada
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 05-18
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol19/iss18/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1029
2010-03-02T02:56:07Z
publication:pscpapers
Changing Childhood Mortality Conditions in Kenya: An Examination of Levels, Trends and Determinants in the Late 1980s and the 1990s
Omariba, D. Walter Rasugu
2005-04-01T08:00:00Z
Child mortality changes
Determinants of child mortality
Kenya
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 05-17
This paper examines the observed reversal in childhood mortality conditions in Kenya
since the late 1980s, and the determinants of child mortality. Data from the 1998
Demographic and Health Survey are used to achieve these two objectives. Direct
estimation techniques are used to examine regional levels and trends of mortality since
the 1980s. It is clear from these analyses that regional mortality levels in Kenya are quite
diversified. Nyanza has the highest mortality among children, while Central has the
lowest. Although, mortality increased in the country in the early 1990s, most of the
increases occurred in Nyanza province. Weibull hazard models, which also incorporate
unobserved heterogeneity (frailty), are used to examine the correlates of childhood
mortality. These hazard models clearly show that biodemographic factors are more
important in explaining infant mortality, while the socioeconomic and socio-cultural
factors (including hygienic factors) are more important in explaining child mortality. The
results also show that the risk of death were higher for children born in the 1990s
compared to those born before 1980. In spite of including all these factors into the model,
the unobserved heterogeneity is still significant. The results suggest that mortality trends
in the country are likely to be related to unmeasured factors especially HIV/AIDS
prevalence.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol19/iss17/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1031
2010-03-02T03:08:20Z
publication:pscpapers
What Happens to the ‘Healthy Immigrant Effect’: The Mental Health of Immigrants to Canada
Lou, Yimin
Beaujot, Roderic
2005-09-01T07:00:00Z
Mental Health
Immigrant
Canada
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 05-15
This study examines the mental health of Canada’s immigrants, relative to that
of the native-born population, and makes a comparison between the longer term (ten or
more years of residence) and more recent immigrants. The pattern of mental health may
be explained by selectivity, structural strain theory from a macro perspective, or stress
theory with a micro approach. Given available data, the study focuses on stress theory
which suggests that persons with better mental health are either exposed to fewer
stressors, or they cope better with their stress and adversity. The data are from Cycle 1.2
of the Canadian Community Health Survey in 2002. The results confirm a “healthy
immigrant effect” and its decline for longer-term immigrants. The various demographic,
socio-economic, stress and coping factors are found to be significantly related to mental
health, but controls for these factors fails to account for the differences across
immigration status, especially the advantage of recent immigrants.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol19/iss15/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1030
2010-03-02T03:04:25Z
publication:pscpapers
Why are Canadians Having Children? An Investigation of the Value Attributed to Children and Its Impact on Demand for Children
Moyser, Melissa H.
2005-09-01T07:00:00Z
birth rate
Canada
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 05-16
Previous studies in the value-of-children tradition of fertility research have examined the
effect on demand for children of subjective perceptions of a particular value, or category
of values, of children to parents. In their explanation of demand for children, they do not
consider the possibility of the relevance of multiple or diverse single-handed values of
children to parents. By investigating the impact of a non-specific measure of the values of
children to parents—the value attributed to children—on demand for children, this study
implicitly takes into account all of the values of children to parents that may be
implicated in demand for children. The fundamental hypothesis of this study is that the
value attributed to children by individuals is one of the foremost determinants of their
demand for children. The value attributed to children by individuals is thought to
positively affect their demand for children. Based on a sample of respondents to the 2001
Canadian General Social Survey who are heterosexual, aged 20-49 years, fecund,
married to or cohabiting with a fecund spouse/partner, and childless, this study finds
support for the fundamental hypothesis of this study. Those who attribute value to
children have demand for an average of about one more child than those who do not
attribute value to children when their demographic, economic, and cultural
characteristics are taken into account. Qualitative data from semi-structured interviews
with a sample of respondents to the local survey of Reproduction and Caring over the
Life Course who are heterosexual, aged 20-49 years, married, cohabiting or in a
conjugal relationship, and childless are analyzed to discern the values of children to
parents that give rise to the value attributed to children by individuals and, in that way,
contribute to their demand for children. The main finding is of the relevance of multiple
or diverse single-handed values of children in the value attributed to children by
individuals.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol19/iss16/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1032
2010-03-04T01:04:57Z
publication:pscpapers
Aggregate Level Community Characteristics and Health
Niu, Jianlin
Beaujot, Roderic
2005-09-01T07:00:00Z
self-perceived health
economic
cultural
family
geographic
community
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 05-14
This study links aggregate data from the 2001 census to individual data from the Canadian
Community Health Survey, using dissemination areas as the unit of aggregation. Individual-level
considerations are found to be more important to self-perceived health than community-level
characteristics. Education and income adequacy are the most important considerations. Sense of
belonging to community overshadows the features measured at the aggregate level, be they
economic, family, cultural or geographic considerations.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol19/iss14/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1033
2010-03-04T01:10:04Z
publication:pscpapers
Polygamous Marital Structure and Child Survivorship in Ghana: Age Dependent Effect?
Gyimah, Stephen Obeng
2005-09-01T07:00:00Z
MARITAL STRUCTURE
POLYGAMY
CHILD SURVIVAL
SUBSAHARAN AFRICA
GHANA
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 05-13
A key limitation of existing research on the influence of family structure on child outcomes in
cultures characterized by widespread polygamy is the implicit view of marriage as monolithic
and by default monogamous. In the African context, there is the need to make a distinction
between polygamous and monogamous mothers since these marital circumstances imply varying
levels of parental support necessary for optimum child outcomes. Using data from the 1998 and
2003 Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys, this paper assesses the effects of polygamy on
child survivorship. The study is guided by competing theses on the interconnectedness between
polygamy and child survival. These findings are discussed in relation to the main theoretical
paradigms.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol19/iss13/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1034
2010-03-04T01:12:59Z
publication:pscpapers
Shifts in Social Development and Fertility Decline in Iran: A Cluster Analysis of Provinces, 1986-1996
Erfani, Amir
2005-09-01T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 05-12
Iran is experiencing the third phase of demographic transition (low levels of birth and
death), following a sharp fertility decline experienced during 1986-1996 period and is
still underway. Using the analytic framework of Davis and Black, we examined the
impact of social development and contraceptive prevalence, respectively as the structural
and proximate determinants, on rapid fertility decline in Iran. We found that the social
development level of provinces had a great impact on fertility decline through
contraceptive prevalence indirectly. The cluster analysis of social development indices in
1986 and 1996 revealed that 15 out of 24 provinces of Iran moved from a lower
developed status in 1986 to a moderate or a higher developed status in 1996 (twelve
provinces moved from a “less developed” state in 1986 to a “moderate developed” state
in 1996, and three provinces moved from a “moderate developed” state in 1986 to a
“developed” state in 1996). In addition, regarding to the social development levels and
fertility rates, the gap between provinces decreased during 1986-1996. That is, a shift
from heterogeneous to more homogeneous patterns of social development and fertility
occurred across Iran’s provinces during 1986-1996.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol19/iss12/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1035
2010-03-04T01:19:45Z
publication:pscpapers
Young Canadians’ Family Formation: Variations in Delayed Start and Complex Pathways
Ravanera, Zenaida
Fernando, Rajulton
Burch, Thomas K.
2005-06-24T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 05-11
This paper focuses on family formation of Canadians born in 1966-85. Studies
have shown that in comparison to older cohorts, young Canadians delay their transition to
adulthood and they follow more complex pathways in the formation of the family
through cohabitation, marriage, and parenthood. However, within cohorts, there are
variations in the general trends in timing and trajectories. Using a life course perspective,
we explore the influences of social status, cultural orientation, and opportunity structures
on family formation. This is done using retrospective data collected through the 2001
General Social Survey on Family History. Techniques of event history analysis, mainly,
life tables and non-Markov state-space approach to trajectory analysis are used.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol19/iss11/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1036
2010-03-05T21:24:17Z
publication:pscpapers
Attitudes toward Family Size Preferences among Urban Ethiopians
Sahleyesus, Daniel
2005-06-01T07:00:00Z
Ethiopia
family size
urban area
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 05-10
Making use of data obtained from a recent fieldwork conducted in five major urban
centers of Ethiopia, this study examines attitudes of respondents on family size
preferences to understand the fertility transition in urban areas. The methodology
includes in-depth qualitative interviews and focus group discussions. Urban residents
may not have a significantly different motivation as to why they would like to have
children compared to people from rural areas. However, urban residents have a
reproductive goal that take into account averting risks in the face of economic difficulties
and tailoring preferences to achieve upward social mobility. Respondents give a reported
family size which they see as the best they can support given their economic situation and
beyond that number they were less certain to provide the kind of necessities they would
like to give to their children There is emphasis on the wellbeing of relatively smaller
number of children and attaining a certain level of investment in ones own human capital
which are incompatible with large family size preferences.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol19/iss10/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1037
2010-03-05T21:31:34Z
publication:pscpapers
Cohort and Social Status Differentials in Union Dissolution: Analysis Using the 2001 General Social Survey
Ravanera, Zenaida R.
Fernando, Rajulton
Burch, Thomas K.
2005-07-06T07:00:00Z
social status
union dissolution
divorce
marriage
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 05-09
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol19/iss9/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1039
2010-03-05T21:38:54Z
publication:pscpapers
Familial Orientations and the Rationales for Childbearing Behaviour
Erfani, Amir
Beaujot, Roderic
2005-06-01T07:00:00Z
Orientation to family
rationales for childbearing
value of childbearing
cost of childbearing
timing of parenthood
ideal number of children
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 05-07
Using a local qualitative sample from Ontario, we explore the rationales for childbearing
behaviour across contrasting familial orientations. There are considerable similarities
among respondents with traditional and modern familial orientations in terms of the
reasons for having children and the costs and values of children. Nonetheless, persons
with modern orientations are more likely to give individual related reasons for having
children, and to see the value of children in terms of personal needs and desires. The
largest difference relates to the ideal timing of childbearing, as persons with modern
orientations are more likely to prefer childbearing in the late 20s or early 30s. While the
rationales offered by respondents indicate a culture that is supportive of childbearing, and
individuals with more modern orientations have similar views on ideal family size and on
the value and cost of children, they will probably have fewer children given their more
individualistic orientation to childbearing and the conviction that later childbearing is
better.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol19/iss7/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1038
2010-03-05T21:35:09Z
publication:pscpapers
The Life Course Trajectories of Older Canadians
Ravanera, Zenaida R.
Fernando, Rajulton
Burch, Thomas K.
2005-07-06T07:00:00Z
life course
Canada
elderly
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 05-08
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol19/iss8/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1040
2010-03-05T21:45:49Z
publication:pscpapers
Genome-wide Identity-by-Descent Sharing among CEPH Siblings
Gagnon, Alain
Beise, Jan
Vaupel, J. W.
2005-06-01T07:00:00Z
Microsatellites
Genomic maps
Recombination rate
Effective number of loci
Typing errors
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 05-06
The concept of genetic identity–by–descent (IBD) has markedly advanced our understanding of the genetic similarity among relatives and triggered a number of developments in epidemiological genetics. However, no empirical measure of this relatedness throughout the whole human genome has yet been published. Analyzing highly polymorphic genetic variations from the Centre d’études du polymorphisme humain (CEPH) database, we report the first genome–wide estimation of the mean and variation in IBD sharing among siblings. From 1,522 microsatellite markers spaced at an average of 2.3 cM on 498 sibling pairs, we estimated a mean of 0.4994 and a standard deviation of 0.0395. In order to account for the impact of varying chromosomal lengths and recombination rates, the analysis was also
performed at the chromosomal and marker levels and for paternal and maternal DNA separately. Based on the variation, we estimate an “effective number of segregating loci” of around 80 for sibling pairs over the whole genome (i.e., the number of loci that would yield the same standard deviation in IBD sharing if all loci were segregating independently). Finally, we briefly assess the impact of genotyping errors on IBD estimations, compare our results to published theoretical and simulated expectations, and discuss some implications of our findings.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol19/iss6/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1041
2010-03-05T21:55:07Z
publication:pscpapers
Familial and Environmental Influences on Longevity in a Pre-industrial Population
Mazan, Ryan
Gagnon, Alain
2005-06-01T07:00:00Z
Historical Québec
Sibships
Longevity
Survival
Epidemics
Frailty
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 05-05
Data from historical populations provide an adequate context for the examination
of the familial and environmental components of longevity. We have investigated the
relation between sibling survivorship and longevity through French-Canadian children of
a completed fertility cohort born between 1625 and 1704. The Cox regression model was
used to analyze the effects of sibling survivorship on the survival time of these early
Canadian inhabitants. Other covariates such as regional variation, secular trends (i.e.
period effects), parental and spousal survival were also taken into consideration. Our
findings show that individuals with at least one sibling surviving beyond 85 years of age
had a life-long sustained mortality advantage over the general population. The risks of
death after age 50 was 55% and 60% lower for females and males, respectively, having a
long-lived sibling. In comparison, the parental of origin effects were negligible. Only the
mother-son association in age at death was found significant among the four possible
parent-child pairs. Overall, the various models provided better fit to male than to female
data. Biological as well as social explanations are explored in order to account for the
various results.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol19/iss5/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1042
2010-03-05T22:06:26Z
publication:pscpapers
Post-reproductive Longevity in a Natural Fertility Population
Gagnon, Alain
Mazan, Ryan
Desjardins, Bertrand
Smith, Ken R.
2005-06-01T07:00:00Z
Menopause
Longevity
Fertility
Effective Family Size
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 05-04
Fertility patterns may be useful markers for rates of biological aging. Based on
evolutionary and socio-demographic approaches to historical data from the population of
Québec (taken from the Registre de population du Québec ancien at the University of
Montreal), we examine the effects of reproduction on longevity. Using Cox hazard
models on about 2,000 couples married in the colony before 1740, we show that women
bearing their last child late in life had longer post-reproductive lives, suggesting that late
menopause is associated with an overall slower rate of aging. Increased parity had an
opposite, detrimental effect on women’s post-reproductive survival. On the other hand,
husband’s longevity was less sensitive to parity and reproductive history. For husbands
increased effective family size (EFS; the number of children who survived up to age 18)
in a “compressed” reproductive time-span meant higher chances for survival past age 60.
Children may serve as strong economical assets on farmstead during colonization, which
would mostly benefit fathers. In a collaborative effort to unveil post-reproductive aging
patterns in historical populations, the results are compared to previous analyses
conducted on the Utah population database and evolutionary and socio-demographic
theories addressed in light of the results.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol19/iss4/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1043
2010-03-05T22:12:11Z
publication:pscpapers
Correlated Mortality Risks of Siblings in Kenya: An Examination of the Concept of Death Clustering and a Model for Analysis
Omariba, D. Walter Rasugu
Beaujot, Roderic
Fernando, Rajulton
2005-04-01T08:00:00Z
Child death clustering
Correlation of child mortality risks
Determinants of death clustering
Kenya
sub-Saharan Africa
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 05-03
This paper uses the 1998 Kenya DHS to examine the correlation of mortality risks across
siblings. Previously, the random-effect parameter in the random model has been interpreted in
terms of unmeasured and unmeasurable factors, suggesting the presence of death clustering. This
interpretation is problematic because the concept of unobserved heterogeneity is not the same as
death clustering. This paper attempts to clarify the concept of death clustering and demonstrates
that the concept needs to be closely associated, and therefore examined, with the sequence of
births and deaths in a family. Earlier approaches have been insensitive to sequencing both in the
clarification of the concept and in the analytical methods used to examine the presence and
extent of death clustering. Using binary sequence models that also incorporate unobserved
heterogeneity we show that the parameter for death clustering is conceptually distinct from the
parameter usually obtained for unobserved heterogeneity.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol19/iss3/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1044
2010-03-05T22:31:45Z
publication:pscpapers
Income Poverty in Canada: Recent Trends among Canadian Families 1981-2002
Kerr, Don
Michalski, Joseph
2005-03-01T08:00:00Z
poverty
income
Canada
family
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 05-02
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol19/iss2/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1046
2010-03-05T22:29:41Z
publication:pscpapers
Family Structures and Children’s Behavioral Problems: A Latent Growth Curve Analysis
Kerr, Don
Michalski, Joseph
2004-08-01T07:00:00Z
family structure
hyperactivity
children
developmental changes
latent growth curves
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 04-11
The current article analyzes 1994-2000 data from the Canadian National Longitudinal
Survey of Children and Youth to examine the relevance of family structures to trajectories of
parental reports on hyperactivity - inattention among elementary school aged children. A latent
growth modelling approach is used to compare children living in intact families, lone-parent
families, stepfamilies, and families where parents divorced or separated. The results highlight
the apparent advantages to living in intact families and the slightly greater risks experienced by
children living in stepfamilies. Children in lone-parent families, while experiencing an initial
disadvantage, displayed a similar trajectory on hyperactivity to children in intact families over
the 1994-2000 period. With regard to the children of divorce, the current study finds little
evidence of a predisruption effect, as the children whose parents divorce or separate over 1994-
2000 appear initially no worse off then children whose parents stay together.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol18/iss11/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1045
2010-03-05T22:20:02Z
publication:pscpapers
Family Models for Earning and Caring: Implications for Child Care
Beaujot, Roderic
Ravanera, Zenaida
2005-05-16T07:00:00Z
family
child care
earning
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 05-01
The bases for family change include an economy that provides more work
opportunities for women, and a cultural orientation that values equal opportunity and legitimates
family models other than the traditional breadwinner model. At the same time, both quantitative
and qualitative evidence suggest a prevalent preference for making accommodations for children
that include considerable time with children, especially in the infant and toddler years. Thus the
average experience is for women to do less and for men to do more paid work in two-parent
families that include young children in the home. Our reading of parental preferences suggests
an interest in more services for young children in the form of early childhood education and
child care, but also interest in policy directions that would allow parents to spend more time with
children, in the form of leaves, part-time work with good benefits, and subsidies that supplement
market income. These accommodations are often less feasible in lone-parents, and thus child
care is a higher priority in these families.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol19/iss1/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1047
2010-03-05T23:57:07Z
publication:pscpapers
Work and Family Life Trajectories of Young Canadians: Evidence from the 2001 General Social Survey
Ravanera, Zenaida
Fernando, Rajulton
2004-07-01T07:00:00Z
youth
Canada
life course
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 04-10
From the 1980s, there has been a trend among young Canadians to delay their transition to adulthood. This is seen as an indicator of greater investment in career and work life (most often, with parental help) before investing in reproduction. However, there are concerns expressed particularly for women that those with smaller parental and personal resources follow a different life course trajectory. They become parents at younger ages and are more likely to experience family dissolution and lone parenthood.
The study uses Statistics Canada’s 2001 General Social Survey on Family History and focuses on men and women born from 1966 to 1975. The timing of transitions by social status is examined for events related to work (school completion and start of regular work) and family life (home-leaving, first union, and first birth). The trajectories through these life course events (or states) are then traced for men and women by categories of social status. A multi-state life table technique of analysis is used to examine the
probabilities of experiencing particular pathways among the various states and the duration of stay in each state.
We find that the onset of parenthood differs by social status with differences larger for women than men. As for trajectories to parenthood, the normatively preferred trajectory wherein parenthood is preceded by graduation from post-secondary education, regular work, and marriage is common mainly for those with high social status. Our analysis also shows that becoming parents without marrying is more likely among those with low status; and that the age at onset of parenthood is largely determined by the number of prior transitions.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol18/iss10/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1048
2010-03-06T00:01:24Z
publication:pscpapers
Family Level Clustering of Childhood Mortality in Kenya
Omariba, D. Walter Rasugu
2004-06-01T07:00:00Z
Infant mortality
child mortality
death clustering
unobserved heterogeneity
Kenya
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 04-09
Recent research on child mortality suggests that despite overall declines in mortality levels,
mortality could remain relatively high due to a clustering of deaths in certain pockets of the
population. Using data from the 1998 demographic and health survey (DHS) of Kenya this study examines child death clustering within families. The analysis first examines how
known distant determinants of child mortality including socioeconomic and socio-cultural
factors affect child survival, and how their effect is modified by proximate determinants of
mortality including biodemographic and household environmental conditions. This is then
followed by a control for family random effects to establish whether mortality risks in
families are correlated net of the measured factors. The results show that biodemographic
factors are more important in infancy while socioeconomic factors and household
environmental conditions have a greater effect in childhood. Additionally, there is significant
familial variation in child mortality risks even after controlling for measured determinants of
mortality. This correlation of mortality risks suggests that there exits unobserved or
unobservable familial factors related to mortality which lead to a concentration of deaths in
certain families.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol18/iss9/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1049
2010-03-08T23:22:03Z
publication:pscpapers
Stress and Adult Health: Impact of Time Spent in Paid and Unpaid Work, and its Division in Families
Beaujot, Roderic
Anderson, Robert
2004-06-01T07:00:00Z
Stress
Health
Work
family
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 04-08
Based on a sample representative of the Canadian population aged 30-59, this paper
assesses the impact of time spent on productive activities, and various types of activities,
on stress and health. The main finding is that the number of hours spent is a better
predictor of stress than is the type of activity. Moreover, the effects of paid and unpaid
work are additive rather than multiplicative. That is, the more people work, regardless of
what they are doing, the more likely they are to feel stressed. Still, working irregular
hours and non-traditional family models are also associated with poorer health and
reduced stress. Being married appears to mitigate the effect of unpaid work on stress, but
does not mitigate the effect of paid work on stress. The effects are similar, though weaker,
for health, reflecting that the effects of hours worked are more likely to be long term and
that there is probably an endogenous relation between health and current labour force
status.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol18/iss8/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1050
2010-03-08T23:51:15Z
publication:pscpapers
Transmission of Migration Propensity Increases Genetic Divergence Between Populations
Gagnon, Alain
Toupance, Bruno
Tremblay, Marc
Beise, Jan
Heyer, Evelyne
2004-06-01T07:00:00Z
Migrations
Inheritance
Y chromosome
mtDNA
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 04-07
The advent of molecular genetics has brought invaluable information, which is now routinely used by anthropologists in their attempt to reconstruct our demographic past. Since the mitochondrial DNA loci are much more similar between populations than are the Y chromosome loci, it has been suggested that women had a much higher migration rate than men throughout history. Based on an examination of intergenerational migration patterns in three large demographic databases, we bring this inference into question. In some early Canadian settlements (St. Lawrence Valley and Saguenay), and in the past Krummhörn region of Northwest Germany, men whose father was a migrant were more likely to migrate, while the migration probability of women was largely independent of that of their mothers. As a result, men’s movements were less effective in preventing genetic differentiation between populations than women’s movements. If it is largely prevalent among human societies, this male-specific transmission of migration propensity could partly explain the geographical clustering of Y chromosome distributions. In order to account for its impact, we propose a slight modification of
Wright’s Island model. We also address the relevance of this model with respect to previously reported measures of population differentiation and we discuss the supporting historical and anthropological literature. We conclude that the widespread patrilocal rules of post-marital residence have generated both a higher female migration rate and a patrilineal dependency in the propensity to migrate.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol18/iss7/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1051
2010-03-09T00:06:27Z
publication:pscpapers
Social Status Polarization in the Timing and Trajectories to Motherhood
Ravanera, Zenaida R.
Fernando, Rajulton
2004-06-01T07:00:00Z
Social Status Polarization
Motherhood
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 04-06
This paper examines the polarization by socio-economic status of Canadian women’s
timing of and trajectories to motherhood. The study uses data gathered through the 2001
GSS on Family History and focuses on women born from 1922 to 1980. Women with high
social status are more likely to delay their entry into motherhood and to follow
trajectories that include graduation from post-secondary education. In contrast, women
with low social status are more likely to follow shorter routes, often bypassing
graduation from post-secondary education, regular work, or marriage, and consequently
start motherhood at younger age.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol18/iss6/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1052
2010-03-09T00:00:14Z
publication:pscpapers
Probing the Future of Mandatory Retirement in Canada
Kerr, Don
Ibbott, Peter
Beaujot, Roderic
2004-05-01T07:00:00Z
Mandatory Retirement
Canada
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 04-05
The future of mandatory retirement is at least partly driven by the changing demographics. In
Canada, these demographics include slowing population growth, rapid ageing, declining rates of
labour force participation, and slowing growth of the labour force. After reviewing the
demographic trends and considering alternate scenarios in labour force participation, we consider
the determinants of early departures from the labour force, and suggest scenarios that might
reverse these trends. With a decline in labour force entrants, delays in early life transitions and
possible reductions in retirement benefits, a trend to retire later would bring mandatory retirement
into question.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol18/iss5/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1054
2010-03-09T00:12:15Z
publication:pscpapers
Social Assistance, Custody and Child Poverty: Cross-National Comparisons
Beaujot, Roderic
Liu, Jianye
2004-03-01T08:00:00Z
child poverty
lone parent
social assistance
custody
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 04-03
The prevalence of low income for children, especially for children in lone-parent families, varies
considerably across countries. This paper considers five sets of hypotheses that may be relevant
to the cross-national variability of child poverty. The tentative conclusion from this analysis in
20 countries is that reducing child poverty, and in lone-parent families in particular, requires
several approaches. Provisions that would discourage teenage childbearing would have their
importance, as would opportunities for lone mothers to work. More important is the generosity
of social expenditure applying to individuals and especially to families. The present analysis
also shows the advantages of encouraging joint custody, along with special provisions for lone
parents, and child support through advance maintenance payments.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol18/iss3/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1053
2010-03-09T00:04:41Z
publication:pscpapers
Bifurcation by Social Status in the Onset of Fatherhood
Ravanera, Zenaida R.
Fernando, Rajulton
2004-04-01T08:00:00Z
Bifurcation
Social Status
Fatherhood
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 04-04
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol18/iss4/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1055
2010-03-09T00:18:32Z
publication:pscpapers
Attitudes that Differentiate Alternative Family Sizes
Beaujot, Roderic
Erfani, Amir
2004-03-01T08:00:00Z
Attitude
Family Size
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 04-02
Taking advantage of both a national survey on families (Canadian General Social
Survey, 2001) and a local qualitative survey (Orientations to Relationships and Childbearing
over the Life Course, 2000), this paper studies the attitudes that differentiate respondents who
indicate alternate expected or completed family size. While we find some evidence of differing
values that differentiate those intending not to have children, there is more evidence of a
common culture of reproduction than of heterogeneity in preferences. The alternative outcomes
in family size would also appear to be a function of the difficulties experienced in relationships
and problems of financial security, given the felt need to make high investments for each child.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol18/iss2/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1056
2013-09-26T20:58:26Z
publication:pscpapers
A Family of Flexible Parametric Duration Functions & their Applications to Modelling Child-Spacing in Sub-Saharan Africa
Ghilagaber, Gebrenegus
Gyimah, Stephen Obeng
2004-01-01T08:00:00Z
fertility
reproduction
Child-Spacing
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
<p>Discussion Paper no. 04-01</p>
<p>This <strong>discussion </strong>paper now appears as a chapter in the book:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.springer.com/social+sciences/population+studies/book/978-94-007-6777-5" target="_self" title="Advanced Techniques for Modelling Maternal and Child Health in Africa">Advanced Techniques for Modelling Maternal and Child Health in Africa</a></p>
<p><em>http://www.springer.com/social+sciences/population+studies/book/978-94-007-6777-5</em></p>
<p><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>
<p>The birth-interval approach to the study of fertility reflects two aspects of the process of reproduction: (1) the quantum of fertility as indicated by the proportion of women who move to the next higher parity; and (2) the tempo of fertility, as measured by the time it takes to make the transition for those women who continue reproduction. This paper focuses on the latter where covariates act, multiplicatively, on the duration itself to accelerate or decelerate the transition time between successive births. We demonstrate how a number of common parametric duration models may be embedded in a single parametric framework, and how each competing model may be assessed relative to a more comprehensive one. These models are applied to data from Eritrea, Ghana, & Kenya. The results show that the flexible parametric approach provides an alternative to the usually untenable quantum-based proportional hazards modelling of birth interval data. Further, it is demonstrated that the distributional shape of birth intervals depends on the birth order of the index child and/or the subset of children under study. It is also shown that inferences concerning covariate effects on birth intervals are sensitive model choice.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol18/iss1/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1057
2010-03-11T20:33:18Z
publication:pscpapers
Women’s Educational Attainment and Intergenerational Patterns of Fertility Behaviour in Kenya
Omariba, D. Walter Rasugu
2003-11-01T08:00:00Z
Fertility Preference
Family planning
Fertility transition
Contraception
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 03-11
There is a strong theoretical and empirical relationship between educational attainment
and fertility behaviour. However, a fundamental question that has largely been neglected
is the change in this relationship across cohorts resulting from differential improvement
in educational opportunities for women over time and how it relates to fertility transition.
Utilizing the 1998 DHS data from Kenya this study examines the differential effect of
educational attainment on women’s use of modern contraception and desire for cessation
of childbearing across generations. The findings indicate that even after controlling for
husband’s education and other relevant factors, a woman’s advanced education is
positively associated with use of modern contraception. However, support for a similar
hypothesis on a woman’s desire for family limitation was only found among the youngest
cohort of women. The results suggest that for Kenya’s incipient fertility transition to be
sustained the government needs to continue efforts to improve female education and
supporting access to family planning among younger women.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol17/iss11/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1059
2010-03-11T20:44:21Z
publication:pscpapers
Integration at Mid-Life: An Analysis of the General Social Surveys on Time Use
Ravanera, Zenaida R.
Fernando, Rajulton
2003-06-01T07:00:00Z
mid-life
time use
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 03-09
This paper examines the economic inclusion, political participation, and social
belonging of Canadians at mid-life. These are used as indicators of dimensions of
integration, an individual-level equivalent of social cohesion. Time allocations among
major activities such as paid work, domestic work, and volunteering of those aged 30-54
are analyzed using data gathered through the General Social Survey on Time Use in
1986, 1992, and 1998. The influences of individual, family, and community attributes on
inclusion through economic activities, participation through volunteer work with
organizations, and feeling of belonging to communities are also examined using the data
from the 1998 GSS on Time Use that were merged with community descriptors from the
1996 census.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol17/iss9/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1058
2010-03-11T20:40:25Z
publication:pscpapers
How Cohesive are Canadian CMAs? A Measure of Social Cohesion Using the National Survey of Giving, Volunteering, and Participating
Fernando, Rajulton
Ravanera, Zenaida R.
Beaujot, Roderic
2003-06-01T07:00:00Z
Social Cohesion
Canada
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 03-10
Social cohesion is a concept difficult to define and to measure. As there can be many definitions,
so there can be many measurements. The main problem, either in defining or measuring the concept,
is its multi-level and multi-dimensional nature.
At one extreme, country is the most commonly used level to view social cohesion but measurement
at this level is of little use for interventions. At the other extreme, community is the most useful level
but it is a social construct for which data are difficult to obtain, given the administrative boundaries
used in social surveys. As an initial attempt to measure social cohesion at a sub-country level, this
study focuses on census metropolitan areas for which data on several dimensions of social cohesion
are available.
We use the information gathered by the National Survey on Giving, Volunteering and Participating
(NSGVP) on three domains of social cohesion: political, economic, and social. Statistical
techniques including factor analysis and standardization are applied to the data to generate an
overall index of social cohesion for each CMA.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol17/iss10/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1060
2010-03-11T20:48:50Z
publication:pscpapers
Family Change and Economic Well-Being in Canada: The Case of Recent Immigrant Families with Children
Liu, Jianye
Kerr, Don
2003-05-01T07:00:00Z
Family Change
Economic Well-Being
Canada
Recent Immigrant Families
children
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 03-08
This paper examines the relationship between family change and economic well-being among recent
immigrant families with children to Canada over the 1977-1997 period. Defining recent immigrants as
those having migrated within the past decade, this study documents a substantial decline in the average
level of economic well being of immigrants who migrated during the 1990s relative to those who migrated
in the 1970s and 1980s. Whereas the average income to needs ratio of all Canadian families with children
is up modestly over this period, this same generalization is not true when shifting our emphasis to recent
immigrants. In this context, to the extent that change in family circumstances is relevant, an increased
incidence of lone parenthood has had a net negative effect on the economic well-being of recent
immigrants - in a manner that is analogous to other Canadian families. Other changes in family structure
and living arrangements appear to be of lesser importance in shaping recent trends, including change in the
average number of children per family, the age distribution of the parents of children and the tendency of
immigrants to co-reside with family members beyond the immediate nuclear family.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol17/iss8/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1061
2010-03-11T22:20:59Z
publication:pscpapers
Relative Participation of Men and Women in Paid and Unpaid Work: An Analysis of Variations by Individual, Family and Community Characteristics
Beaujot, Roderic
Ravanera, Zenaida R.
2003-05-01T07:00:00Z
gender
Work
volunteering
Community
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 03-07
On the basis of the 1998 General Social Survey on Time Use, the relative participation in paid
and unpaid work of partners in a household is classified into three types: complementary
wherein one partner, usually the wife, does more unpaid work while the other partner does more
paid work; double burden wherein one partner does more unpaid work while doing more or the
same amount of paid work; and shared roles wherein both partners do about the same amount
unpaid work. Couples who are cohabiting, and couples where both partners are working fulltime,
have a higher likelihood of both shared roles and double burdens, compared to
complementary roles. Shared roles are less common at older ages, with lower levels of
education, and for those with higher religiosity. Double-burdens are more common when there
are no children, also less common in rural areas, but more common in communities where there
is a low proportion of immigrants.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol17/iss7/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1062
2010-03-11T22:28:37Z
publication:pscpapers
Fertility of Canadian Men: Levels, Trends, and Correlates
Ravanera, Zenaida R.
Fernando, Rajulton
2003-05-01T07:00:00Z
Fertility
Canada
Man
Parenthood
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 03-06
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol17/iss6/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1063
2010-03-11T22:32:46Z
publication:pscpapers
Charting the Growth of Canada’s Aboriginal Populations: Problems, Options and Implications
Guimond, Eric
Kerr, Don
Beaujot, Roderic
2003-05-01T07:00:00Z
Canada
Aboriginal Population
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 03-05
Toward the end of the 20th century, the number of persons reporting Aboriginal
ancestry in the Canadian Census increased in a rather dramatic manner. For example, in
the 2001 Canadian Census, over 1.3 million Canadians reported an Aboriginal origin,
which is an increase of about 20 percent over the previous census in 1996. Given that
much confusion and inadequate information characterises public discussions of the
demographics of Canada’s Aboriginal population, this paper will review the most
fundamental data sources and definitions that have been used in documenting the
characteristics of this population, as well as outline some of the most fundamental
obstacles to be faced in enacting meaningful quantitative research in this context.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol17/iss5/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1065
2010-03-11T22:44:27Z
publication:pscpapers
Effect of Immigration on the Canadian Population: Replacement Migration?
Beaujot, Roderic
2003-03-01T08:00:00Z
Immigration
Canada
Population
Replacement Migration
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 03-03
Immigration has a substantial influence on the size and growth of the population and the labour
force, and also considerable influence on the socio-cultural composition, as seen through
ethnicity, language and visible minority status. Given the uneven distribution of immigrants over
regions, and their subsequent re-migration patterns, immigration accentuates the growth of the
largest cities. Immigration enhances the educational profile of the population, but controlling
for age, immigrants now have lower proportions in the labour force, lower average income and
higher proportions with low income status. Replacement migration can be defined in various
ways. An immigration of about 225,000 would prevent population decline in the foreseeable
future, and with slightly higher participation would prevent decline of the labour force. It is
impossible to use immigration to prevent an increase in the population aged 65 and over as a
ratio to the population aged 20-64. Immigration can somewhat be seen as replacing the socioeconomic
distribution of the population, though to a lesser extent over time as the Canadianborn
have various advantages. But immigration cannot be seen to be replacing the existing
geographic distribution of the population, nor its socio-cultural composition.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol17/iss3/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1066
2010-03-11T22:51:49Z
publication:pscpapers
Multiple Causes-of-death Statistics in South Africa: Their Utility and Changing Profile over the Period 1997 to 2001
Bah, Sulaiman
2003-01-01T08:00:00Z
causes-of-death statistics
South Africa
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 03-02
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol17/iss2/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1064
2010-03-11T22:38:31Z
publication:pscpapers
Women’s Educational Attainment and the Timing of Parenthood in Ghana: A Cohort Perspective
Gyimah, Stephen Obeng
2003-03-01T08:00:00Z
Age at first birth
timing of parenthood
cohort
educational attainment
Ghana
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 03-04
This paper examines the effects of women’s educational attainment on the timing of
parenthood in Ghana. Given the more enhanced career opportunities in recent years, it is
argued that the opportunity cost of parenthood may be higher for contemporary educated
women, and as such, they are expected to delay parenthood for longer periods than their
counterparts in the past. Using data from the 1998 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey,
we found that while higher educational attainment was associated with delayed parenthood,
significant cohort differences were noticeable. Consistent with our expectations, the effect of
higher educational attainment was substantially greater among younger women, indicating a
longer transition to parenthood. Besides educational attainment, religion, ethnicity, age at
marriage birth, and place of residence were also found to associate with the timing of
parenthood.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol17/iss4/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1067
2010-03-11T22:57:16Z
publication:pscpapers
Demographics and the Changing Canadian Family
Beaujot, Roderic
2003-01-01T08:00:00Z
Demographics
Canadian family
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 03-01
This paper starts with a synthesis of changes in families, work (paid and unpaid), reproduction, and the
situation of children and youth. Alternate models of family policy are then elaborated, along with a
discussion of policies in given domains associated with earning and caring, the division of labour,
children and lone parents. Taking seriously the interest to arrive at a model that would increase the
overlap in the earning and caring activities of men and women, the paper ends with a suggestion based
on shared parental leave and part-time work, followed by the early entry of children to nursery schools
and kindergartens. For low income families, it is important to increase the child tax benefit, and for lone
parents, joint custody and advance maintenance payments. These provisions would help establish parents
as co-providers and co-parents. State support for child benefits, for other basic social benefits, for
parental leaves and education as of age three, would undermine gender differences in families, and
consequently in the broader society. In particular, this would undermine the potential for exploitation of
one spouse by another, based on inequality in their earning capacities that are generated by their family
responsibilities.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol17/iss1/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1069
2010-03-12T20:13:14Z
publication:pscpapers
Fertility Response to Childhood Mortality in Sub-Saharan with Emphasis on Ghana and Kenya
Gyimah, Stephen Obeng-Manu
2002-05-01T07:00:00Z
Fertility
Childhood mortality
Ghana
Kenya
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 02-02
Notwithstanding the extensive social scientific research, there are still unanswered questions
regarding the persistence of high fertility in sub-Saharan Africa. Although fertility behaviour
depends on multiplicity of factors, childhood mortality is regarded as an important
determinant.However, while the theoretical pathways through which infant and child mortality affect
fertility are well understood, the empirical evidence has been inconsistent. Thus, the unsettled nature
of the link between childhood mortality and fertility was a major motivation for this study.
Methodologically, the paper examines the usefulness of frailty models in exploring the childhood
mortality-fertility relationships using DHS data from Ghana and Kenya. Invariably, women with
prior infant deaths were found to have more subsequent births than those without mortality
experience, suggesting both a physiological and behavioral response. While corroborating this
finding, the multivariate results demonstrated that models without unobserved heterogeneity tended
to produce biased estimates. Comparing Ghana and Kenya, there were significant differences in the
effects of childhood mortality on subsequent births. At all parities, the fertility response to mortality
was found to be larger in Ghana, perhaps suggesting a negative relationship between fertility
response and the stage of fertility transition.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol16/iss2/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1068
2010-03-12T20:07:32Z
publication:pscpapers
Difficulties Encountered in Projecting Canada’s Aboriginal Population
Kerr, Don
Norris, M.-J.
Guimond, E.
2002-03-01T08:00:00Z
Canada
Aboriginal population
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 02-01
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol16/iss1/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1070
2010-03-12T20:42:17Z
publication:pscpapers
Lagged Effect of Childhood Mortality on Reproductive Behavior in Ghana and Kenya
Gyimah, Stephen Obeng-Manu
2002-05-01T07:00:00Z
Childhood mortality
Reproductive behaviour
Ghana
Kenya
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 02-03
This paper goes beyond the physiological impact of infant deaths on fertility by examining whether
such deaths elicit an explicit, conscious and intentional fertility response in sub-Saharan Africa. The
major research questions are: what are the long term implications of childhood mortality on
reproductive behavior? Does the death of the first child, for instance, affect the risk of a higher
order birth? These questions are examined using DHS data from Ghana and Kenya. At each parity,
women with childhood mortality experience were found to have a higher number of subsequent than
those without. Additionally, multivariate results suggest that infant deaths tend to have a long term
impact on reproductive behaviour. The death of the first child in particular was found to associate
with the risk of a higher order birth. This is probably because first births in most African cultures
are deemed special and as such their death as infants has a long term effect on a woman’s
reproductive behaviour. From a policy perspective, these finding suggest that improvement in child
survival programs could significantly improve fertility through both the biological and behavioural effects.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol16/iss3/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1072
2010-03-12T20:53:07Z
publication:pscpapers
Effects of Community and Family Characteristics on Early Life Transitions of Canadian Youth
Ravanera, Zenaida R.
Fernando, Rajulton
Burch, Thomas K.
2002-05-01T07:00:00Z
Community
Family
Early life transitions
Youth
Canada
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 02-05
This paper looks at the impact of community and family characteristics on the timing of early life
transitions of Canadians born in 1971-75. Effects on the timing of school completion, start of regular
work, and home-leaving are examined using a data set that merged the 1995 General Social Survey of
the Family with data derived from the enumeration areas of the 1996 Census. Event history techniques
of analysis are used to examine timing and trajectories of transition and how they are affected by
families and communities. The results show that family and community-level characteristics indicative of
availability of material resources, opportunities, and social capital have significant effect on the timing of
transition to adulthood, mainly through longer period of education. Family social capital also affects start
of regular work and leaving the parental home.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol16/iss5/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1071
2010-03-12T20:47:37Z
publication:pscpapers
The Dynamics of Spacing and Timing of Births in Ghana
Gyimah, Stephen Obeng-Manu
2002-05-01T07:00:00Z
Spacing of births
Timing of births
Ghana
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 02-04
Studying the dynamics of timing and spacing of births is important for several reasons including an
understanding of completed family size as well as maternal and child mortality differentials. Using
the 1998 DHS data, this paper examines whether there are intrinsic socio-cultural factors that affect
the duration of birth intervals in Ghana. The results suggest that while most socio-cultural differences
are mediated through socio-economic and demographic factors, there is the persistence of ethnic-specific
norms and practices that affect the timing of births. At all durations, Ewes and Mole-
Dagbanis were consistently found to have longer intervals between successive births than Akans.
This has been explained through to ethnic differences in unobservable norms and observable
practices such as lineage patterns, duration of the period of post-partum sexual abstinence and
amenorrhoea. Besides the socio-economic and socio-cultural factors, other consistently significant
covariates were age at first birth, birth cohorts and the survival status of the index. Age at first
marriage was found to associate only with the timing of the first two children.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol16/iss4/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1073
2010-03-12T20:58:30Z
publication:pscpapers
Projecting the Future of Canada’s Population: Assumptions, Implications, and Policy
Beaujot, Roderic
2002-05-01T07:00:00Z
Canada
Population
Policy
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 02-06
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol16/iss6/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1075
2010-03-12T21:14:00Z
publication:pscpapers
Earning and Caring: Porter Lecture
Beaujot, Roderic
2002-06-01T07:00:00Z
Earning
Caring
Earning, Caring, Equal opportunity, Family
Article
Discussion Paper no. 02-08
This paper speaks especially to the family dimensions of equal opportunity. Defining
families through the activities of earning and caring, I first consider family change along with
explanations based on structural and cultural factors. I then make the case that equal
opportunity by gender has progressed considerably in education, while there are persistent
inequalities in unpaid work, and the inequalities in paid work can often be related to those in
unpaid work. By focussing on family models and the world of work, we see that various models
co-exist, but that several policies are based on the breadwinner model. The paper finishes with
reflections on policy that would de-link gender and caring.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol16/iss8/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1074
2010-03-12T21:06:09Z
publication:pscpapers
The Family and Political Dimension of Social Cohesion: Analysing the Link Using the 2000 National Survey on Giving, Volunteering and Participating
Ravanera, Zenaida R.
Beaujot, Roderic
Fernando, Rajulton
2002-06-01T07:00:00Z
Family
Political Dimension
Social cohesion
Giving
Volunteering
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 02-07
This study examines the effects of family on patterns of civic engagement (through giving,
volunteering and membership in organizations) of Canadian men and women. Data are from the
2000 National Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (NSGVP), which collected
information on personal and family variables such as age, sex, household size, marital status, and
presence of children. The study finds that changes in families could have opposite effects on civic
participation depending on the indicator. Children, for example, have positive impact on
volunteering, but negative on association membership of men. And, full employment of women
hinders volunteering but encourages participation in associations. In contrast, social capital has
unequivocal effect - whether measured as length of stay in community or as influences when the
respondents were young, social capital increases all forms of civic involvement.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol16/iss7/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1076
2010-03-12T21:23:59Z
publication:pscpapers
Effect of Immigration on Demographic Structure
Beaujot, Roderic
2002-10-01T07:00:00Z
Immigration
Demographic structure
Canada
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 02-09
Immigration has a substantial influence on the size and growth of the population and the labour
force, with also considerable influence on the socio-cultural composition, as seen through
ethnicity, language and visible minority status. Given the uneven distribution of immigrants over
regions, and their subsequent re-migration patterns, immigration accentuates the growth of the
largest cities. Immigration enhances the educational profile of the population, but controlling
for age, immigrants now have lower proportions in the labour force, lower average income and
higher proportions with low income status.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol16/iss9/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1077
2010-03-12T21:28:55Z
publication:pscpapers
Ethnicity and Infant Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Ghana
Gyimah, Stephen Obeng
2002-11-01T08:00:00Z
Ethnicity
Infant mortality
Sub-Saharan Africa
Ghana
Culture
Child mortality
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 02-10
This study is premised on the hypothesis that ethnic specific socio-cultural practices such
as dietary taboos and food avoidances on mothers and infants, as well as perceptions of
disease aetiology and treatment patterns may be salient to infant mortality differentials
in Ghana. To inform policy the paper explores if there are significant ethnic differences
in the risk of infant death, and whether such differences are due to intrinsic cultural
norms or socio-economic disparities. Using data on 3298 recent births from the 1998
Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, the bivariate results indicated significant ethnic
differences. Relative to Asante children, the risk of death was significantly higher among
children whose mothers were Mole-Dagbanis, Grussi, Gruma, Dagarti and Fanti. In the
multivariate models, however, the ethnic differences (Fanti excepted) disappeared once
socio-economic variables were controlled. This implies that observed ethnic differences
in infant morality mainly reflect socio-economic disparities among groups rather than
intrinsic cultural norms. To improve child survival, efforts should be geared towards
enhancing the socio-economic status of women from the disadvantaged ethnic groups.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol16/iss10/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1078
2010-03-16T00:50:44Z
publication:pscpapers
An Interpretation of Family Change, with Implications for Social Cohesion
Beaujot, Roderic
Ravanera, Zenaida
2001-01-01T08:00:00Z
Family change
Social cohesion
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 01-1
Data on family change point to a greater flexibility in the entry and exit from relationships, a delay in the timing of family events, and a diversity of family forms. These changes have
undermined the complementary-roles model as women gained equal opportunities in a variety of
domains. Children have been affected such that their interests are no longer paramount in the
structuring of adult lives. On the whole, the family has been de-institutionalized with less function and less power.
An interpretation of the changes suggests that the family has shifted from a unit of survival in which relations were based on division of labour to a unit of solidarity based on a sense of common identity and expressive relationships. Policies that would further push families in the direction of a collaborative model would promote new kinds of cohesion within families and at the societal level.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol15/iss1/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1079
2010-03-16T00:55:23Z
publication:pscpapers
Teaching the Fundamentals of Demography: A Models-Based Approach to Family and Fertility
Burch, Thomas K.
2001-01-29T08:00:00Z
Family
Fertility
Demography
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 01-2
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol15/iss2/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1081
2010-03-16T01:09:10Z
publication:pscpapers
Earnings Implications of Person Years Lost Life Expectancy among First Nations Peoples
Maxim, Paul S.
White, Jerry P.
Whitehead, Paul C.
Beavon, Daniel
2001-03-01T08:00:00Z
Earnings
Life expectancy
First Nations Peoples
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 01-4
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol15/iss4/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1080
2010-03-16T01:01:52Z
publication:pscpapers
Toward an Index of Community Capacity: Predicting Community Potential for Successful Program Transfer
Maxim, Paul S.
White, Jerry P.
Whitehead, Paul C.
2001-01-01T08:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 01-3
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol15/iss3/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1082
2010-03-16T01:14:17Z
publication:pscpapers
Earning and Caring: Demographic Change and Policy Implications
Beaujot, Roderic
2001-04-01T08:00:00Z
Earning
Caring
Demographic change
Policy
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 01-5
Seeking to define families as groups of people who share earning and caring activities, we contrast theoretical orientations that see advantages to a division of labour or complementary roles, in comparison to orientations that see less risk and greater companionship in a collaborative model based on sharing paid and unpaid work, or co-providing and co-parenting.
It is important to look both inside and outside of families, or at the changing gendered links between earning and caring, to understand change both in families and in the work world. It is proposed that equal opportunity by gender has advanced further in the public sphere associated
with education and work, than in the private family sphere associated with everyday life. Time use data indicate that, on average, men carry their weight in terms of total productive time (paid
plus unpaid work), but that women make much more of the accommodations between family and
work. Fertility is likely to be lowest in societies that offer women equal opportunity in the public
sphere but where families remain traditional in terms of the division of work. Policies are discussed that would reduce the dependency between spouses, and encourage a greater common ground between men and women in earning and caring.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol15/iss5/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1083
2010-03-16T23:57:21Z
publication:pscpapers
Perspectives on Below Replacement Fertility in Canada: Trends, Desires, and Accomodations
Beaujot, Roderic
Bélanger, Alain
2001-04-01T08:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 01-6
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol15/iss6/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1086
2010-03-17T00:09:23Z
publication:pscpapers
Child Morbidity in Kenya: Does Women’s Status Matter?
Omariba, D. Walter Rasugu
2001-05-01T07:00:00Z
Child morbidity
Morbidity status
Determinants of morbidity
Child mortality
Women status
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 01-9
This paper utilises data on women from the 1998 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey to examine
the conditions under which children under the age of five remain healthy or become ill with three
fatal diseases, namely, malaria, diarrhea, and acute respiratory infection. The major objective of the
paper was to identify the principal determinants of child morbidity and to pinpoint possible areas
where current health programmes could be improved to secure greater child survival. Logistic
regression is applied on the data to examine the relationship between women status as indicated by
various social and economic factors and the morbidity status of their children. The results show that
the marital status, mother’s age, number of children living at home, and region are significant in
predicting the morbidity status of children for all the three ailments. The results also show that the
location of the household on the wealth scale, occupation status, religious affiliation, literacy status
and education were significant in predicting the morbidity status of children for either one or two
ailments. On the other hand, media use, and household environmental conditions were not
significantly associated with the morbidity status of children for any of the ailments. The factors
identified as significant in predicting the morbidity status of children have provided an indication
of the direction health programmes could take. There is need for the government to continue efforts
to increase availability of health services especially in rural areas. In addition, since the sicknesses
considered in this analysis are largely preventable, strengthening various components of the Primary
Health Care health provision strategy could substantially improve the health of children.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol15/iss9/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1087
2010-03-17T00:12:48Z
publication:pscpapers
Youth Integration, Social Cohesion, and Social Capital: An Analysis of the General Social Survey on Time Use
Ravanera, Zenaida R.
Fernando, Rajulton
Turcotte, Pierre
2002-06-01T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 01-10
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol15/iss10/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1084
2010-03-17T00:02:24Z
publication:pscpapers
Child Poverty and Family Structure In Canada
Kerr, Don
Beaujot, Roderic
2001-05-01T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 01-7
This paper examines the relationship between family structure and child poverty in Canada over
the 1981-1997 period. While recognising the many methodological and conceptual difficulties encountered
in efforts to document child poverty over time, two alternate indicators are used, Statistics Canada’s official
low income cut-offs, and an alternate indicator of "deep poverty”. Using the Survey of Consumer
Finances (1981, 1989 and 1997), trends in low income are considered, along with concurrent changes in the
structure of Canadian families with children. Particular attention is paid to trends in the incidence of lone
parenthood, the number of children per family, and the age of parents (as an indicator of recent shifts in the
timing of childbearing). Overall, these changes are found to have offsetting effects on the incidence of
child poverty, such that irrespective of a substantial growth in the incidence of lone parenthood, the overall
impact of changes in family composition have been relatively modest.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol15/iss7/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1085
2010-03-17T00:05:25Z
publication:pscpapers
Family Relations, Low Income and Child Outcomes: A Comparison of Canadian Children in Intact, Step and Lone Parent Families
Kerr, Don
Beaujot, Roderic
2001-05-01T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 01-8
This paper examines conditions that are more likely to lead to positive or negative child
outcomes in intact, female lone parent and reconstituted families. Family type is found to
be more important than low income in predicting a set of behavioural, emotional and
psychological difficulties. After establishing measurement equivalence across family
types, multiple group analysis using structural equation modelling shows that the
explanatory factors also operate differently in the various family settings. In particular,
low income has a significant impact on childhood difficulties in lone parent and stepfamilies,
but not in intact families. Family functioning has less impact on children’s
outcomes in step-families than in intact or lone parent families, and larger family size
predicts negative child outcomes only in non-intact families. These observations can be
interpreted in terms of the impact of family type on the transfer of financial, human and
social capital to children.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol15/iss8/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1088
2012-10-11T11:45:19Z
publication:pscpapers
Intergenerational Support and Family Cohesion
Fernando, Rajulton
Ravanera, Zenaida R.
2001-06-01T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Demography, Population, and Ecology
Article
<p>Discussion Paper no. 01-11</p>
<p>Abstract not available</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol15/iss11/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1090
2010-03-18T23:55:10Z
publication:pscpapers
Models of Earning and Caring: Evidence from Canadian Time-Use Data
Beaujot, Roderic
Liu, Jianye
2001-07-01T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 01-13
Family models can usefully consider the production and reproduction roles of women and men. For husband-wife families, the breadwinner, one-earner, or complementary-roles model has
advantages in terms of efficiency/specialization and stability, but it is a high risk model for women and children in the face of the inability or unwillingness of the breadwinner to provide
for (especially former) spouse and children. The alternate model has been called two-earner,
companionship, “new families” or collaborative in the sense of spouses collaborating in both the paid and unpaid work needed to provide for and care for the family. When there are children, this can be called the co-provider and co-parenting model.
Adopting the common metric of time-use to study both paid and unpaid work, the Canadian national surveys of 1986, 1992 and 1998 show that the traditional or neo-traditional models remain the most common, and the “double burden” is the second most frequent, but there is some evidence of change in the direction of more symmetric arrangements, especially for younger couples with children, when both are employed full-time. Patterns over the life course clearly indicate that women carry much more of the burden in terms of accommodating the meshing that needs to occur between productive and reproductive activities. Policies that would modernize families are discussed, including those that would reduce dependency in relationships.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol15/iss13/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1089
2012-10-11T11:41:11Z
publication:pscpapers
The Sociology of Risk and Social Demographic Change
Hall, David
2001-05-01T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Demography, Population, and Ecology
Article
<p>Discussion Paper no. 01-12</p>
<p>Abstract not available</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol15/iss12/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1092
2010-03-19T00:03:48Z
publication:pscpapers
Residential Location and Intra City Mobility in an African City: Some Empirical Observations among Migrants in Metropolitan Accra, Ghana
Gyimah, S. Obeng-Manu
2001-10-01T07:00:00Z
Ghana
Accra
Migrants
Residential
Mobility
Relocation
Behaviour
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 01-15
Although many facets of the migration phenomena in sub-Saharan Africa have been studied
extensively, there is a paucity of research on residential mobility behavior of migrants. This
exploratory study examines the residential mobility in Accra, Ghana, using a retrospective survey of
randomly selected migrant households. To examine the direction of moves, Accra was delineated into
three major zones: the inner city, former periphery and recent periphery. The results demonstrate
that unlike studies elsewhere, the inner zone of Accra does not serve as the major port of entry for
migrants. While the former periphery served as the zone of entry for the majority of the migrants in
the past, the recent periphery has become the predominant entry point in recent years, and has also
become the zone to which most home owners eventually move. This change in the zone of entry over
time has been explained through a ‘push-pull’ framework. Also, there is a significant association
between ethnicity and area of initial residence. With the exception of the Akans, there is a marked
concentration of ethnic groups in certain sectors of the city. For instance, almost two thirds of the
Mole-Dagbanis initially settled in the former periphery. Using a multinomial logit model to estimate
the direction of residential movement, it was found that although the majority of movements were
intra-sectoral, different trajectories were observed for renters and home owners. The policy
implications of the findings and directions for further research are discussed.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol15/iss15/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1091
2010-03-18T23:59:13Z
publication:pscpapers
Missing Data in Quantitative Social Research
Gyimah, S. Obeng-Manu
2001-10-01T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 01-14
Almost invariably, the data available to the social scientist display one or more characteristics of missing information. Even though reasons for non response are varied, most frequently, they reflect the unwillingness of respondents to provide information on undesirable social behaviours and on issues considered as private. Besides these, sloppy research designs often leads to ambiguous and poorly structured survey questions which
provide a recipe for low response. Longitudinal surveys also suffer from incompleteness due to attrition resulting from death and emigration, while in retrospective surveys, memory effect might be a major source of non-response.
While there is no consensus among methodologists on the single most effective technique of handling missing information, certain pertinent questions need to be addressed: should we completely ignore the missing data and proceed with the analysis? What are the implicit assumptions if one adopts such an approach and how unbiased will our estimates be? This paper reviews a variety of methods of handling missing information.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol15/iss14/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1093
2010-03-19T22:28:17Z
publication:pscpapers
Integration at Late Life: Inclusion, Participation, and Belonging among the Elderly
Ravanera, Zenaida R.
Fernando, Rajulton
2001-12-01T08:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 01-16
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol15/iss16/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1094
2010-03-19T22:32:53Z
publication:pscpapers
Family Transformations and the Well-being of Children: Recent Evidence from Canadian Longitudinal Data
Kerr, Don
2001-12-01T08:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 01-17
This paper uses longitudinal data to examine negative child outcomes among young
children in Canada. In following a cohort of children as they move through their early
elementary school years, a slight decline in hyperactivity is documented, as is a slight
increase in internalizing difficulties. After introducing a longitudinal dimension to our
analysis, both family structure and income poverty are found to have a weaker effect
on child outcomes than was initially anticipated. The current analysis also
demonstrates the utility of LISREL’s “weighted least squares” estimation procedure in
the development of structural equation models while working with ordinal and/or
censored variables.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol15/iss17/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1095
2010-03-19T22:37:30Z
publication:pscpapers
Children, Social Assistance and Outcomes: Cross-national Comparisons
Beaujot, Roderic
Liu, Jianye
2002-06-01T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 01-20
The prevalence of low income for children, especially for children in lone-parent families, varies
considerably across countries. This paper considers five sets of hypotheses that may explain this
cross-national variability of child poverty. The tentative conclusion from this analysis in 20
countries is that reducing child poverty, and in lone-parent families in particular, requires several
approaches. Provisions that would discourage teenage childbearing would have their importance,
as would opportunities for lone mothers to work. More important is the generosity of social
expenditure applying to individuals and especially to families. The present analysis also shows
the advantages of encouraging joint custody, along with special provisions for lone parents, and
child support through advance maintenance payments.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol15/iss18/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1096
2010-03-19T22:44:31Z
publication:pscpapers
Immigration and the Future of Canada’s Population
Beaujot, Roderic
Matthews, Deborah
2000-01-01T08:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 00-1
This paper considers the effect of immigration on the size and demographic structure of Canada.
Following a brief overview of the history of immigration in this country, we evaluate the effects of migration on population growth, age composition and geographic distribution. Immigration has a very limited impact on the age structure, and thus has very limited value as a tool to decrease the dependency ratio. However, given that fertility has stabilized well below the
replacement rate for the past twenty years, immigration will play an increasingly important role in population growth and can be an effective tool to avoid population decline. However,
because the vast majority of immigrants move to the largest cities, and below-replacement fertility rates are a country-wide phenomenon, immigration will do little to ameliorate population decline in all but the very largest metropolitan areas.
Demographic arguments alone cannot be used to justify the level of Canadian immigration and
there is nothing magical about the orientation to maintain population growth or avoid population decline. While one can argue that significant declines or particularly high growth may be problematic, it is not clear where the optimum may lie and this probably changes over time.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol14/iss1/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1097
2010-03-19T22:47:23Z
publication:pscpapers
Canada’s Demographic Future: Some Reflections on Projection Assumptions
Beaujot, Roderic
2000-05-08T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 00-2
Projections since the start of the Canada Pension Plan have been reasonably accurate with
regard to population size, but they have under-projected population aging, and thus the ratio of
beneficiaries to contributors. A case is made for long terms assumptions including fertility of 1.6
births per woman, life expectancy of 85, and net immigration of 0.47 per 100 population. By
2026, there will be fewer than three persons aged 20-64 per person aged 65 and over, compared
to over six when the program was started. According to medium projections, the proportion 20-64 to 65+ will change from 4.9 in 2000 to 2.2 in 2100. This will also be in the context of a slower
growing and aging labour force. Population policies are considered that would seek to avoid
population decline and reduce the pace of aging.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol14/iss2/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1099
2010-03-19T22:54:41Z
publication:pscpapers
Multiple Levels of Analysis: Prospects and Challenges for the Family Transformation and Social Cohesion Project
Ravanera, Zenaida R.
Fernando, Rajulton
2000-05-01T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 00-4
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol14/iss4/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1098
2010-03-19T22:52:16Z
publication:pscpapers
Explaining Human Fertility: One Theory or Many Theories?
Burch, Thomas K.
2000-05-01T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 00-3
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol14/iss3/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1100
2010-03-27T03:09:26Z
publication:pscpapers
Theoretical and Analytical Aspects of Longitudinal Research
Fernando, Rajulton
Ravanera, Zenaida R.
2000-05-01T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 00-5
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol14/iss5/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:pscpapers-1101
2010-03-27T03:08:23Z
publication:pscpapers
A Supplementary Review of Existing HIV/AIDS Models with the View of Adopting/Adapting One or More Models for National and Provincial Population Projections in South Africa
Bah, Sulaiman
2000-07-01T07:00:00Z
Sociology, Population Studies
Article
Discussion Paper no. 00-6
Abstract not available
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/pscpapers/vol14/iss6/1
1109080/simple-dublin-core/100//