2024-03-29T13:40:18Z
http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/do/oai/
oai:works.bepress.com:mark_cleveland-1023
2012-01-25T23:57:57Z
publication:mark_cleveland
Ethnic Identity’s Relationship to Materialism and Consumer Ethnocentrism: Contrasting Consumers in Developed and Emerging Economies
Cleveland, Mark
Laroche, Michel
Papadopoulos, Nicolas
2011-10-07T07:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/mark_cleveland/21
http://www.jgams.net/cyboard/board.html?id=jgams&code=20100218_110052_40240&o_admin=&o_search=&o_searchstr=&i_category1=&i_category2=&i_category3=&o_mode=view&page=1&o_seq=380&o_list_no=356
Mark Cleveland
SelectedWorks
Ethnic Identity
Materialism
Consumer Ethnocentrism
Consumer behaviour
Ethnicity
International Business
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
Marketing
oai:works.bepress.com:shahbaz_sheikh-1011
2011-06-28T23:18:05Z
publication:shahbaz_sheikh
Institutionalization of software product line: An empirical investigation of key organizational factors
Ahmed, Faheem
Capretz, Luiz Fernando
Sheikh, Shahbaz A
A good fit between the person and the organization is essential in a better organizational performance. This is even more crucial in case of institutionalization of a software product line practice within an organization. Employees’ participation, organizational behavior and management contemplation play a vital role in successfully institutionalizing software product lines in a company. Organizational dimension has been weighted as one of the critical dimensions in software product line theory and practice. A comprehensive empirical investigation to study the impact of some organizational factors on the performance of software product line practice is presented in this work. This is the first study to empirically investigate and demonstrate the relationships between some of the key organizational factors and software product line performance of an organization. The results of this investigation provide empirical evidence and further support the theoretical foundations that in order to institutionalize software product lines within an organization, organizational factors play an important role.
2007-06-01T07:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/shahbaz_sheikh/6
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2006.09.010
Shahbaz A Sheikh
SelectedWorks
Software product line
Empirical software engineering
Organizational theory
Organizational management
Organizational behavior
Institutional Economics
Corporate Finance
Finance and Financial Management
oai:works.bepress.com:daniel_brou-1000
2009-06-18T19:55:26Z
publication:daniel_brou
Winning at Hide-and-Seek: The Tax Mix and the Informal Economy
Brou, Daniel
Collins, Kirk
In this article the authors develop a general equilibrium model to evaluate the effects of changes in the mix of direct and indirect taxes on the informal economy, which they estimate was about 11 percent of gross domestic product in 1994. They analyze the impact of increases in only one tax rate in order to assess the revenue-raising abilities of each taxation method. They also analyze the impact of equal-yield changes in the tax mix to measure and compare the effects of favouring one taxation method over another. Results from the general equilibrium model suggest that direct taxation is preferable to indirect taxation when a government is concerned with limiting informal economic activity. A more important finding, perhaps, is that, in light of the existence of an informal sector, the poor prefer indirect taxation while the rich prefer direct. As a corollary, the authors estimate government revenue lost as a result of informal economic activity to be about $13.6 billion.
2002-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/daniel_brou/1
http://www.ctf.ca/ctjindex/01ctj6.asp
Daniel Brou
SelectedWorks
Tax mix
tax policy
tax evasion
tax avoidance
underground economy
Canada
Economics
Public Economics
oai:works.bepress.com:daniel_brou-1002
2012-02-21T05:26:40Z
publication:daniel_brou
Lobbying, Bargaining and EU Enlargement
Brou, Daniel
Ruta, Michele
The past fifty years of European integration can be seen as the result of a two-level political game: at home national governments interacted strategically with organized interest groups, while in the European arena interstate distributional conflicts were solved by bargaining. Applying this scheme to the actual process of Enlargement to Eastern and Central European nations we show that, if there is a surplus from political integration, all countries receive a positive benefit from Enlargement. However, contrary to conventional wisdom, being the outcomes of the bargaining process shaped by relative power, our results suggest that EU members could gain more from Enlargement than entering countries.
2003-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/daniel_brou/3
http://www.rivistapoliticaeconomica.it/2003/genfeb/brouruta.php
Daniel Brou
SelectedWorks
Political Economy
Lobbying
Bargaining
EU Enlargement
Economics
International Economics
Political Economy
oai:works.bepress.com:daniel_brou-1001
2012-02-21T05:21:02Z
publication:daniel_brou
Special Interests and the Gains from Political Integration
Brou, Daniel
Ruta, Michele
This paper presents a formal study of economic influence by special-interest groups under political integration and separation. We first show that countries where more groups are organized to lobby gain from political integration on economic grounds. The reason is that a more organized country, under a political union, can affect policies in the other country to its advantage, something that a less organized country can do to a lesser extent. We then study the interaction of political integration and endogenous lobbying structure. We show that political integration affects the formation of interest groups. Moreover, if a country is more organized before political integration, this will continue to be the case afterward.
2006-07-01T07:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/daniel_brou/2
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2006.00168.x
Daniel Brou
SelectedWorks
Lobbying
Public Goods
Political Unions
EU Enlargement
Economics
International Economics
Political Economy
oai:works.bepress.com:mark_cleveland-1016
2011-04-17T05:48:55Z
publication:mark_cleveland
Determinants of In-Store Information Search Strategies Pertaining to a Christmas Gift Purchase
Laroche, Michel
Saad, Gad
Browne, Elizabeth
Cleveland, Mark
Kim, Chankon
This study examines consumers' use of in-store information sources while Christmas shopping. A literature review identifies a number of situational, personal, and démographic variables that may influence search behaviour for a Christmas gift. A survey was conducted soon after the Christmas season to investigate the effects of the identified variables on search behaviour pertaining to a clothing gift. Findings indicate that in-store search behaviour consists of three dimensions: general information search (e.g., dispays, comparing prices/brands), specific information search (e.g., labels, packaging), and assistance of sales clerks. Each search dimension was regressed on the identified variables, and determinants were obtained. Situational variables consistently outper-forn all other variables, and personal variables outper-form demographics for the two nonpersonal search variables. Implications for further research and for practitioners are provided.
2000-03-01T08:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/mark_cleveland/17
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-4490.2000.tb00203.x
Mark Cleveland
SelectedWorks
Information search
Gift purchase
International Business
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
Marketing
oai:works.bepress.com:mark_cleveland-1007
2011-04-17T04:20:22Z
publication:mark_cleveland
Shades of Green: Linking Environmental Locus of Control and Pro-Environmental Behaviors
Cleveland, Mark
Kalamas, Maria
Laroche, Michel
Purpose – The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of various attitudes and personality characteristics on environmentally-friendly behaviors, from a locus of control (LOC) perspective. Specifically, we developed and tested a model linking a related construct, environmental locus of control (ELOC), to a series of pro-environmental behaviors. Design/methodology/approach – The context related to various personal and household behaviors vis-à-vis the environment, and the subject pool consisted of a diverse group of urban consumers. A survey was employed to measure various attitudinal and personality variables corresponding to internal/external locus of control, as well as a battery of pro-environmental behaviors. The research propositions were tested using a structural equation modeling approach. Findings – We found four distinct dimensions of ELOC, two of which relate to an external LOC (“biospheric-altruism” and “corporate skepticism”) and the other two relate to an internal LOC (“economic motivation” and “individual recycling efforts”). We then linked these four dimensions to a variety of pro-environmental behaviors. Highly variable patterns were obtained, with different dimensions assuming a greater or lesser impact, or no role at all, depending on the specific behavior under analysis. Research limitations/implications – Generalizability of the findings is limited due to the sample (urban consumers from one major city), and the method employed (validity of self-report measures and the non-experimental nature of the field study). Practical implications – Our findings highlight the importance of considering the specificity of pro-environmental behaviors, when assessing the antecedent roles of pro-environmental attitudes/dispositions, which are in-and-of-themselves, complex and multidimensional. Originality/value – In this era of environmental degradation, researchers, managers, and public policy makers alike need to consider that pro-environmental attitudes are composed of multiple dispositional facets, and that the role of these facets is highly context-specific.
2005-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/mark_cleveland/8
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363760510605317
Mark Cleveland
SelectedWorks
Consumer behaviour
Green marketing
Social responsibility
Marketing
International Business
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
Marketing
oai:works.bepress.com:mark_cleveland-1001
2024-03-29T13:40:13Z
publication:mark_cleveland
Cosmopolitanism, Consumer Ethnocentrism, and Materialism: An Eight-Country Study of Antecedents and Outcomes
Cleveland, Mark
Laroche, Michel
Papadopoulos, Nicolas
Although there is a consensus that industries are globalizing, the notion that consumer attitudes and behaviors worldwide are likewise homogenizing remains disputed. Despite widespread discourse on this topic, there is a dearth of empirical investigations. This international research examines similarities and differences with respect to the nature of three consumer attitudinal dispositions: cosmopolitanism, consumer ethnocentrism, and materialism. The authors cross-culturally compare demographic antecedents with these dispositions, as well as behavioral outcomes. They test the validation of the construct measures and associated hypotheses using survey data drawn from consumers in eight countries and structural equation modeling techniques, including multigroup analysis. Empirical findings broadly support the cross-cultural applicability of the constructs, though the links to the various demographic antecedents vary considerably from sample to sample. The role of each construct on behavior also varies substantially across the range of product categories considered and across and between national groups.
2009-03-01T08:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/mark_cleveland/2
Mark Cleveland
SelectedWorks
Business
International Business
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
Marketing
Social and Behavioral Sciences
oai:works.bepress.com:mark_cleveland-1006
2011-04-17T05:39:03Z
publication:mark_cleveland
Competitive Advertising Interference and Ad Repetition Effects: Comparing High-share and Low-share Brands
Laroche, Michel
Cleveland, Mark
Maravelakis, Irene
This empirical study brings together prior research on competitive advertising effects from two perspectives: ad repetition and brand familiarity. Specifically, we compare free and cued recall, attitude accessibility and valence, and purchase intentions, for high-share and low-share brands in two mature markets, manipulating levels of target ad repetition and competitive advertising. Overall, recall and attitude accessibility were the most affected by different combinations of ad repetition and competition. For low-share brands, recall was generally greater in the absence of competition; for high-share brands, in certain cases, recall was greater in the presence of competition. Distinct quadratic patterns of attitude accessibility were observed, depending on whether competing ads were present (inverted 'U-shape') or absent ('U-shape'). Preferences (attitude valence, purchase intentions) were relatively stable across conditions. Directions for future research are proposed.
2006-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/mark_cleveland/7
http://www.internationaljournalofadvertising.com/ArticleViewer.aspx?ID=82436
Mark Cleveland
SelectedWorks
Advertising
Brand identification
Brand choice
Competition
Consumer attitudes
Marketing
Marketing strategy
Advertising research
International Business
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
Marketing
oai:works.bepress.com:mark_cleveland-1014
2011-04-17T05:49:39Z
publication:mark_cleveland
Attitude Accessibility, Certainty and the Attitude-Behavior Relationship: An Empirical Study of Ad Repetition and Competitive Interference Effects
Laroche, Michel
Cleveland, Mark
Maravelakis, Irene
This empirical study considers the influence of both advertising repetition and brand share on attitudes, attitude accessibility, attitude certainty, and the overall attitude--behaviour (a-b) relationship in the context of television advertisements. Levels of ad exposure and target brand market share were manipulated. Similar to earlier research, ad repetition was found to benefit attitude accessibility only for the low brand share target products. Differential patterns of attitude accessibility were obtained between the competition (reverse U-shape) and no-competition (U-shape) conditions, across increasing levels of ad exposures. Surprisingly, little support was found for the notion that attitude accessibility exerts a strong influence on purchase intentions. Some evidence, however, was found to support the proposition that attitude certainty plays a role in the a-b relationship. Directions for future research are also proposed.
2002-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/mark_cleveland/15
http://www.internationaljournalofadvertising.com/ArticleViewer.aspx?ID=76507
Mark Cleveland
SelectedWorks
Television advertising
Consumer attitudes
Consumer behavior
Advertising
Competition
Market share
Advertising effectiveness
Product management
Brand image
Marketing management
Category management
Consumers' preferences
Consumer behaviour
Marketing
International Business
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
Marketing
oai:works.bepress.com:mark_cleveland-1000
2024-03-29T13:40:13Z
publication:mark_cleveland
Acculturation and Consumption: Textures of Cultural Adaptation
Cleveland, Mark
Laroche, Michel
Pons, Frank
Kastoun, Rony
This study examines patterns of cultural adaptation of an ethnic minority as manifested in consumption of traditional ethnic and mainstream culture foods. A survey, containing multiple measures of several ethnic identification and acculturation dimensions, along with consumption frequencies of both traditional and mainstream culture foods, was administered to a sample of ethnic Lebanese residing in a predominately French-speaking urban area. The results confirm that ethnic identity and acculturation are distinct processes, providing strong support for dual process models of cultural adaptation. A series of structural equation models linking the twin cultural influences to the consumption of traditional home and mainstream host food categories found little support for the linearity assumption between cultural adaptation and consumption behavior. Rather, the relationship between ethnic identity, acculturation, and consumption behaviors appears to be far more complex, and specific to the food category under consideration. Mapping these patterns of cultural adaptation, we articulate a new typology, relating the extent and particular combinations that home and host cultural influences impact consumption behavior.
2009-05-01T07:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/mark_cleveland/1
Mark Cleveland
SelectedWorks
Business
International Business
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
Marketing
Social and Behavioral Sciences
oai:works.bepress.com:mark_cleveland-1004
2024-03-29T13:40:13Z
publication:mark_cleveland
Acculturation to the Global Consumer Culture: Scale Development and Research Paradigm
Cleveland, Mark
Laroche, Michel
The globalization of the marketplace and how this process is shaping the cultural characteristics of people around the world is arguably the most critical issue facing international marketing managers today. Powerful forces such as capitalism, global transport, communications, marketing and advertising, and transnational cosmopolitanism are interacting to dissolve the boundaries across national cultures and economies and in the eyes of some, accelerating the emergence of a homogeneous global consumer culture. The conventional method of using countries as the cultural unit of analysis or as a basis for market segmentation, is increasingly ill-advised, given that most of the world's countries are already multicultural and growing ever more so, and even within relatively homogeneous nations, individuals vary substantially in the extent to which they identify with, adhere to, and practice cultural norms. Many researchers argue that increasing globalization is reducing the homogeneity of consumer behaviors within countries, while increasing communalities across countries. Despite the importance of and widespread sociological discourse on this topic, (1) a scarcity of studies exists that have simultaneously considered both global and local cultural influences on consumer behavior, and (2) a scale for measuring how individuals acquire and become a part of this emerging global consumer culture is lacking. This article focuses on the development and validation of a multidimensional scale for the measurement of acculturation to global consumer culture, and is part of a larger international study examining the complex interaction and contextual nature of local and global cultural influences on consumer behavior. The article concludes with a proposed research paradigm intended to model such phenomena.
2007-03-01T08:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/mark_cleveland/5
Mark Cleveland
SelectedWorks
Business
International Business
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
Marketing
Social and Behavioral Sciences
oai:works.bepress.com:mark_cleveland-1011
2011-04-17T05:14:57Z
publication:mark_cleveland
The Knowledge-Experience-Evaluation Relationship: A Structural Equations Modeling Test of Gender Differences
Laroche, Michel
Cleveland, Mark
Bergeron, Jasmin
Goutaland, Christine
This study examines the differences between males and females concerning the relationship of subjective knowledge (SK), experience (EXP), and perceived product evaluation difficulty (DE). Using survey data, we test structural equation models (SEM) of the relationships between these three variables, in the context of four product categories. We verify, via confirmatory factor analysis, that EXP and SK are separate yet related constructs. We then test separate (m/f) SEM models, followed by multi-group model analysis. A number of significant gender differences are revealed. For males, SK fully mediates the relationship between EXP and DE, whereas for females the latter is both directly and indirectly (via SK) related to EXP. Females' DE scores are higher than males in most of the product categories considered. Other observed gender differences, implications, and future research directions are discussed.
2003-09-01T07:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/mark_cleveland/12
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-4490.2003.tb00315.x
Mark Cleveland
SelectedWorks
Gender differences
International Business
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
Marketing
oai:works.bepress.com:mark_cleveland-1017
2011-04-17T05:56:06Z
publication:mark_cleveland
Cosmopolitanism, Individual-level Values and Cultural-level Values: A Cross-cultural Study
Cleveland, Mark
Erdoğan, Seçil
Arıkan, Gülay
Poyraz, Tuğça
Cosmopolitanism (COS) is an important consumer characteristic for international market segmentation. To date, no empirical studies investigate how COS relates to consumer values. This research, involving samples of Canadians and Turks, focuses on the associations of individual- and cultural-level values to COS dispositions, and compares these relationships cross-culturally. The findings support the cross-cultural applicability of these constructs. While some of the COS-values relationships are consistent across the two cultures, others differ. Overall, COS is much more strongly associated with Schwartz's individual and cultural level values than with either Hofstede's cultural dimensions or demographics.
2011-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/mark_cleveland/18
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.11.015
Mark Cleveland
SelectedWorks
Cosmopolitanism
Cross-cultural
Values
Cultural dimensions
Consumer behaviour
Culture
International Business
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
Marketing
oai:works.bepress.com:shahbaz_sheikh-1001
2011-06-28T23:09:34Z
publication:shahbaz_sheikh
Antitakeover amendments and managerial entrenchment: New evidence from investment policy and CEO compensation
Chakraborty, Atreya
Sheikh, Shahbaz A
We explore the relation between antitakeover amendments and firm investment in long-term assets. Empirical results indicate that an increase in the G-index of Gompers et al. (2003) is associated with less investment in R&D and reduced capital expenditures. These results suggest that protection from takeover threat increases managerial entrenchment and results in underinvestment. We also find that this increased entrenchment is associated with higher total and cash compensation and fewer performance incentives for managers, suggesting that protected managers influence their own pay. These results are robust to a number of robustness checks and remain significant after controlling for industry effects. Overall, our results support the managerial entrenchment view—both investment decisions and CEO compensations reflect significant agency costs for firms with higher managerial entrenchment from antitakeover amendments.
2010-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/shahbaz_sheikh/1
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=55425558&site=ehost-live
Shahbaz A Sheikh
SelectedWorks
Antitakeover Provisions
Entrenchment
CEO compensation
Corporate Governance
Corporate Finance
Finance and Financial Management
oai:works.bepress.com:shahbaz_sheikh-1009
2011-06-28T23:19:02Z
publication:shahbaz_sheikh
Determinants of asset ownership: Some evidence from the US trucking industry
Sheikh, Shahbaz A
This study empirically investigates the factors that affect a firm's asset ownership decisions - specifically buying vs. contracting out. Using a unique data on the US trucking industry, it is found that the use of sophisticated monitoring technologies provides firms with coordination and performance measurement tools and reduces the likelihood of the use of owner operators. Similarly, the less-than-trackload (LTL) segment of the industry and specialized assets result in vertical integration. On the other hand, contracting to owner operators is more likely for longer and time-sensitive hauls. Finally, firm size and profitability are negatively related to the choice of owner operators while fmancial leverage does not seem to have any impact on this choice. My results indicate that the predominance of company drivers in the trucking industry is a market response to the institutional set up of the trucking industry and can be explained by both the transaction costs and agency costs theories.
2007-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/shahbaz_sheikh/5
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=30004861&site=ehost-live
Shahbaz A Sheikh
SelectedWorks
Asset ownership
U.S.
Trucking industry
Institutional Economics
Corporate Finance
Finance and Financial Management
oai:works.bepress.com:mark_cleveland-1003
2024-03-29T13:40:13Z
publication:mark_cleveland
Globals, Locals, and Creoles: Acculturation to Global Consumer Culture, Ethnic Identity, and Consumptionscapes
Cleveland, Mark
2007-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/mark_cleveland/4
Mark Cleveland
SelectedWorks
Business
International Business
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
Marketing
Social and Behavioral Sciences
oai:works.bepress.com:mark_cleveland-1002
2024-03-29T13:40:13Z
publication:mark_cleveland
Migration and Materialism: The Roles of Ethnic Identity, Religiosity, and Generation
Cleveland, Mark
Chang, William
Culture is the most complex and powerful influence on consumer behavior. Within culturally heterogeneous societies, marketing managers must consider the psychological and behavioral effects that emanate from ethnic identity. Of the many values that immigrants bring to their adopted home, some have their basis in religious beliefs. Most migration occurs from the developing to the developed world, where the acquisition of and devotion to material possessions typify post-industrial society. A largely unanswered question concerns how members of immigrant communities cope with the conflicting values associated with materialism, and those associated with ethnic communal ties and religious fulfillment. This research focuses on materialism as manifested among first- and second-generation Korean-Canadians, as a function of both ethnic identity and religiosity. The researchers uncover generational differences on the interrelationships of these three constructs.
2009-10-01T07:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/mark_cleveland/3
Mark Cleveland
SelectedWorks
Business
International Business
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
Marketing
Social and Behavioral Sciences
oai:works.bepress.com:shahbaz_sheikh-1005
2011-06-28T23:23:00Z
publication:shahbaz_sheikh
Termination risk and managerial risk taking
Chakraborty, Atreya
Sheikh, Shahbaz A
Subramanian, Narayanana
We test the hypothesis that managers who face a high termination risk make less risky investments than the managers who face a low termination risk. A 10% increase in our measure of termination risk is associated with a 5%–23% decline in stock returns volatility for the median firm in our sample. We also find that for CEOs who are more likely to be fired in the event of investment failure, the inhibiting effect of termination risk appears to offset the positive effect of convexity of managerial compensation on managerial risk taking. These results are robust to alternative definitions of forced turnover and various measures of firm performances.
2007-03-01T08:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/shahbaz_sheikh/3
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2006.04.001
Shahbaz A Sheikh
SelectedWorks
Executive compensation
Management turnover
Incentive contacts
Volatility
Corporate Finance
Corporate Finance
Finance and Financial Management
oai:works.bepress.com:mark_cleveland-1008
2011-04-17T05:21:50Z
publication:mark_cleveland
“I” versus “We”: How Individualists and Collectivists Use Information Sources to Formulate Their Service Expectations
Laroche, Michel
Kalamas, Maria
Cleveland, Mark
Purpose – To examine the impact of culture on customer service expectations, specifically, how individualists and collectivists use internal and external sources of information to formulate their service expectations. Design/methodology/approach – The context was the airline industry and the subject pool consisted of experienced consumers. A survey was employed to measure individualism/collectivism, various internal/external information sources, and the functional and technical dimensions of “should” and “will” service expectations. Hypothesized relationships were tested using a structural equations modeling approach. Findings – Both individualists and collectivists relied more on external information sources in formulating their service expectations, gave variable weight to the functional and technical components, and used more realistic “will” expectations to judge service offerings. Internal (external) information sources were relatively more important in forming expectations for collectivists (individualists) than for individualists (collectivists), and “will” (“should”) expectations were more diagnostic for collectivists (individualists) than for individualists (collectivists). Research limitations/implications – Generalizability of the findings is limited due to the specific industry under study (airlines), the sample (two geographically-proximate sub-cultures), and the scope of the cultural variables considered (individualism/collectivism). Practical implications – Whether managers should leverage the functional and/or technical components of services depends in part on the cultural orientation of their customers. Managers should also recognize that customers’ usage of various information sources in forming service expectations is also, in part, culturally determined. Originality/value – In this era of globalization, researchers and managers alike need to consider the subtle influences of culture on marketing theories and the formulation of service expectations respectively.
2005-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/mark_cleveland/9
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651330510602213
Mark Cleveland
SelectedWorks
Airlines
Collectivism
Culture (sociology)
Individual behaviour
Information control
Service levels
Consumer behaviour
Service level
Culture
Information search
International Business
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
Marketing
oai:works.bepress.com:shahbaz_sheikh-1003
2011-06-28T23:10:36Z
publication:shahbaz_sheikh
The relationship between incentive compensation and forced CEO turnover
Chakraborty, Atreya
Sheikh, Shahbaz A
Subramanian, Narayanan
We study the relationship between incentive compensation and performance related CEO turnover. Our theoretical model predicts that the slope of the compensation contract and forced turnover may be complements. Our results support this prediction. We find that incentives and turnover are positively related. This relationship however, varies with the equity ownership of CEOs and does not hold for CEOs who own more than 5% equity. Moreover, this relationship is stronger if the firm under performs its industry. Our results suggest that high-powered incentives may increase the signaling power of performance measures and lead to higher likelihood of turnover.
2009-07-01T07:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/shahbaz_sheikh/2
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2008.12.001
Shahbaz A Sheikh
SelectedWorks
Incentives
Executive compensation
Stock options
CEO turnover
Corporate Finance
Corporate Finance
Finance and Financial Management
oai:works.bepress.com:mark_cleveland-1005
2024-03-29T13:40:13Z
publication:mark_cleveland
The Critical Role of Congruency in Prototypical Brand Extensions
Kalamas, Maria
Cleveland, Mark
Laroche, Michel
Laufer, Robert
Drawing on categorization theory, this empirical study focuses on the critical role of congruency in prototypical brand extensions. A survey, measuring reactions to 18 proposed extensions involving six well-known brands (Xerox, Kleenex, Band-Aid, Scotch Tape, Coke, Sony Walkman), was administered to a sample of graduate students. For each prototypical brand, there were three proposed extensions: congruent, moderately congruent, and incongruent. Preliminary analyses, using a series of MANOVAs and post hoc pairwise difference tests, revealed robust variations across the six brands with respect to the level of extension congruency. Using multiple-item indicators for three latent constructs (attitude towards parent brand, extension fit, and extension success) along with two additional variables (prototypicality and manufacturing complexity), we developed and tested three structural equation models linking these aforementioned variables, for congruent, moderately congruent, and incongruent extensions. Results indicate that—irrespective of the level of extension congruency—perceptions of fit had the strongest influence on extension success. However, while parent brand affect directly and indirectly influenced success for congruent brand extensions, these parent-brand associations played no significant role for moderately congruent and incongruent brand extensions. Implications for brand managers and directions for future research are also discussed.
2006-09-01T07:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/mark_cleveland/6
Mark Cleveland
SelectedWorks
International Business
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
Marketing
oai:works.bepress.com:shahbaz_sheikh-1013
2011-06-28T23:25:05Z
publication:shahbaz_sheikh
Corporate governance mechanisms and performance related CEO turnover
Chakraborty, Atreya
Sheikh, Shahbaz A
This study investigates the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on performance related turnover. Our results indicate that smaller boards and institutional block holders are positively related to the likelihood of performance related turnover. CEOs that also hold the position of the chairman of the board or belong to a founding family face lower likelihood of turnover. CEO stock ownership is negatively related to turnover and CEOs who own 3 percent or more of their company stock face a significantly lower likelihood of performance related turnover. Moreover, protection from external control market has no effect either on the likelihood of turnover.
2008-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/shahbaz_sheikh/7
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1569-3767(08)09007-9
Shahbaz A Sheikh
SelectedWorks
Corporate Governance
Corporate Finance
Finance and Financial Management
oai:works.bepress.com:mark_cleveland-1012
2011-04-17T05:50:21Z
publication:mark_cleveland
Christmas Gift Search Behaviors: A Three-Country Comparison
Cleveland, Mark
Babin, Barry J.
Laroche, Michel
Ward, Philippa
This study explores the underlying determinants of in-store information search for a Christmas clothing gift, focusing specifically on cross-cultural differences. A self-administered survey, containing personality, situational, demographic, and search behavior measures, was distributed to a sample of actual consumers residing in 3 countries: Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed 3 distinct and reliable in-store search behaviors (macro, micro, and salesclerk help); exploratory factor analyses revealed 23 independent factors (13 personality and 10 situational). Country sample differences were assessed using chi-square tests, ANOVAs, MANCOVAs, multiple regression analyses, and Chow tests. Cross-national differences were found with respect to the relationships/importance of the various search antecedents to in-store search behaviors. Other observed between-country differences and directions for future research are also discussed.
2003-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/mark_cleveland/13
http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J046v15n04_02
Mark Cleveland
SelectedWorks
Information search; Christmas shopping
Gift buying
International
Cross-cultural consumer behavior
Retail
Consumer behaviour
Culture
Information search
Gift purchase
International Business
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
Marketing
oai:works.bepress.com:mark_cleveland-1009
2011-04-17T04:17:39Z
publication:mark_cleveland
Service Quality Perceptions and Customer Satisfaction: Evaluating the Role of Culture
Laroche, Michel
Ueltschy, Linda C.
Abe, Shuzo
Cleveland, Mark
Yannopoulos, Peter P.
The authors examine the influence of culture on the measurement of service quality and satisfaction in dentists’ office settings. Respondents from the United States, Canada, and Japan participated in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment in which the authors manipulated both expectations (high/low) and service performance (high/low) in a series of scenarios. With partial metric invariance, latent mean comparisons revealed that regardless of expectations, Japanese respondents reported lower quality perceptions and satisfaction ratings when performance was high and higher satisfaction ratings when performance was low than did their U.S. and Canadian counterparts. Thus, there is some evidence that Japanese consumers are more conservative in their evaluations of superior service but are less critical (or more forgiving) of inferior service. The authors also discuss managerial implications and future research directions.
2004-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/mark_cleveland/10
http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.12.3.58.38100
Mark Cleveland
SelectedWorks
Cross-cultural
Service quality
Satisfaction
International marketing
Measurement
Consumer behaviour
Marketing
Service level
Culture
International Business
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
Marketing
oai:works.bepress.com:mark_cleveland-1013
2011-04-17T05:52:24Z
publication:mark_cleveland
Information Search Patterns for Gift Purchases: A Cross-national Examination of Gender Differences
Cleveland, Mark
Babin, Barry J.
Laroche, Michel
Ward, Philippa
Bergeron, Jasmin
This exploratory study examines the underlying determinants as well as the dimensionality of in-store information searches for a Christmas clothing gift, focusing specifically on the differential effect of gender on information acquisition. A self-administered survey, containing personality, situational and standard demographic measures, was administered to actual consumers in three Western countries, shortly after the Christmas season. Confirmatory factor analysis verified that in-store information is indeed a multidimensional construct, composed of three distinct factors: macro information search, micro information search and salesperson help. Consistent with expectations, compared to males, females tended to acquire macro and micro information to a greater extent; males were more apt to seek the assistance of store sales personnel than females. This pattern was generally robust across the three countries. Other observed gender and/or country-sample differences are discussed.
2003-09-01T07:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/mark_cleveland/14
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cb.120
Mark Cleveland
SelectedWorks
Information search
Gender differences
Gift giving
Christmas
Shopping behaviour
Cross-cultural
Consumer behaviour
Culture
Gift purchase
International Business
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
Marketing
oai:works.bepress.com:mark_cleveland-1010
2011-04-17T05:51:40Z
publication:mark_cleveland
Exploring Age-Related Differences in Information Acquisition for a Gift Purchase
Laroche, Michel
Cleveland, Mark
Browne, Elizabeth
This study examines age differences with respect to consumers’ usage of in-store information sources, and the underlying antecedents of in-store information search, in the context of a Christmas clothing gift purchase. The information search literature identifies a number of personality, situational, and demographic variables that are posited to influence the extent of information acquisition. A survey, containing items designed to measure the identified antecedent search variables, as well as usage of various in-store information sources, was administered to actual consumers shortly after the Christmas season. In-store information search appears to be composed of three distinct dimensions: general information search, specific information search, and sales clerk assistance. Distinct patterns of in-store search behavior, in terms of the three identified search dimensions, were apparent for the four age groups (<30, 30–49, 50–59, 60+ years). In addition, the degree to which various personality, situational, and demographic variables influenced in-store search behaviors sharply varied across the four age groups. Other observed age differences, and directions for future research are also discussed.
2004-02-01T08:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/mark_cleveland/11
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2003.06.003
Mark Cleveland
SelectedWorks
Shopping behavior
Age differences
Gift
Christmas
Information search
Consumer behaviour
Gift purchase
International Business
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
Marketing
oai:works.bepress.com:mark_cleveland-1019
2012-01-25T23:41:39Z
publication:mark_cleveland
Identity, Demographics, and Consumer Behaviors: International Market Segmentation across Product Categories
Cleveland, Mark
Papadopoulos, Nicolas
Laroche, Michel
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on two questions that are especially pertinent to international marketers. Is a strong ethnic identity (EID) generally incompatible with a globally-oriented disposition (cosmopolitanism: COS), and to what extent is the EID-COS relationship stable across cultures and countries? What roles do EID and COS play on consumer behavior alongside key demographic variables, and how do these relationships vary across countries and across consumption contexts? Design/methodology/approach – Using a sample of consumers drawn from eight countries, this study identifies and compares bases for international market segmentation. The antecedent roles of EID, COS, and the four demographics variables on the behaviors associated with nine product categories are examined. Findings – The findings imply that consumers are complementing an identity rooted in their traditional culture with one that is globally-oriented. The roles played by demographic and psychographic variables varied considerably, not only across product categories, but moreover, across country samples. Research limitations/implications – The study focuses more on consumer goods and less on intangible services. The sample and sampling approach place some limits on generalizability. Practical implications – The results provide insights for international managers into when (i.e. product categories) and where (i.e. locations) marketing strategies could be standardized across national frontiers, and when and where these strategies should be customized or “glocalized.” Originality/value – The paper makes a significant contribution to the international market segmentation literature, demonstrating the variable impact of demographics and identity across consumer behaviors. The findings bolster the notion that many cultures have the innate facility to glocalize, that is, to absorb foreign or global ideas with the best practices and bond these with native customs. The results further imply that globalization takes on many forms throughout the world.
2011-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/mark_cleveland/19
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651331111132848
Mark Cleveland
SelectedWorks
Consumer behaviour
Globalization
Market segmentation
National cultures
Product management
Acculturation
Consumption
Cosmopolitanism
Ethnicity
International Business
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
Marketing
oai:works.bepress.com:shahbaz_sheikh-1007
2011-06-28T23:21:14Z
publication:shahbaz_sheikh
Repricing and executive turnover
Subramanian, Narayanan
Chakraborty, Atreya
Sheikh, Shahbaz A
We examine whether the threat of executive turnover faced by a firm affects its decision to reprice stock options held by its executives. We estimate a model of voluntary turnover among top executives and show that the predicted turnover from this model is positively related to the probability of repricing. The relationship is robust to the inclusion of several known determinants of repricing. Our results are consistent with a model in which a tight labor market makes executives hard to replace, forcing firms to reprice stock options when they go underwater.
2007-02-01T08:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/shahbaz_sheikh/4
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6288.2007.00164.x
Shahbaz A Sheikh
SelectedWorks
option repricing
executive compensation
incentive compensation
management turnover
CEO turnover
Corporate Finance
Corporate Finance
Finance and Financial Management
oai:works.bepress.com:mark_cleveland-1015
2011-04-17T05:51:04Z
publication:mark_cleveland
Gender Differences in Information Search Strategies for a Christmas Gift
Laroche, Michel
Saad, Gad
Cleveland, Mark
Browne, Elizabeth
Examines the underlying determinants of in-store information search for a Christmas clothing gift, specifically focusing on gender differences. Two non-personal (general and specific) and one personal (sales clerk assistance) in-store information search domains were obtained from the results of a survey of actual consumers carried out shortly after the Christmas season. Consistent with the predictions of the selectivity model, females appeared to comprehensively acquire in-store information, whereas males appeared to heuristically limit their search to a smaller subset of in-store information. More specifically, females scored significantly higher than males on indices of both general and specific information search. Females, compared to males, were also found to start Christmas shopping much earlier, purchase more gifts, and embark on a greater number of shopping trips. Other observed gender differences are discussed.
2000-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/mark_cleveland/16
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363760010349920
Mark Cleveland
SelectedWorks
Consumer behaviour
Gender
Marketing information
Shopping
Marketing
Gender differences
Information search
Gift purchase
International Business
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
Marketing
oai:works.bepress.com:daniel_brou-1004
2013-06-21T14:41:02Z
publication:daniel_brou
Rent Seeking, Market Structure and Growth
Brou, Daniel
Ruta, Michele
We study the role of productive and unproductive entrepreneurship in economic growth, in a setting where firms compete in both economic and political markets. Specifically, firms compete for market share through cost-reducing technological innovation, and they vie for influence over government transfer policy through rent-seeking activities. We find that rent-seeking affects growth in two ways: it allows firms to ignore economic competition, leading to less innovation, and it alters the number of firms that are supported in equilibrium. The former effect is negative, while the latter is ambiguous. We show how these effects depend on various characteristics of economic and political markets.
2013-07-01T07:00:00Z
text
https://works.bepress.com/daniel_brou/5
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sjoe.12014/abstract
Daniel Brou
SelectedWorks
Rent Seeking
Market Structure
R&D Investment
Growth
Welfare
Economics
International Economics
Political Economy
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1000
2009-09-18T00:37:26Z
publication:nursing
publication:nursingpub
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
The Importance of Human Resources Management in Health Care: A Global Context
Kabene, Stefane M.
Orchard, Carole
Howard, John M.
Soriano, Mark A.
Leduc, Raymond
Background: This paper addresses the health care system from a global perspective and the importance of human resources management (HRM) in improving overall patient health outcomes and delivery of health care services.
Methods: We explored the published literature and collected data through secondary sources.
Results: Various key success factors emerge that clearly affect health care practices and human resources management. This paper will reveal how human resources management is essential to any health care system and how it can improve health care models. Challenges in the health care systems in Canada, the United States of America and various developing countries are examined, with suggestions for ways to overcome these problems through the proper implementation of human resources management practices. Comparing and contrasting selected countries allowed a deeper understanding of the practical and crucial role of human resources management in health care.
Conclusion: Proper management of human resources is critical in providing a high quality of health care. A refocus on human resources management in health care and more research are needed to develop new policies. Effective human resources management strategies are greatly needed to achieve better outcomes from and access to health care around the world.
2006-07-27T07:00:00Z
article
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/1
http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/4/1/20
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
human resources management
health care
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1003
2023-03-10T19:55:33Z
publication:healthstudies
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:mospub
publication:healthstudiespub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Phenotypic and Genetic Relationships between Vocational Interests and Personality
Harris, Julie Aitken
Vernon, Philip A.
Johnson, Andrew M.
Jang, Kerry L.
Relationships between personality and vocational interest factors were examined at the phenotypic and genetic levels. Twins and siblings (N = 516) completed self-report personality and vocational interest scales. Following factor analyses of each scale, five personality and six vocational interest factors were extracted. At the phenotypic level, correlations between personality and vocational interests ranged from zero to .33. Heritability estimates of the scales showed that genetic components accounted for 0–56% of the variance for the vocational interest factors and 44–65% for the personality factors. Genetic correlations between the two areas ranged from zero to .50. The results suggest that personality is related to some vocational interest dimensions and that some of these observed relationships have a common genetic basis.
2006-06-01T07:00:00Z
article
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/3
info:doi/10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.024
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.024
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Personality
Vocational interests
Genetics
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Psychology
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:healthstudiespub-1079
2023-03-10T19:56:21Z
publication:healthstudies
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:mospub
publication:healthstudiespub
publication:pmid
publication:faculties
publication:mos
A Behavior Genetic Investigation of the Relationship between Leadership and Personality
Johnson, Andrew M.
Vernon, Philip A.
Harris, Julie Aitken
Jang, Kerry L.
Phenotypic research on leadership style has long considered the importance of individual differences in personality when identifying the behaviors associated with good leaders. Although leadership and many personality traits have been separately shown to be heritable, these constructs have not been examined with genetically informative data to identify common sources of heritability in the two domains. A logical extension to current research, therefore, is to examine the extent to which factors of personality are predictive of leadership dimensions and the extent to which unique genetic contributions to the relationship between personality and leadership style may be identified. Adult twin pairs (183 MZ and 64 same-sex DZ) completed the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and the Personality Research Form (PRF). Univariate analyses indicated that both leadership factors (transformational and transactional leadership) and all five of the "Big Five" factors (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, disagreeableness, and neuroticism) were best fit by genetic models. Multivariate genetic analyses suggest that transformational leadership shows a statistically significant positive genetic correlation with conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness to experience. Transactional leadership shows a significant negative genetic correlation with conscientiousness and extraversion, and a significant positive genetic correlation with disagreeableness. These results underscore the importance of conscientiousness and extraversion in predicting leadership style, and illustrate important differences between transformational and transactional leaders.
2004-02-01T08:00:00Z
article
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/healthstudiespub/79
info:doi/10.1375/13690520460741417
http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/13690520460741417
Health Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Statistical Factor Analysis
Leadership
Middle Aged
Multivariate Analysis
Personality
Adult
Factor Analysis, Statistical
Female
Humans
Male
Questionnaires
Medicine and Health Sciences
Psychology
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1002
2023-03-10T19:56:57Z
publication:healthstudies
publication:psychologypub
publication:psychology
publication:mospub
publication:healthstudiespub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
The Relationship Between Personality and Self-Report Abilities
Schermer, Julie Aitken
Johnson, Andrew M.
Vernon, Philip A.
Jang, Kerry L.
The relationship between self-report abilities and personality was examined at both the phenotypic (zero-order) level as well as at the genetic and environmental levels. Twins and siblings (N = 516) completed self-report ability and personality questionnaires. A factor analysis of the ability questions revealed 10 factors, including politics, interpersonal relationships, practical tasks, intellectual pursuits, academic skills, entrepreneur/business, domestic skills, vocal abilities, and creativity. Five personality factors were examined, including extraversion, conscientiousness, dependence, aggression, and openness. At the phenotypic level, the correlations between the ability factor scores and personality factor scores ranged from 0 to .60 (between political abilities and extraversion). The relationship between the two areas at the genetic level was found to range between –.01 and .60; the environmental correlations ranged from –.01 to .48. The results suggest that some of the self-report ability scores are related to self-report personality, and that some of these observed relationships may have a common genetic basis while others are from a common environmental factor.
2011-01-01T08:00:00Z
article
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/2
info:doi/10.1027/1614-0001/a000035
http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000035
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Ability
Personality
Twins
Behavior genetics
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Psychology
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1004
2012-08-19T17:19:25Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Occupational Community: Opportunity or Threat to Collective Action among Video Game Developers?
Weststar, Johanna
This paper examines the propensity of video game developers to engage in collective action as a response to their employment risks. Mobilization theory (Tilly, 1978, Kelly, 1998) states that workers will move toward collective action if they perceive employment conditions as an ‘injustice’ and attribute that injustice to an external source (i.e., the employer or industry at large). This paper embeds the concept of occupational community (Salaman, 1971) to highlight how the collective norms and values of the video game development occupational community can both help and hinder the perception of injustice and external attribution required for mobilization.
2012-01-01T08:00:00Z
workingpaper
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/10
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
video game
occupational community
collective action
industrial relations
mobilization
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1005
2012-08-20T00:50:05Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
A Polyphonic Approach to the 'Dark Side' of Making Video Games
Weststar, Johanna
Pettica-Harris, Amanda
McKenna, Steve
This paper considers the video game industry and how it is represented through social media blogs and tweets. It aims to disentangle the polyphony of voices communicating through different stories about what it means to work in the gaming industry. The multiple voices found within the blogs and tweets weave a complex and contested narrative about the carnivalesque way in which video games are made, poignantly illustrating the good, the bad, and the ugly. Using the work of the Russian literary theorist and philosopher, Mikhail Bakhtin (1984, 1993), and particularly his notions of monologic and dialogic stories and narratives (McKenna, 2010), the paper seeks to understand what these voices are communicating within the anecdotes, stories and descriptions contained in blogs and tweets. It uses components of literary theory associated with Bakhtin (1984, 1993) to connect the monological dimension of what is communicated (the micro-level world of the blogger) with the dialogical dimension (the industry, socio-political, ideological and other voices) which are communicated through the blogs and tweets.
2012-01-01T08:00:00Z
workingpaper
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/11
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1005/viewcontent/auto_convert.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
polyphony
video games
working conditions
Bahktin
voice
discourse analysis
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Critical and Cultural Studies
Quantitative, Qualitative, Comparative, and Historical Methodologies
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1006
2020-01-22T16:27:23Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
What Makes for Effective Labor Representation on Pension Boards?
Weststar, Johanna
Verma, Anil
This article examines the efficacy of labor representation on pension boards. Using existing literature and interviews with labor trustees, this article develops a model where a more formal approach to recruitment and selection, skill acquisition, and accountability is hypothesized to aid labor trustees in achieving effective integration and representation on pension boards. Data indicate that labor trustees are placed in a challenging environment with insufficient support from their union, other trustees, or the board. These findings have important implications for the selection, training, and integration of labor trustees and the success of a labor agenda on pension issues.
2007-12-01T08:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/13
info:doi/10.1177/0160449X07299731
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1006/viewcontent/What_makes_for_effective_labor_representation.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
pensions
labor
unions
trustee
governance
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Business Law, Public Responsibility, and Ethics
Labor Relations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1008
2020-01-17T17:07:01Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Is the very notion of "representation" relevant for the regulation game of video game developers?
Legault, Marie-Josee
Weststar, Johanna
In this paper we question whether videogame developers face a representation gap due to the lack of unionization or whether their current means of action are appropriate and sufficient protections against employment risk. To answer this question we will first sketch the working conditions of videogame developers and then describe their individual and collective means of action to face employment challenges. We will then discuss the strengths and failings of these approaches vis a vis unionization and propose potential alternatives that would be a better fit than the traditional Wagnerian model of union representation.
2010-10-01T07:00:00Z
workingpaper
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/12
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1008/viewcontent/Legault_Weststar_from_Knowork_Feb_2711.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
video game industry
collective action
unions
industrial relations
cultural labour
industrial citizenship
representation
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1007
2020-01-22T16:32:34Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Understanding Video Game Developers as an Occupational Community
Weststar, Johanna
The video game industry has rapidly expanded over the last four decades; yet there is limited research about the workers who make video games. In examining these workers, this article responds to calls for renewed attention to the role of the occupation in understanding project-based workers in boundaryless careers. Specifically, this article uses secondary analysis of online sources to demonstrate that video game developers can be understood as a unique social group called an occupational community (OC). Once this classification has been made, the concept of OC can be used in future research to understand video game workers in terms of identity formation, competency development, career advancement and support, collective action, as well as adherence to and deviance from organizational and industry norms.
2015-04-20T07:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/14
info:doi/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1036094
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1007/viewcontent/Understanding_video_game_developers___AA_manuscript.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
occupational community
video game industry
technical labour
cultural labour
creative labour
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1011
2015-12-11T20:48:08Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
IGDA 2009 Quality of Life Survey: Facts and Discussion about Hours of Work in the Game Industry
Weststar, Johanna
Legault, Marie-Josée
The following paper explores the issue of unlimited, unpaid overtime (UUO) in the video game industry using data from the 2009 Quality of Life Survey administered by the International Game Developers Association (IGDA). This data is supplemented by interviews with video game developers (VGDs) conducted in Montréal, Québec, Canada in 2008 by one of the authors and also a previous Quality of Life survey administered by the IGDA in 2004. The paper begins with a brief sketch of the industry paying specific attention to issues of UUO. This is followed by a description of the data and the results. The paper closes with a discussion about the challenge that UUO poses for the video game industry and explores alternative theories for why such high levels of UUO exist.
2012-07-01T07:00:00Z
conference
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/4
http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/critical-issues/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/weststarvidpaper.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
video game industry
work hours
overtime
compensation
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1013
2017-07-13T18:12:39Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Toward a Sustainable Marketplace: Expanding Options and Benefits for Consumers
Luchs, Michael
Naylor, Rebecca Walker
Rose, Randall L.
Catlin, Jesse R.
Gau, Roland
Kapitan, Sommer
Mish, Jenny
Ozanne, Lucie
Phipps, Marcus
Simpson, Bonnie
Subrahmanyan, Saroja
Weaver, Todd
While popular interest in sustainable consumption continues to grow, there is a persistent gap between consumers’ typically positive explicit attitudes towards sustainability and their actual consumption behaviours. This gap can be explained, in part, by the belief that choosing to consume sustainably is both constraining and reduces individual-level benefits. While the belief that sustainable consumption depends on making trade-offs is true in some contexts, increasingly consumers are finding that more sustainable forms of consumption can provide both an expanded set of options and additional, individual-level benefits. In this essay, we discuss and illustrate an expanded set of options and benefits across the consumption cycle: from acquisition to usage and disposition. An underlying theme is the separation of material ownership from the extraction of consumer benefits across the consumption cycle. We believe that this ongoing evolution of products - and even business models - has the potential to simultaneously increase value to consumers as well as speed progress towards a more sustainable marketplace.
2011-01-01T08:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/6
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1013/viewcontent/Sustainability_academic4.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1014
2017-07-13T18:37:17Z
publication:rwkex
publication:rwkex_researcharticles
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Situational Variables and Sustainability in Multi-Attribute Decision-Making
Simpson, Bonnie
Radford, Scott
Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to examine whether consumers demonstrate a multi-dimensional understanding of sustainability in their decision-making and addresses the situational influence of confidence and compromise on sustainable product choices.
Design/methodology/approach
– Using three choice-based conjoint experiments the authors examined the importance of sustainability, compromise and confidence to consumers across two contexts. Two-step cluster analyses were used to segment consumers based on the importance scores.
Findings
– Data indicates that the environmental dimension of sustainability is the most influential followed by economic and social. The responses suggest three distinct segments identified as self-focused, trend motivated and reality driven that demonstrate significantly different characteristics in their approach to sustainable products.
Research limitations/implications
– Current research tends to focus on the environmental dimension, while paying little heed to the economic and social dimensions. This research indicates that consumers consider all three dimensions when making sustainable product choices and highlights that differences may emerge with respect to product utility.
Practical implications
– Firms must be aware that consumers differ in the importance they place on sustainability. The reality-driven segment is the most attractive segment, as they are highly engaged and are willing to invest time in understanding the complexities of sustainability. The trend-motivated segments are more fickle with superficial knowledge, and the self-focused segments are self-serving in their orientations and use price as a key decision variable.
Originality/value
– The paper addresses an important oversight in the sustainability literature. It provides both a theoretical contribution to advance marketing research and a practical contribution that may be of interest to those trying to market sustainable products.
2014-01-01T08:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/5
info:doi/10.1108/EJM-04-2012-0219
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1014/viewcontent/EJM_Sustainability_Post_Print_Draft.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Cluster analysis
Sustainability
Consumer attitudes
Conjoint analysis
Product attributes
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1015
2017-07-27T18:44:41Z
publication:rwkex
publication:rwkex_researcharticles
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
The Motivating Role of Dissociative Outgroups in Encouraging Positive Consumer Behaviors
White, Katherine
Simpson, Bonnie
Argo, Jennifer
Previous research has found that people tend to avoid products or behaviors that are linked to dissociative reference groups. The present research demonstrates conditions under which consumers exhibit similar behaviors to dissociative out-group members in the domain of positive consumption behaviors. In particular, when a consumer learns that a dissociative out-group performs comparatively well on a positive behavior, the consumer is more likely to respond with positive intentions and actions when the setting is public (vs. private). The authors suggest that this occurs because learning of the successful performance of a dissociative out-group under public conditions threatens the consumer’s group image and activates the desire to present the group image in a positive light. The authors show that although group affirmation mitigates these effects, self-affirmation does not. They also examine the moderating role of the positivity of the behavior and the mediating role of group image motives. Taken together, the results highlight conditions under which communicating information about the behaviors of dissociative out-groups can be used to spur consumers to engage in positive actions.
2014-01-01T08:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/8
info:doi/10.1509/jmr.12.0335
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1015/viewcontent/Simpson_JMR_2014.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
reference groups
dissociative out-groups
sustainability
normative influence
public versus private
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1016
2017-07-27T18:50:10Z
publication:rwkex
publication:rwkex_researcharticles
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
When Do (and Don’t) Normative Appeals Influence Sustainable Consumer Behaviors?
White, Katherine
Simpson, Bonnie
The authors explore how injunctive appeals (i.e., highlighting what others think one should do), descriptive appeals (i.e., highlighting what others are doing), and benefit appeals (i.e., highlighting the benefits of the action) can encourage consumers to engage in relatively unfamiliar sustainable behaviors such as “grasscycling” and composting. Across one field study and three laboratory studies, the authors demonstrate that the effectiveness of the appeal type depends on whether the individual or collective level of the self is activated. When the collective level of self is activated, injunctive and descriptive normative appeals are most effective, whereas benefit appeals are less effective in encouraging sustainable behaviors. When the individual level of self is activated, self-benefit and descriptive appeals are particularly effective. The positive effects of descriptive appeals for the individual self are related to the informational benefits that such appeals can provide. The authors propose a goal-compatibility mechanism for these results and find that a match of congruent goals leads to the most positive consumer responses. They conclude with a discussion of implications for consumers, marketers, and public policy makers.
2013-01-01T08:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/7
info:doi/10.1509/jm.11.0278
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1016/viewcontent/Simpson_JM_2013.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
normative appeals
sustainability
injunctive norms
descriptive norms
individual self
collective self
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1017
2019-07-31T19:55:21Z
publication:rwkex
publication:rwkex_researcharticles
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
How Co-Creation Increases Employee Corporate Social Responsibility and Organizational Engagement: The Moderating Role of Self-Construal
Simpson, Bonnie
Robertson, Jennifer
White, Katherine
This research merges literature from organizational behavior and marketing to garner insight into how organizations can maximize the benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for enhanced CSR and organizational engagement of employees. Across two field experiments, the authors demonstrate that the effectiveness of employee co-creation activities in increasing employees’ positive CSR perceptions is moderated by self-construal (i.e., whether an individual views the self as relatively independent from or interdependent with others). In particular, the positive effect of co-creation on CSR perceptions emerges only for employees with a salient interdependent self-construal (either measured as an individual difference or experimentally manipulated). Moreover, the results demonstrate that increased positive CSR perceptions then predict increased CSR engagement and organizational engagement. The research thus highlights the need to consider self-construal when trying to utilize co-creation to predict CSR engagement and organizational engagement, via CSR perceptions.
2019-03-13T07:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/9
info:doi/10.1007/s10551-019-04138-3
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1017/viewcontent/JBE_Manuscript_Merged.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
co-creation
sustainability
engagement
selfconstrual
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1018
2020-01-22T16:37:40Z
publication:rwkex
publication:rwkex_researcharticles
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Peering inside the ‘black box’: The impact of management-side representatives on the industrial relations climate of organizations
Campbell, Shelagh
Weststar, Johanna
The labor climate of an organization can have a great impact on productivity and efficiency. Managing this climate is often left to union stewards and management-side labor relations representatives. While there is a large literature on the role of union stewards, little is written about the role that management-side labor relations representatives play in establishing or maintaining positive labor-management relations. Building from a series of interviews with labor relations representatives in Canada and a nationwide pilot study of frontline industrial relations workers, we model the role of the labor relations representatives and their specific job actions in the established model of labor climate. Considering personal, structural, and attitudinal antecedents and measures of individual effectiveness, the study reveals that flexibility and informality matter more than formal education in industrial relations for creating positive labor climate. The study results indicate that labor relations representatives have the potential to play an important role in maintaining positive labor climate, if given more opportunity to take a proactive approach.
2019-06-03T07:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/15
info:doi/10.1177/0160449X19852696
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1018/viewcontent/Peering_inside_the_black_box.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
labor-management relations
workplace relations
labor climate
organization climate
mixed methods
industrial relations climate
labor-management education programs
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1019
2020-01-22T16:41:23Z
publication:rwkex
publication:rwkex_researcharticles
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Building momentum for collectivity in the digital games community
Weststar, Johanna
Legault, Marie-Josee
Studies of digital game labor have tended to document problems in the working lives of developers while devoting relatively limited attention to solutions, or to collective representation as a step toward solutions. An increasing number of game developers are dissatisfied with their working conditions, and dissatisfaction is a necessary condition for workers to engage in collective action to gain the representational power needed to achieve change in the workplace. Noting that the landscape of collective mobilization in the game industry has not yet been systematically mapped, this article documents collective actions over the past five decades, and asks, “Are the collective actions of developers building momentum toward a viable, sustained mobilization?” The article presents a thematic survey of such actions, including the Quality of Life Movement, exposés of working conditions, gender equity struggles, and unionization efforts. In conclusion, the authors revisit John Kelly’s mobilization theory to assess developers’ capacity to engage in collective mobilization.
2019-05-29T07:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/16
info:doi/10.1177/1527476419851087
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1019/viewcontent/Building_Momentum_for_Collectivity_2019.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
digital games
video games
unions
labor
mobilization
collective action
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1020
2020-01-22T16:44:29Z
publication:rwkex
publication:rwkex_researcharticles
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Why might a video game developer join a union?
Weststar, Johanna
Legault, Marie-Josee
This paper contributes to the union renewal literature by examining the union voting propensity of workers in the high-tech tertiary sector of videogame development toward different forms of unionization. We used exclusive data from a survey of videogame developers (VGD) working primarily in Anglo-Saxon countries. When looking at the factors related to voting propensity, our data indicated that the type of unionism matters and that industry/sectoral unionism is an increasingly salient model for project-based knowledge workers. This is an important policy dimension given that the legal structures and norms in Anglo-Saxon countries still tend to support decentralized enterprise-based unionism. It is also important for unions insofar as their organizing tactics remain geared toward a shop-by-shop approach or, at least, a localized geographical approach. Although additional work is required, our analyses lends support to the argument that high-commitment and high-involvement workplaces can engender a desire for collective representation and voice such as is offered through unionization. Whether this is because such workplaces step over a breaking-point line where the requirement for full alignment with employer goals becomes untenable and a source of discontent, whether this represents the existence of dual commitment where a representative agent like a union is seen as necessary to protect the work that people love, or whether there is a combination of these forces is not yet clear, but it is a critical area of future study for project-based knowledge workers.
2017-12-18T08:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/17
info:doi/10.1177/0160449X17731878
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1020/viewcontent/Why_might_a_game_developer_join_a_union.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
union renewal
voting propensity
industry unionism
project-based work
high-commitment workplaces
videogame development
cultural industries
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1021
2020-01-22T16:49:22Z
publication:rwkex
publication:rwkex_researcharticles
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Videogame developers among 'extreme workers': Are death marches over?
Legault, Marie-Josee
Weststar, Johanna
Purpose: The videogame industry is a work environment that is emblematic of O’Carroll’s (2015) encompassing model of a 24/7/365 working time model of flexibility. We use O’Carroll’s model to challenge two myths about videogame developers (VGDs): the long hours of work are in fact unpredictable hours, and flextime HR programs do not allow for real control over working hours.
Design/methodology/approach: We use a mixed methods approach (international online survey and 100 Canadian interviews) to analyse the case of VGDs - a different, but similar type of worker to the IT workers analysed by O’Carroll.
Findings: We can generalize O’Carroll’s model based on the IT case to the VGD case. Based on these two cases, we propose that the rise of project-based work environments is a major explanatory factor of this raising trend in the 24/7/365 model of flexibility.
Research limitations/implications: More research examining project based regimes in other sectors and settings is required to generalize further.
Originality/value: Though this model can appear to fit the reality of knowledge work in general, it more accurately describes project-based work in creative environments, which is nearly always knowledge work, but the reverse cannot be inferred.
2017-10-01T07:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/18
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1021/viewcontent/Videogame_Developers_among_Extreme_workers.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
videogame developers
working time
long hours
project-based work
knowledge work
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1022
2020-01-22T16:52:08Z
publication:rwkex
publication:rwkex_researcharticles
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
The Capacity for Mobilization in Project-Based Cultural Work: A Case of the Video Game Industry
Legault, Marie-Josee
Weststar, Johanna
Though dissatisfied with some management practices and working conditions, like most high-tech knowledge workers, videogame developers remain reluctant towards unionization. This article examines the factors of collective action among developers as an example, using data gathered from an international survey and interviews. We conclude that developers meet some conditions conducive to collective action but face many obstacles as well, both to collective action and to unionization proper. This does not lead us to share the belief of a decline in collective action, but rather raises the issue of conflating union action and collective action. Our study reveals how unsuited the general North American trade union system is to their situation, as it is to project-based environments and knowledge workers in general.
2015-01-01T08:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/19
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1022/viewcontent/Capacity_for_mobilization_in_project_based_cultural_work.pdf
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Film/video policy; Videogame developers; Working conditions; Project-based organizations; Unionization
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1023
2021-03-19T20:51:51Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
The perils of project-based work: Attempting resistance to extreme work practices in video game development
Peticca-Harris, Amanda
Weststar, Johanna
McKenna, Steve
This article examines two blogs written by the spouses of game developers about extreme and exploitative working conditions in the video game industry and the associated reader comments. The wives of these video game developers and members of the game community decry these working conditions and challenge dominant ideologies about making games. This article contributes to the work intensification literature by challenging the belief that long hours are necessary and inevitable to make successful games, discussing the negative toll of extreme work on workers and their families, and by highlighting that the project-based structure of game development both creates extreme work conditions and inhibits resistance. It considers how extreme work practices are legitimized through neo-normative control mechanisms made possible through project-based work structures and the perceived imperative of a race or ‘crunch’ to meet project deadlines. The findings show that neo-normative control mechanisms create an insularity within project teams and can make it difficult for workers to resist their own extreme working conditions, and at times to even understand them as extreme.
2015-06-29T07:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/20
info:doi/10.1177/1350508415572509
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1023/viewcontent/Perils_of_project_based_work.pdf
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
extreme work
normative control
project-based work
video game development
work–life balance
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1024
2020-01-22T17:00:31Z
publication:rwkex
publication:rwkex_researcharticles
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Work hour congruence: The effect on job satisfaction and absenteeism
Lee, Bryon Y
Wang, Jing
Weststar, Johanna
This study examines the effect of work hour congruence on employee job satisfaction and absenteeism using a large, longitudinal sample from the Canadian Workplace and Employee Survey (WES). An employee is said to have work hour congruence when they actually work the number of hours that they desire. Results indicate a difference between employees who desire more hours and those who desire fewer hours: employee desire for and receipt of more hours was related to positive changes in job satisfaction, while employee desire for and receipt of fewer hours was related to reduced absenteeism. In addition, the results suggest that employees respond to employers who at least try to meet their needs, those who desired more hours and received some, but not all of these additional hours showed a positive increase in job satisfaction. This study contributes to the literature by using of a precise measure of work hour preference and change, differentiating employees who desire fewer hours from those who desire more and examining both full and partial work hour congruence.
2015-01-01T08:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/21
info:doi/10.1080/09585192.2014.922601
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1024/viewcontent/Work_hour_congruence.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
absenteeism
fewer hours
job satisfaction
more hours
work hour congruence
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1026
2020-01-22T17:08:34Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
The recruitment and selection of pension trustees: An integrative approach
Sayce, Susan
Weststar, Johanna
Verma, Anil
The role of a pension trustee is significant, which makes the recruitment and selection of labour trustees an important issue. In this article, we examine and combine aspects of two approaches to recruitment and selection: the political nomination model and the more professional HRM approach. We argue that an integrative approach would acknowledge the political, regulatory and organisational context while incorporating valid selection criteria such as domain‐specific skills and performance on the job. Such an integrated process can help trade unions in filling labour trustee positions with talented individuals who are more likely to be effective in achieving labour's goals in pension governance.
2014-07-15T07:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/23
info:doi/10.1111/1748-8583.12012
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1026/viewcontent/Recruitment_and_selection_of_Pension_Trustees.pdf
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1025
2020-01-22T17:04:00Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Is the Very Notion of “Representation” Relevant for the Regulation Game of Video Game Developers?
Legault, Marie-Josee
Weststar, Johanna
Using Kelly’s mobilisation theory (1998) to assess their propensity to collective action, this article examines where videogame developers stand regarding the representation of their interests. These workers are good examples of knowledge work in project-based organisations. If Kelly’s model allows in general for projections of unionisation in a given sector, we find this is not the case here. Rather, our study leads us to observe how much the labour market has changed since the elaboration of Kelly’s model, and how much these workers’ needs differ from the options laid out by traditional unions’ action as presented by Kelly. This group fulfills two conditions leading to collective action: it has identified shared working problems across the industry and it primarily attributes the responsibility of these to the management. Still, three important conditions hinder any coalition movement under Kelly’s model. For one, the group is divided on whether to define its interest in collective or individual terms. It is also divided regarding the degree of injustice or illegitimacy of the situations that they face. Moreover, when these workers make a cost/benefit analysis regarding collective action, any traditional enterprise-based certification and unionisation project poses many challenges. Therefore, Kelly’s model would not predict mobilization. However, in place of unionization, videogame developers practice their own types of collective action that allow them to come to terms with the constraints of their environment. This brings us to conclude that Kelly’s mobilization theory needs to be re-examined such that collective action is not limited to traditional union action.
2014-01-01T08:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/22
info:doi/10.7202/1024210ar
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1025/viewcontent/Is_the_very_notion_of_representation_relevant_for_the_regulation_of_video_game_developers.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
video game developers
project-based organisations
knowledge workers
unionisation
collective action
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1027
2020-01-22T17:11:16Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Negotiating in silence: Experiences with parental leave in academia
Weststar, Johanna
This paper presents a case study of pregnancy/parental leave arrangements among faculty members at a mid-sized Canadian University from 2000-2010. The data show that leave arrangements were very inconsistent across faculties, across and within departments, and even for individual faculty members who had taken more than one leave. The majority of problematic cases were instances where a faculty member began or ended a leave in the middle of an academic term. Without specific language in their collective agreement, these faculty members often negotiated circumstances that carried individual penalties for duties that were unassigned in light of the leave. This research has implications for unions who must be particularly vigilant and active in professional environments where individual negotiation takes place and union consciousness is lower. It also emphasizes the burden placed on parents when the bearing and rearing of children is framed as an individual right rather than an issue of social reproduction. The paper uses data from a sample of collective agreements across Canadian universities to make recommendations to clarify the procedures for pregnancy and parental leave.
2012-07-01T07:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/24
info:doi/10.7202/1012535ar
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1027/viewcontent/Negotiating_in_Silence_Experiences_with_Parental_Leave.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
maternity leave
pregnancy leave
industrial relations
unions
women
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1028
2020-01-22T17:13:46Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Token presence or substantive participation? A study of labor trustees on pension boards
Verma, Anil
Weststar, Johanna
In contrast to their absence from corporate boards in North America, labor representatives do have a seat on many pension boards. Given the lack of research on the role of labor participation in these fora, this study reports findings from a survey of labor trustees. We find that labor trustees make greater contributions to procedure-oriented processes such as information sharing, rule-making and rule interpretation; and, fewer contributions to investment-oriented processes such as investment decisions, fund performance and manager selection. Gender does not seem to matter in explaining participation in board activities. Accountability in terms of a requirement to report back to their union did increase labor trustee contribution but only to procedural issues, not investment issues. Short board tenure, lack of multiple labor seats and lack of training appear to limit labor trustees’ contribution to investment-based issues. Prior exposure to pension issues, and longer tenure appear to increase contributions to procedure-based issues. Exclusionary board dynamics hinder both types of contributions by labor trustees. These findings suggest that labor trustees do take advantage of their position to make procedural contributions but they find it hard to expand into newer, non-traditional roles such as investment-related activities of the Board.
2011-03-11T08:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/25
info:doi/10.1007/s12122-010-9101-6
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1028/viewcontent/Token_presence_or_substantive_participation.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
labor participation
pensions boards
union voice
labor trustees
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1029
2020-01-22T17:16:18Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Worker control as a facilitator in the match between education and jobs
Weststar, Johanna
This article examines the relationship between worker control and subjective underemployment among workers who have more education than is needed for entry into their jobs (credential underemployment). Results indicate that social and technical controls are related to a greater sense of education–job matching. Workers who have credential underemployment are less likely to report subjective underemployment (underutilization and lack of fit between education and job) if they have higher levels of workplace control. This article contains implications for job design and the role of employers and managers in fostering the utilization of their workforces.
2009-11-10T08:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/26
info:doi/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2009.00737.x
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1029/viewcontent/Worker_control_as_a_facilitator_in_the_match_between_education_and_jobs.pdf
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1031
2020-01-22T17:21:37Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Give me the room to learn: The relationship between job control and workplace learning
Weststar, Johanna
Societal rhetoric claims that the intellectual capital of workplaces must be leveraged if Canada is to compete in the "knowledge economy". To achieve this, however, employers must create work environments that are favorable to workers and conducive to learning. This paper uses a sample of 5800 Canadian workers from the Work and Lifelong Learning Survey and twenty interviews with Information Technology workers from the Education-Job Requirement Matching Project to focus on the relationship between worker control and learning engagement. The data show that increased levels of social and technical control are associated with increased worker engagement in formal courses, informal education (mentoring) and non-taught learning. This research has implications for job design that includes real and meaningful opportunities for worker input and agency into their own tasks and broader organizational decision-making. These results provide important information for future research regarding the inclusion and conceptualization of learning and job control constructs.
2007-10-01T07:00:00Z
article
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/28
http://www.justlabour.yorku.ca/volume11/pdfs/01_Weststar_Press.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1030
2020-01-22T17:18:44Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Worker control and workplace learning: Expansion of the Job Demand-Control Model
Weststar, Johanna
This paper uses a sub-sample (N= 5,800) of a unique data set on work and life-long learning to develop the learning dimension of the Job Demand-Control model (Administrative Science Quarterly[1979] 24:285). The model is expanded by including three distinct learning behaviors to allow for a complete assessment of workplace learning. Worker control is also expanded to include often con-founded dimensions of Social and Technical Control. The results confirm that different types of learning are related to different determinants and that Social and Technical Control are key factors in learning participation.
2009-05-11T07:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/27
info:doi/10.1111/j.1468-232X.2009.00572.x
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1030/viewcontent/Worker_control_and_workplace_learning.pdf
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1032
2020-01-22T18:28:08Z
publication:rwkex
publication:rwkex_researcharticles
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Women's experiences on the path to a career in game development
Weststar, Johanna
Legault, Marie-Josee
This chapter seeks to identify whether there is a dominant, presupposed career pipeline to a career in game development and then looks for women and women’s experiences at each stage of that pipeline. It concludes that a dominant pipeline does exist and that this pathway both disadvantages women who attempt it and marginalizes other pathways. Along the way women deal with obstacles that can delegitimize their choices and experiences and/or make the assumed pathway inhospitable. This chapter relies on published literature as well as data from the 2014 and 2015 Developer Satisfaction Surveys (DSS) conducted by the International Game Developers Association (IGDA) in partnership with the authors.
2018-10-05T07:00:00Z
book_contribution
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/29
info:doi/10.1007/978-3-319-90539-6_7
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1032/viewcontent/Womens_experiences_on_the_path_to_a_career_in_game_development.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
gender
video games
game development
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1033
2020-01-22T18:35:46Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Introduction
Skerrett, Kevin
Weststar, Johanna
Archer, Simon
Roberts, Chris
2017-01-01T08:00:00Z
book_contribution
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/30
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1034
2020-01-22T18:39:03Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Critical perspectives form the field of pension fund education
Weststar, Johanna
2017-01-01T08:00:00Z
book_contribution
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/31
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1035
2020-01-22T18:41:05Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Protector or activist? Consistency and contradiction in labor's voice on pension boards
Weststar, Johanna
Verma, Anil
2017-01-01T08:00:00Z
book_contribution
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/32
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1036
2020-01-22T18:43:32Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Fun workplaces
Weststar, Johanna
2013-01-01T08:00:00Z
book_contribution
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/33
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1037
2020-01-22T18:45:28Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Computer programmers
Weststar, Johanna
2013-01-01T08:00:00Z
book_contribution
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/34
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1038
2020-01-22T18:49:12Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
A review of women's experiences of three dimensions of underemployment
Weststar, Johanna
2011-01-01T08:00:00Z
book_contribution
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/35
https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9781441994127
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
women
underemployment
part-time
gender wage gap
domestic labor
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1039
2020-01-22T18:56:38Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Staying Current in Computer Programming: The Importance of Informal Learning and Task Discretion in Maintaining Job Competence
Weststar, Johanna
2009-01-01T08:00:00Z
book_contribution
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/36
https://utorontopress.com/ca/education-and-jobs-3
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1040
2020-01-22T19:00:02Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
All workplace learning is not the same: Effects of job control on learning activities
Weststar, Johanna
2009-01-01T08:00:00Z
conference
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/37
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1041
2020-01-22T19:03:22Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Just having it is not enough: Labour's voice on pension boards
Weststar, Johanna
Verma, Anil
Pension monies are the deferred compensation of employees, and with increased attention to good governance and corporate ethics and responsibility it makes sense to have employee representatives involved in decisions about the investment of those monies. The Certified General Accountants of Canada argue that a pension advisory committee comprising designates of plan members and the employer should be the minimum standard in pension governance (CGA-Canada, 2004).
2008-01-01T08:00:00Z
book_contribution
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/38
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/9781442688780
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1042
2020-01-22T19:05:59Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Union education, union leadership and union renewal: The role of PEL
Weststar, Johanna
The past few decades have seen substantial changes in the economic, social, and political realities facing the Canadian labour movement. These changes have disrupted traditional labour-management relationships and created more diversified and fragmented union memberships. Downsizing and the increased use of flexible, part-time work have reduced union membership and created precarious environments for many workers. As well, to achieve economic streamlining and increased competitiveness, employers have become more aggressive in demanding concessions and restructuring. Faced with these realities, unions are striving to improve the services to their members and maintain the gains of past bargaining.
2006-01-01T08:00:00Z
book_contribution
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/39
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctt2tv439
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1044
2020-01-22T19:11:48Z
publication:rwkex_employmentreports
publication:rwkex
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Developer Satisfaction Survey 2015 & 2016 Employment Report
Weststar, Johanna
O'Meara, Victoria
Legault, Marie-Josee
This report continues the work of the IGDA in bench-marking employment conditions in the game industry. In particular, it updates the 2014 Employment Report from the Developer Satisfaction Survey (DSS) data by profiling the DSS data from 2015 and 2016, which was specifically geared to examine questions about employment conditions in the game industry. Like the 2014 report, this report includes data about key employment issues such as working time, compensation and benefits, and job security. However, new in the 2015 and 2016 DSS is a primary focus on understanding the employment conditions of game developers in different employment relationships. We present separate ‘employment profiles’ for developers who are: 1) in employee relationships (full- and part-time), 2) self-employed; and 3) working as freelancers or contractors. As the data allows, the report also includes information about the features of the contemporary workplace and industry job market and its evolution.
2018-02-12T08:00:00Z
report
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/41
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/551ac4c9e4b0038a33ecc74e/t/5cdd706ce4966bfb8cbd51d3/1558016115554/DSS+2015+and+2016+Employment+Report_Feb+2018.pdf
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1043
2020-01-22T19:08:12Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Facts and discussion about hours of work in the video game industry
Weststar, Johanna
Legault, Marie-Josee
2012-01-01T08:00:00Z
book_contribution
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/40
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1045
2020-01-22T19:14:17Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Developer Satisfaction Survey 2017 Summary Report
Weststar, Johanna
O'Meara, Victoria
Legault, Marie-Josee
Game developers continue to recognize the need for diversity in the workplace, in the industry, and in game content, with developers scoring these items as important in higher rates than ever before. However, while the overwhelming majority of game developers recognize the importance of diversity, game development as a profession can still be unwelcoming, with half of survey respondents asserting that they do not believe there is equal treatment of developers, and half of respondents witnessing or experiencing inequity. Also concerning are the statistics around tenure in the industry, number of employers over the past five years, and intent to stay with current employers. Respondents report an average of 2.2 employers in the past 5 years, and self-employed contractors report working the most hours and also receiving the least compensation. Put simply, game development is at risk of losing the most experienced talent in the industry, and without proper support and protection, freelancers may bear the burden of the industry’s changing talent profile.
2017-12-18T08:00:00Z
report
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/42
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/551ac4c9e4b0038a33ecc74e/t/5cdd6bfca4222f0c44df488c/1558014975174/IGDA+DSS+2017_Summary+Report_Dec2017_FINAL.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1046
2020-01-22T19:29:27Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Can labor trustees bring about pension fund socialism?
Weststar, Johanna
Verma, Anil
With the rise of institutional investment there was early excitement for some, and consternation for others, about “pension fund socialism” (Drucker 1976) brought about by the ability of organized labor to exert a new form of power by taking control of their workers’ capital. The argument is that pensions are deferred wages because they have often been collectively bargained as a trade-off for increased wages or other benefits in the current moment.
2017-01-01T08:00:00Z
article
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/43
http://www.lerachapters.org/OJS/ojs-2.4.4-1/index.php/LERAMR/article/view/3153/3125
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1048
2020-01-22T19:34:42Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Diversity among videogame developers Summary Report
Weststar, Johanna
O'Meara, Victoria
Gosse, Chandell E
Legault, Marie-Josee
The international video game industry’s revenue was estimated at 91.5 billion US dollars in 2015 (Sinclair, 2015) and it is the source of a growing number of direct and indirect jobs around the world. Games are quickly surpassing other entertainment media in both revenue and user rates. However, games and the industry that makes them continue to face significant challenges associated with diversity in terms of the content of the games made, the people who play the games, and the demographic makeup of the game industry labour force. The topics of sexism and the experiences of females in the game industry have received considerable attention in recent years due to a number of high profile events. It is against this backdrop that we summarize the demographic trends, the incidence of demographic differences, and the perceptions of diversity in the game industry over an 11 year span. Throughout the report we consider diversity to refer to demographic diversity based on factors such as gender, ethnicity, age, ability, and sexual orientation.
2017-08-01T07:00:00Z
report
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/45
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/551ac4c9e4b0038a33ecc74e/t/59c956e49f8dcee22ff666dd/1506367206466/Summary+Diversity+Report_FINAL.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1047
2020-01-22T19:32:51Z
publication:rwkex
publication:rwkex_researcharticles
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
The blame game: How video game workers frame barriers to diversity
O'Meara, Victoria
Gosse, Chandell E
Legault, Marie-Josee
Weststar, Johanna
In this article we use open-ended responses from the 2014 and 2015 DSS to highlight the contrasting ways men and women view the challenge of low female representation in the industry. Of course, women’s underrepresentation is the result of many different and layered issues that mirror the systemic discrimination that women face across male-dominated spaces. However, the data from the DSS show us that there are differences in what men and women see as the primary reasons for this underrepresentation. These differences reflect an important chasm in how the problem is experienced across gender.
2017-10-04T07:00:00Z
article
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/44
http://www.firstpersonscholar.com/the-blame-game/
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1049
2020-01-22T19:37:33Z
publication:rwkex
publication:rwkex_researcharticles
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
A union for videogame developers?
Legault, Marie-Josee
Weststar, Johanna
To, Laurence
The videogame industry is often criticised about its working conditions and has been accused of treating its developers poorly. According to the 2014 Developer Satisfaction Survey (DSS) of the International Game Developers Association (IGDA), 32% believed that there is a negative perception of the game industry. When asked why, working conditions was the top response.
2017-01-18T08:00:00Z
article
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/46
http://www.firstpersonscholar.com/a-union-for-videogame-developers/
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1050
2020-01-22T19:39:06Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Developer Satisfaction Survey 2016 Summary Report
Weststar, Johanna
Legault, Marie-Josee
2016-11-04T07:00:00Z
report
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/47
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/551ac4c9e4b0038a33ecc74e/t/5821f41229687f8e72d424c3/1478620181906/IGDA+DSS+2016_Summary+Report_04Nov_FINAL.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1051
2020-01-22T19:42:05Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Unions and workplace representation in the videogame industry
To, Laurence
Legault, Marie-Josee
Weststar, Johanna
Poor working conditions have repercussions for workers, studios and the industry as a whole. These include stress, burn-out, work-life balance challenges, high turnover and associated recruitment, knowledge retention and management challenges. Working conditions also seem to be at the root of why many game developers enter self-employment or contract/freelance employment. In the 2014 International Game Developers Association (IGDA) Developer Satisfaction Survey (DSS), 42.3% of respondents who chose this status said did so because they wished to have more control over their working conditions (i.e. hours).
2016-10-18T07:00:00Z
article
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/48
https://www.gamasutra.com/blogs/JohannaWeststar/20161018/283414/Unions_and_Workplace_Representation_in_the_Videogame_Industry.php
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1055
2020-01-22T19:51:57Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Working time among video game developers: Trends over 2004-2014
Legault, Marie-Josee
Weststar, Johanna
The video game industry is an object of unrelenting criticism about its working conditions and is often accused in social media of treating its developers poorly. According to the 2014 Developer Satisfaction Survey (DSS) survey of the International Game Developers Association (IGDA), 32 percent believe that there is a negative perception of the game industry. When asked why, working conditions was the top response (68 percent), just before sexism in games (67 percent) and perceived link to violence (62 percent) (Edwards, Weststar, Meloni, Pearce & Legault, 2014). Among those engaged in core game development roles this number rises to 77 percent (Weststar & Andrei-Gedja, 2015). The labor issue of working time stands out among others that besmirch the industry’s image: discretionary rules in establishing wage levels, in appointing to projects, in attributing credits, insufficient intellectual property rules and funds for updating knowledge; lack of job security and arbitrary hiring and firing decision processes; non-disclosure and non-competition agreements that may end up in legal proceedings. Long working hours have become an inescapable feature of the industry where developers are often bound by contracts that do not include any terms and conditions of employment relating to hours of work and normal working hours or any policy regarding overtime work and compensation.
2015-10-23T07:00:00Z
article
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/52
https://gamasutra.com/view/news/257143/Working_time_among_video_game_developers_Trends_over_200414.php
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1052
2020-01-22T19:45:01Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Developer Satisfaction Survey 2014 & 2015 Diversity in the Game Industry Report
Weststar, Johanna
Legault, Marie-Josee
Gosse, Chandell E
O'Meara, Victoria
2016-06-12T07:00:00Z
report
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/49
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/551ac4c9e4b0038a33ecc74e/t/57b38f2b9f74568e1b993d95/1471385388538/IGDA+DSS14-15+DiversityReport_Aug2016_Final.pdf
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1053
2020-01-22T19:48:26Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Collective action and representation gap among videogame developers, 2004-2014
To, Laurence
Legault, Marie-Josee
Weststar, Johanna
2016-08-01T07:00:00Z
report
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/50
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/551ac4c9e4b0038a33ecc74e/t/57d958a620099ef730959847/1473861802605/RepReport-Aug16-Summary.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1054
2020-01-22T19:50:22Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Developer Satisfaction Survey 2015 Industry Trends and Future Outlook Report
Weststar, Johanna
Andrei-Gedja, Maria
2016-01-22T08:00:00Z
report
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/51
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/551ac4c9e4b0038a33ecc74e/t/56f9ef9fa3360c83a6df8f8b/1459220387130/IGDA+2015+Industry+Trends+Report_FINAL_Jan+22+2016_newlogo.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1056
2020-01-22T19:53:18Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Working time among video game developers 2004-2014: Summary Report
Legault, Marie-Josee
Weststar, Johanna
The industry is an object of unrelenting critics about its working conditions and is often accused in social media of treating its development talent poorly (for just a quick snap-shot: Acton, 2010; Handman, 2005; Hyman, 2008; Kennedy, 2007; Rockstar Spouse, 2010; Scott, 2014). According to the 2014 Developer Satisfaction Survey (DSS) survey of the International Game Developers Association (IGDA), when considering the social perceptions of the game industry, while approximately a quarter (24%) remain “neutral,” 42% believe that there is a positive perception of the industry and 32% believe there is a negative perception. In considering some of the factors that might lead to the games industry having a negative perception from the public, it is interesting to note that “working conditions” was the top response (68%), before “sexism in the games” (67%) and “perceived link to violence” (62%) (Edwards, Weststar, Meloni, Pearce & Legault, 2014). Among those engaged in core game development roles (i.e., programming, audio production, visual art, and game design), this number rises to 77% (Weststar & Andrei-Gedja, 2015). Poor working conditions have repercussions for workers, studios and the industry as a whole - for instance: stress, burn-out, work-life balance challenges, high turnover and associated attraction, retention and knowledge management challenges. Working conditions in traditional studios may also be related to the rise in self-employment and independent development in the industry. It is therefore critical to better document the working conditions of game developers and assess this as an important factor in the health of the industry.
2015-08-01T07:00:00Z
report
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/53
http://www.gameqol.org/igda-qol-survey/
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1058
2020-01-22T19:56:24Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Developer Satisfaction Survey 2014 Employment Report
Weststar, Johanna
Legault, Marie-Josee
This report is a detailed presentation of a sub-set of the DSS 2014 survey questions that were geared to collect information about these working conditions. As a seemingly inescapable feature of the game industry, long working hours remain a primary issue. We therefore discuss working time first, followed by issues with compensation for working time and then move on to other features of game industry employment such as quality of life and benefits. As the data allows, the report also includes information about the features of the contemporary workplace and the industry job market as well as their evolution.
2015-05-15T07:00:00Z
report
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/55
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/551ac4c9e4b0038a33ecc74e/t/555b6cdce4b0349bb56339df/1432055004934/IGDA+DSS+2014_Employment+Report_FINAL.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1059
2020-01-22T19:58:08Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Developer Satisfaction Survey 2014 Industry Trends and Future Outlook Report
Weststar, Johanna
Andrei-Gedja, Maria
Following this preliminary report, the data was carefully reviewed and cleaned for additional analysis into each of the key thematic areas of the survey. This produced a final valid sample of 2,198 responses. Throughout the cleaning process a number of responses submitted as ‘other’ were also reincorporated into the base survey options, and occasionally new categories were created. Due to these changes the data presented in this report may not be identical to that presented in the Summary Report released as a first glimpse of the survey data. What follows is a more detailed report on a sub-set of the survey that was geared to collect information about industry trends and the future outlook of the industry. As such, this report presents survey data on topics like the relative importance of game platforms, on perceptions of industry growth and on the image of the game industry to society.
2015-01-20T08:00:00Z
report
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/56
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/551ac4c9e4b0038a33ecc74e/t/551b2d5ce4b0de616b0e86aa/1427844444847/IGDA-DSS-2014-Industry-Trends-Report-_Final_Jan20.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1057
2020-01-22T19:55:01Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Developer Satisfaction Survey 2015 Summary Report
Weststar, Johanna
Legault, Marie-Josee
The IGDA’s Developer Satisfaction Survey for 2015 was open for responses in March and April, 2015. By the conclusion of the survey period, the survey accrued 2,928 valid responses, though there was considerable drop-out across the survey as a whole. The survey was targeted broadly and captured responses from people with various connections to the industry. These are summarized in Table 1. The majority of the survey respondents reported that they make games in a core creation or development role or work in studios in supportive or ancillary roles to game creation. These individuals were asked the most survey questions regarding the nature of their work and form the core of this report. Other respondents answered select question subsets (i.e., for students or the unemployed) and/or answered general questions about diversity and industry trends.
2015-09-02T07:00:00Z
report
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/54
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/551ac4c9e4b0038a33ecc74e/t/55f82793e4b0c4dcba8181b1/1442326419944/IGDA+DSS+2015-SummaryReport_Final_Sept15.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1060
2020-01-22T20:00:11Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Developer Satisfaction Survey 2014 Summary Report
Edwards, Kate
Weststar, Johanna
Meloni, Wanda
Pearce, Celia
Legault, Marie-Josee
2014-06-25T07:00:00Z
report
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/57
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/551ac4c9e4b0038a33ecc74e/t/551b223ee4b0ae1f4a708171/1427841598800/IGDA+DSS+2014-Summary+Report_released.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1061
2020-01-22T20:01:39Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Are game developers standing up for their rights?
Legault, Marie-Josee
Weststar, Johanna
It is cool to work in the video game industry. You get paid work on games, right? This image of the video game industry as a cool, hip, fun place where you get to make cutting edge titles has some truth, but it also hides a dark side. The dark side sometimes shadows the light -- like when Erin Hoffman made her now famous post as ea_spouse. And it appeared again with the allegations of Rockstar Spouse, 38 Studios Spouse, the investigative journalism of Andrew McMillen about the making of L.A. Noire, the IGDA press release about KAOS Studios, through IGDA reports about quality of life, and through conference panels, blogs and forums. The dark side also emerges when you talk to individual game developers about their working conditions and the risks that they face. Developers say that they face challenges with sustained long working hours ("crunch"), unlimited and unpaid overtime, poor work-life balance, high incidence of musculoskeletal disorders and burnout, unacknowledged intellectual property rights, limited crediting standards, non-compete and non-disclosure agreements, and limited or unsupported training opportunities.
2013-01-09T08:00:00Z
article
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/58
https://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/184504/are_game_developers_standing_up_.php
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1062
2020-01-22T20:03:04Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
More than numbers: Independent analysis of the IGDA 2009 Quality of Life Survey
Legault, Marie-Josee
Weststar, Johanna
The report that you are reading now looks very similar to the IGDA report. It mirrors the format and includes exactly the same raw data and general reporting of the data (i.e. tables and figures). What is different in this report is additional contextual analysis around some of the data. It was our attempt here to provide some insight from the popular and academic literature as well as our own research to try to answer some of the ‘why and how’ questions as opposed to just describing the ‘what, when and where’. This additional information is highlighted in green. As a result this report contains numerous perspectives on the video game industry and interpretations of the Quality of Life data that should not be taken as the official opinion of the IGDA Quality of Life Committee or the broader IGDA, but that we feel are important steps in critically analysing the state of QoL in the game industry.
2012-10-01T07:00:00Z
report
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/59
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/551ac4c9e4b0038a33ecc74e/t/551b2d8ae4b04787f61c3b56/1427844490270/Quality+of+Life+in+the+Videogame+Industry+-+2009+IGDA+Survey+Analysis.pdf
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1063
2020-10-15T16:30:47Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Making the World a Better Place: How Crowdfunding Increases Consumer Demand for Social-Good Products
Simpson, Bonnie
Schreier, Martin
Bitterl, Sally
White, Katherine
Crowdfunding has emerged as an alternative means of financing new ventures wherein a large number of individuals collectively back a project. This research specifically looks at reward based crowdfunding, where those who take part in the crowdfunding process receive the new product for which funding is sought in return for their financial support. This work illustrates that consumers make fundamentally different decisions when considering contributing their money to crowdfund versus purchase a product. Six studies demonstrate that compared to a traditional purchase, crowdfunding more strongly activates an interdependent mindset and, as a result, increases consumer demand for social-good products (i.e., products with positive social and/or environmental impact). The research further highlights that an active involvement in the crowdfunding process is necessary to increase demand for social-good products: When a previously crowdfunded product is already to market, the effect is eliminated. Finally, it is demonstrated that crowdfunding participants exhibit an increased demand for social-good products only when collective efficacy (i.e., one’s belief in the collective’s ability to bring about change is high.
2020-10-14T07:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/60
info:doi/10.1177/0022243720970445
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1063/viewcontent/Simpson_et_al._Forthcoming_JMR.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
crowdfunding
social-good products
interdependent self-construal
construal level
collective-efficacy beliefs
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1064
2023-03-10T19:52:43Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Predicting Donation Behaviour with the Supernumerary Personality Inventory
Kowalski, Christopher M
Simpson, Bonnie
Schermer, Julie
The present study aimed to broaden the investigation of personality traits and donation behaviour beyond the Five-Factor Model (FFM) framework. A sample of 506 participants completed the Supernumerary Personality Inventory (Paunonen, 2002), reported both their frequency of charitable giving and, given the option to donate potential lottery winnings to a charitable cause, the amount that they would donate. Religiosity was moderately positively correlated with charitable frequency, while integrity was weakly positively correlated with donation amount. Manipulativeness and egotism were weakly negatively correlated with donation amount. Overall, the results show limited evidence for the relevance of Supernumerary Personality Inventory personality traits in prosocial behaviour. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
2021-01-01T08:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/64
info:doi/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110319
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1064/viewcontent/Kowalski__Simpson_and_Schermer_2021.pdf
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Supernumerary personality inventory
Personality
Donation
Religiosity
Prosocial
Donation Behaviour
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1065
2021-03-26T15:06:50Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
A Framework for Considering Dissociative Identity Effects in Consumption
Simpson, Bonnie
Dunn, Lea
White, Katherine
This chapter examines the mirror image of the identity association principle: dissociation. While the association principle posits that stimuli associated with a positively regarded identity receive more positive evaluations, the dissociation principle suggests that stimuli associated with negatively regarded identities will receive negative evaluations and be abandoned. The authors focus on the nature of dissociative reference groups or groups that the consumer is motivated to avoid association with, and present a framework outlining how dissociative influence can impact consumer behavior. They review the literature on dissociative influence and note that although dissociative reference groups often spur avoidance behaviors, they can sometimes induce approach behaviors. They then turn to a discussion of how dissociative associations can lead to polarizing reactions in real-world domains, such as politics. Finally, they draw on their theorizing to outline some suggested directions for future research in this regard.
2019-12-05T08:00:00Z
book_contribution
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/63
info:doi/10.4337/9781788117739.00021
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1065/viewcontent/Simpson__Dunn__White_2019.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1066
2021-03-26T15:17:32Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Stress and Well-being at the Consumer-Employee Interface
Simpson, Bonnie
Stackhouse, Madelynn
White, Katherine
Although stress has become a prominent research theme in consumer behavior and occupational health, to the authors knowledge there is only one review on the relationship between consumer behavior and stress (i.e., when internal and external factors exceed an individual’s resources and endangering the individual’s well-being) and this was published 10 years ago. Further, research on occupational stress has yet to be fully integrated into the consumer stress literature. In this chapter, the authors attempt to advance research on consumer stress by a drawing on a satisfaction mirror framework which outlines that consumers and employees influence each other through a “mirror” where they positively and cyclically influence each other in a service environment. The authors argue that consumers and employees may likewise mirror each other in a negative cycle of stress and well-being depletion. First, the authors describe how stress is viewed in consumer behavior and marketing. Second, the authors review evidence that consumption serves as a form of coping with stress. Third, the authors discuss the role of consumption as a stressor that may drive consumer stress. Finally, the authors introduce the satisfaction mirror model and outline the bi-directional influence on increased stress and well-being depletion at the consumer–employee interface in service encounters. The model introduced in this chapter serves as a framework for organizing findings related to stress and well-being in the fields of consumer behavior and occupational health. In addition, the model serves as a springboard for developing propositions for future research. Ultimately, the authors hope this chapter both updates and builds upon previous findings on stress and consumer behavior, as well as grounds future research on stress and well-being at the intersection of consumers and employees.
2019-09-09T07:00:00Z
book_contribution
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/62
info:doi/10.1108/S1479-355520190000017008
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1066/viewcontent/Simpson__Stackhouse__White_2019.pdf
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Stress
occupational stress
well-being
consumer-employee interface
consumer stress
satisfaction mirror model
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1067
2021-03-26T15:25:17Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
When Public Recognition for Charitable Giving Backfires: The Role of Independent Self-Construal
Simpson, Bonnie
White, Katherine
Laran, Juliano
This research examines the effectiveness of public recognition in encouraging charitable giving, demonstrating that public recognition can sometimes decrease donations. While previous work has largely shown that making donations visible to others can motivate donors, the present research shows that the effectiveness of public recognition depends on whether potential donors are under an independent (i.e., separate from others) or interdependent (i.e., connected with others) self-construal. Across seven experimental studies, an independent self-construal decreases donation intentions and amounts when the donor will receive public recognition compared to when the donation will remain private. This effect is driven by the activation of an agentic motive, wherein independents are motivated to make decisions that are guided by their own goals and self-interests, rather than being influenced by the opinions and expectations of others. This research contributes to the understanding of the nuanced roles of both public recognition and self-construal in predicting donation behavior.
2018-04-01T07:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/61
info:doi/10.1093/jcr/ucx101
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1067/viewcontent/Simpson__White__Laran_2017.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
self-construal
charitable donations
public recognition
agency
donations
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1069
2022-04-04T18:19:15Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
An event based approach for quantifying the effects of securities fraud in the IT industry
Switzer, Lorne N.
Wang, Jun
Detecting the incidence and impact of illegal insider trading is a difficult process since access to the actual trading records of insiders that overlap precisely with fraudulent events is difficult. This paper provides a case study of a specific IT stock in Canada that was successfully prosecuted in the Canadian court system for market manipulation and illegal insider trading violations. The study provides a quantification of the impact of insider trading activities by the President directly through his own account or through accounts under his control, and illustrates the impact of some off-exchange transactions by the impugned parties. Overall, the costs of the insider trading violations are quite high, given the significant wealth effects produced by the events surrounding this case.
2017-03-28T07:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/65
info:doi/DOI 10.1007/s10796-017-9753-3
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1069/viewcontent/Switzer_Wang2017_Article_AnEventBasedApproachForQuantif.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1070
2022-04-04T19:51:01Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Extreme risk and small investor behavior in developed markets
Switzer, Lorne N.
Wang, Jun
Lee, Seungho
This paper examines the responses of small investors of ten developed markets as they are exposed to extreme risk. We focus on mutual fund flows that are induced by extreme market episodes (measured daily, weekly, and monthly) versus volatile periods captured by the traditional standard deviation metric. The extreme-day measure captures the behavior of small retail investors in the US and Canada better than the traditional standard deviation measure, based on funds flows to equity mutual funds. The evidence for the other countries of the study is mixed. Small investors in countries in the G-7 with more collective (as opposed to individualistic) cultures show less responses to changes in risk
2017-03-30T07:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/66
info:doi/10.1057/s41260-017-0047-6
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1070/viewcontent/Wang_ExtremeRisk_2017.pdf
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
volatility; extreme risk; small investor behavior
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1071
2022-05-06T16:50:50Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
How Affective Displaysand Self-Construal Impact Consumers’ Generosity
MacDonnell, Rhiannon
Simpson, Bonnie
Nonprofit brands vary widely in their positioning to consumers, ranging from crisis and desperation, to joy and optimism.The literature, however, provides limiteddirection for the many nonprofit organizations that seek to align their brand with positive emotions. Herein, we examine the relationship between affective displays (sad vs. happy) portrayed in charitable advertisements and consumer self-construal in shaping consumer generosity.We employ one field study (study 1) and one lab experiment (study 2), using different charitable causes (i.e., Kiva.org[study 1] and a fictitious children’s cancer charity [study 2]) and currencies (i.e., lending money [study 1] and volunteering time [study 2]).Taken together, we find that happy (sad) affective displays are most effective for consumers who hold an independent (interdependent) self-construal,and that this alignment heightens empathy and in turn perceptions of efficacy, which increases generosity. Implications for future research and nonprofit practice are discussed.
2021-08-02T07:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/67
info:doi/10.1080/10495142.2021.1939225
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1071/viewcontent/Mesler_and_Simpson__2021_.pdf
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
facial affect
affect
self-construal
prosocial behavior
charitable giving
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:mospub-1072
2022-05-06T17:36:42Z
publication:mospub
publication:faculties
publication:mos
Identity salience moderates the effect of social dominance orientation on COVID-19 ‘rule bending’
MacDonnell, Rhiannon
Simpson, Bonnie
Chernishenko, Jennifer
Jain, Shreya
Amidst the economic, political, and social turmoil caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, contrasting responses to government mandated and recommended mitigation strategies have posed many challenges for governments as they seek to persuade individuals to adhere to prevention guidelines. Much research has subsequently examined the tendency of individuals to either follow (or not) such guidelines, and yet a ‘grey area’ also exists wherein many rules are subject to individual interpretation. In a large study of Canadians (N =1032, Mage =34.39, 52% female; collected April 6, 2020), we examine how social dominance orientation (SDO) as an individual difference predicts individual propensity to ‘bend the rules’ (i.e., engaging in behaviors that push the boundaries of adherence), finding that SDO is significantly and positively associated with greater intentions toward rule- bending behaviors. We further find that highlighting a self-oriented or in-group identity enhances the rela-tionship between SDO and rule-bending, whereas making salient a superordinate-level identity (e.g., Canada) attenuates this effect. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
2021-12-14T08:00:00Z
article
application/pdf
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/mospub/68
info:doi/10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103460
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/mospub/article/1072/viewcontent/Mesler_et_al._2022.pdf
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Management and Organizational Studies Publications
Scholarship@Western
COVID-19
Physical distancing
Social dominance orientation
Identity salience
Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Work, Economy and Organizations
878211/oai_dc/100//