2024-03-29T11:37:40Z
http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/do/oai/
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1001
2010-03-15T01:16:36Z
publication:healpub
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
publication:institutes
Jason A. Gilliland and Mathew Novak on Positioning the Past with the Present: The Use of Fire Insurance Plans and GIS for Urban Environmental History
Gilliland, Jason A.
Novak, Mathew
Article
2006-01-01T08:00:00Z
Urban environmental history
Fire insurance plan
Environmental History
136
139
https://doi.org/10.1093/envhis/11.1.136
Geographic Information Sciences
Human Geography
Urban Studies and Planning
<p>Mathew Novak was a PhD student at The University of Western Ontario.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/2
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1000
2020-04-20T16:45:10Z
publication:healpub
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:institutes
publication:faculties
Mapping the Evolution of 'Food Deserts' in a Canadian City: Supermarket Accessibility in London, Ontario, 1961–2005
Larsen, Kristian
Gilliland, Jason
Article
2008-04-18T07:00:00Z
Food desert
Supermarket accessibility
International Journal of Health Geographics
https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-7-16
Human Geography
Inequality and Stratification
Urban Studies and Planning
<p>Background: A growing body of research suggests that the suburbanization of food retailers in North America and the United Kingdom in recent decades has contributed to the emergence of urban 'food deserts', or disadvantaged areas of cities with relatively poor access to healthy and affordable food. This paper explores the evolution of food deserts in a mid-sized Canadian city (London, Ontario) by using a geographic information system (GIS) to map the precise locations of supermarkets in 1961 and 2005; multiple techniques of network analysis were used to assess changing levels of supermarket access in relation to neighbourhood location, socioeconomic characteristics, and access to public transit. Results: The findings indicate that residents of inner-city neighbourhoods of low socioeconomic status have the poorest access to supermarkets. Furthermore, spatial inequalities in access to supermarkets have increased over time, particularly in the inner-city neighbourhoods of Central and East London, where distinct urban food deserts now exist. Conclusion: Contrary to recent findings in larger Canadian cities, we conclude that urban food deserts exist in London, Ontario. Policies aimed at improving public health must also recognize the spatial, as well as socioeconomic, inequities with respect to access to healthy and affordable food. Additional research is necessary to better understand how supermarket access influences dietary behaviours and related health outcomes.</p>
<p>Kristian Larsen was a graduate student at The University of Western Ontario when this article was published.</p>
<p>Also available open access in <em>International Journal of Health Geographics</em> at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-7-16">https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-7-16</a></p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/1
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1002
2010-03-19T23:28:19Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Assessing the Distribution of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Land Use Regression in Sarnia, "Chemical Valley", Ontario, Canada
Atari, Dominic Odwa
Luginaah, Isaac N.
Article
2009-04-16T07:00:00Z
Sarnia
volatile organic compound
Land use regression
air pollution
Environmental Health
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-8-16
Geography
Background: Land use regression (LUR) modelling is proposed as a promising approach to meet some of the challenges of assessing the intra-urban spatial variability of ambient air pollutants in urban and industrial settings. However, most of the LUR models to date have focused on nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. This study aimed at developing LUR models to predict BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene and o-xylene) concentrations in Sarnia, 'Chemical Valley', Ontario, and model the intra-urban variability of BTEX compounds in the city for a community health study.
Method: Using Organic Vapour Monitors, pollutants were monitored at 39 locations across the city of Sarnia for 2 weeks in October 2005. LUR models were developed to generate predictor variables that best estimate BTEX concentrations.
Results: Industrial area, dwelling counts, and highways adequately explained most of the variability of BTEX concentrations (R2: 0.78 – 0.81). Correlations between measured BTEX compounds were high (> 0.75). Although most of the predictor variables (e.g. land use) were similar in all the models, their individual contributions to the models were different.
Conclusion: Yielding potentially different health effects than nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, modelling other air pollutants is essential for a better understanding of the link between air pollution and health. The LUR models developed in these analyses will be used for estimating outdoor exposure to BTEX for a larger community health study aimed at examining the determinants of health in Sarnia.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/3
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1003
2009-08-07T00:04:12Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Impact of Air Pollution on Hospital Admissions in Southwestern Ontario, Canada: Generating Hypotheses in Sentinel High-exposure Places
Fung, Karen Y.
Luginaah, Isaac N.
Gorey, Kevin M.
Article
2007-07-05T07:00:00Z
air pollution
Southwestern Ontario
Environmental Health
Geography
Background: Southwestern Ontario (SWO) in Canada has been known as a 'hot spot' in terms of environmental exposure and potential effects. We chose to study 3 major cities in SWO in this paper. We compared age-standardized hospital admission ratios of Sarnia and Windsor to London, and to generate hypotheses about potential pollutant-induced health effects in the 'Chemical Valley', Sarnia.
Methods: The number of daily hospital admissions was obtained from all hospitals in London, Windsor and Sarnia from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2000. We used indirect age adjustment method to obtain standardized admissions ratios for males and females and we chose London as the reference population. This process of adjustment was to apply the age-specific admission rates of London to the population of Sarnia and Windsor in order to yield expected admissions. The observed number of admissions was then compared to the expected admissions in terms of a ratio. These standardized admissions ratios and their corresponding confidence intervals were calculated for Sarnia and Windsor.
Results: Our findings showed that Sarnia and Windsor had significantly higher age-adjusted hospital admissions rates compared to London. This finding was true for all admissions, and especially pronounced for cardiovascular and respiratory admissions. For example, in 1996, the observed number of admissions in Sarnia was 3.11 (CI: 2.80, 3.44) times for females and 2.83 (CI: 2.54, 3.14) times for males as would be expected by using London's admission rates.
Conclusion: Since hospital admissions rates were significantly higher in 'Chemical Valley' as compared to both London and Windsor, we hypothesize that these higher rates are pollution related. A critical look at the way ambient air quality and other pollutants are monitored in this area is warranted. Further epidemiological research is needed to verify our preliminary indications of harmful effects in people living in 'Chemical Valley'.
Published in: Environmental Health, 2007, 6:18. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-6-18
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/4
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1004
2010-03-19T23:29:52Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
The Relationship between Odour Annoyance Scores and Modelled Ambient Air Pollution in Sarnia, “Chemical Valley”, Ontario
Atari, Dominic O.
Luginaah, Isaac N.
Fung, Karen
Article
2009-10-16T07:00:00Z
land use regression
odour annoyance
pollution
nitrogen dioxide
sulphur dioxide
Sarnia
Ontario
Canada
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
2655
2675
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph6102655
Geography
Public Health
This study aimed at establishing the relationship between annoyance scores and modelled air pollution in “Chemical Valley”, Sarnia, Ontario (Canada). Annoyance scores were taken from a community health survey (N = 774); and respondents’ exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) were estimated using land use regression (LUR) models. The associations were examined by univariate analysis while multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the determinants of odour annoyance. The results showed that odour annoyance was significantly correlated to modelled pollutants at the individual (NO2, r = 0.15; SO2, r = 0.13) and census tract (NO2, r = 0.56; SO2, r = 0.67) levels. The exposure-response relationships show that residents of Sarnia react to very low pollution concentrations levels even if they are within the Ontario ambient air quality criteria. The study found that exposure to high NO2 and SO2 concentrations, gender, and perception of health effects were significant determinants of individual odour annoyance reporting. The observed association between odour annoyance and modelled ambient pollution suggest that individual and census tract level annoyance scores may serve as proxies for air quality in exposed communities because they capture the within area spatial variability of pollution. However, questionnaire-based odour annoyance scores need to be validated longitudinally and across different scales if they are to be adopted for use at the national level.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/5
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1005
2010-03-01T22:55:26Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
The Social Determinants of Inuit Health: A Focus on Social Support in the Canadian Arctic
Richmond, Chantelle A. M.
Article
2009-01-01T08:00:00Z
Canadian Inuit
social support
social determinants of health
Arctic
Aboriginal health
International Journal of Circumpolar Health
471
487
Geography
Objectives. Societies that foster socially supportive networks produce healthier populations. Social support is a significant determinant of health among Canada’s Inuit population; however, little is known about the characteristics that provide access to social support among Inuit. This exploratory analysis describes how 4 types of social support (namely, positive social interaction, emotional support, tangible support and affection and intimacy) differ in relation to various determinants of health.
Study design. Micro-data from the Arctic Supplement of the 2001 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (n=26,290) was used.
Methods. Cross-tabulations and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine levels (high/low) of the 4 types of social support among the full Inuit sample (n=26,290) as they relate to age, gender, geographic region, marital status, Aboriginal language use and participation in traditional harvesting activities.
Results. Certain subsegments of the Inuit population were less likely to report high levels of social support, including men, the elderly (aged 55+) and the unmarried. Some Inuit-relevant determinants were also found to decrease the odds of reporting high levels of social support, including being unable to speak or understand an Aboriginal language, not participating in traditional harvesting activities and living in Nunavik.
Conclusions. Research that frames Inuit health within the social determinants of health is in its relative infancy; however, evidence from the social epidemiological literature indicates that those with diminished access to social support also suffer poorer health outcomes. Future research should build on the findings of this study to examine how the relationship between various health outcomes (e.g., respiratory disease, suicide attempts, self-rated health) and social support may respond along a social gradient. Such analysis will build on the paucity of literature specific to Inuit health and social conditions and set priorities for policy and programming efforts that will improve the social determinants of Inuit health.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/6
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1007
2010-03-06T07:47:05Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
The Rise of Housing in International Development: The Effects of Economic Discourse
Harris, Richard
Arku, Godwin
Article
2007-03-01T08:00:00Z
Building industry
Development
Economic theory
Flexible production
Housing policy
Human capital
Habitat International
1
11
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2005.10.004
Geography
Since 1945, a growing number of housing experts and development agencies have come to understand that housing investments have a significant impact on economic development. The shift in opinion has been slow and fairly steady, occurring with greatest rapidity in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It was not prompted by an accumulation of new evidence but by shifts in prevailing economic discourse. New theorisations of human capital made it possible to recognise the full social and economic consequences of housing. New theories of flexible production, including the use of subcontracting, led to a revaluation of the house building industry, a key vehicle of housing policy. The higher policy profile of housing still rests on a weak empirical foundation and is vulnerable to shifts in intellectual fashion.
Dr. Godwin Arku is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/8
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1006
2010-03-03T01:22:21Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Housing Policy Changes in Ghana in the 1990s
Arku, Godwin
Article
2009-03-01T08:00:00Z
Housing policy
Ghana
policy changes
liberalization policies
Housing Studies
261
272
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673030902719763
Geography
The housing sector in Ghana has undergone fundamental changes since the 1990s. Policy focus has shifted away from direct state provision and has moved strongly towards active private sector participation in housing production, financing and production of building materials. In part, this is due to the failure of public housing programmes, dwindling state resources, unimpressive performance of state-owned enterprises, and recognition that the government alone is unable to solve the housing problem. On a broader scale, the changes are rooted in liberalization ideologies that have swept through most economies in the 1980s and 1990s, which have had varying effects on people's housing need and on the national economy. The purpose of this paper is to examine these effects, to offer some interpretations, and to outline some of the lingering challenges facing the country's housing sector.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/7
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1008
2010-03-03T01:30:16Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Housing and Economic Development Debate Revisited: Economic Significance of Housing in Developing Countries
Arku, Godwin
Article
2006-12-01T08:00:00Z
Housing
Economic development
Developing countries
Journal of Housing and the Built Environment
377
395
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10901-006-9056-3
Geography
Should housing improvement be part of economic development strategies? Must housing improvement wait until high-economic growth is attained? How much priority should be given to housing in view of the limited resources in less-developed countries? What are housing benefits in economic development vis-à-vis other economic investments? These questions have generated heated debates, both in the literature on development problems and in planning and practice in the 1950s and 1960s. This paper draws on the accumulated body of knowledge resulting from past experiences in research and policy to revisit the earlier debates, survey the main lines of argument and reassess the economic potential of housing. It then attempts to generate broad policy considerations. The main contention of this paper is that in light of past and present evidence, the housing sector needs to be given serious consideration in economic growth strategies.
Dr. Godwin Arku is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/9
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1013
2010-03-15T00:25:29Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Housing and Economic Development
Arku, Godwin
Report
2008-01-01T08:00:00Z
Geography
Report prepared and submitted to the United Nations Human Settlements Programme.<br>
This report is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check whether the report is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/">WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the report.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/89
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1011
2010-03-04T05:44:04Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Housing as a Tool of Economic Development since 1929
Arku, Godwin
Harris, Richard
Article
2005-12-01T08:00:00Z
International Journal of Urban and Regional Research
895
915
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00627.x
Geography
Housing policy in the developing world has usually been shaped by social and political considerations, yet housing can also be used to promote economic development. From the 1930s to the 1950s, it was increasingly deployed for this purpose by the agencies of colonial powers, including Britain and France; by the United States in Puerto Rico; and by the US Agency for International Development and the Inter-American Development Bank in Latin America. By the mid-1960s, the UN and affiliated agencies, notably the International Labour Office, had a keen and broad appreciation of its significance for economic policy. This understanding was temporarily swamped by rising social concerns and then sidelined when the World Bank began to support sites-and-services schemes in the 1970s. It reasserted itself in the 1980s in the form of 'market enabling' strategies which, however, too often became an excuse for inaction. This history underlines the importance of paying attention to the potential role of housing as a tool of economic development.
Dr. Godwin Arku is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/12
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1010
2010-03-03T01:41:10Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Housing and Economic Development: The Evolution of An Idea Since 1945
Harris, Richard
Arku, Godwin
Article
2006-12-01T08:00:00Z
Economic development
House building
Housing
Housing policy
United Nations
World Bank
Habitat International
1007
1017
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2005.10.003
Geography
The construction and use of decent housing affects economic development through its impact on employment, savings, investment, and labour productivity. These facts have only recently come to be widely acknowledged. Since 1945, housing experts have articulated three views about the role of housing for economic development. In the early post-war decades most writers viewed housing as a social expenditure and a drag on growth. A minority argued that housing could be an important adjunct to specific development projects, usually in isolated locations. Since the 1970s, housing has increasingly come to be seen as a contributor to growth, not only because house building is a major employer with large multiplier effects but also because housing is seen to have social consequences with diverse economic effects. This historical narrative as to how opinion has changed raises questions as to why it has changed.
Dr. Godwin Arku is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/11
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1012
2010-03-19T00:12:31Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Globalization and the Human Factor: Critical Insights
Arku, Godwin
Book Review
2007-07-01T07:00:00Z
Progress in Development Studies
271
272
Geography
Dr. Godwin Arku is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/108
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1009
2010-03-03T01:36:38Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Housing and Development Strategies in Ghana, 1945–2000
Arku, Godwin
Article
2006-01-01T08:00:00Z
International Development Planning Review
333
358
Geography
Housing has occupied an ambiguous place in debates about international development, and about how development should be promoted. The dominant view in the 1940s and 50s was that housing absorbs resources from other productive investments. Not surprisingly development experts accorded a low priority to the sector. Since the early 1960s, there has been a progressive shift in the way that development economists, in particular, have thought about the role of housing in development. Against the background of a continuous shift in opinion, the dearth of in-depth studies on this topic is surprising. With a focus on Ghana, this paper takes a modest step in tracing the changing views about the economic significance of housing in the development process. The analysis indicates that, in principle, views of Ghanaian policy makers about economic aspects of housing have progressed from a narrow and obscure understanding to a broader view. However, in planning and in policy practice, they still have a lot to do.
Dr. Godwin Arku is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/10
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1017
2010-03-06T07:53:29Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
A Method for Estimating the Mean Bed Load Flux in Braided Rivers
Bertoldi, W.
Ashmore, P.
Tubino, M.
Article
2009-02-01T08:00:00Z
Bed load transport
Braided rivers
Morphodynamics
1D modeling
Experimental data
Transversal variability
Geomorphology
330
340
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.06.014
Geography
Prediction of bed load flux remains a significant problem in understanding braided river morphodynamics for geomorphic and engineering applications. Two sets of data from laboratory experiments on braided networks performed at the University of Trento (Italy) and at the University of Alberta (Canada) provide the basis for development of a dimensionless bed load function and for testing a simple predictive model. Measured total sediment transport rates (time-averaged) at equilibrium channel configuration collapse to a single dimensionless relationship based on dimensionless stream power. Bed load fluxes predicted by the Parker and Bagnold functions and cross-section average hydraulic parameters under-predict the bed load flux, particularly at low shear stress. This is consistent with previous observation and theory demonstrating the significant influence of transverse variability of the hydraulic parameters in controlling and predicting bed load flux. A simple method for adjusting for this lateral variation is proposed for computing the sediment transport rate using topographic cross-sections of braided rivers. Results show good agreement with the measured values, suggesting that simple assumptions combined with the mean morphology of the channel may be sufficient to estimate mean bed load flux. Model predictions also highlight the significance of active bed width, rather than bed shear stress, as a fundamental ingredient in the prediction of the bed load rate and therefore, as an important morphological property to be modelled. The model also predicts similar behaviour in the at-a-station variability of bed load and in the importance of variation of active width, relative to bed shear stress, in the transport process.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/13
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1018
2010-03-19T23:26:29Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Defining and Measuring Braiding Intensity
Egozi, Roey
Ashmore, Peter
Article
2008-12-01T08:00:00Z
Braiding index
gravel-bed river
braiding
channel pattern
physical model
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
2121
2138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1658
Geography
Geomorphological studies of braided rivers still lack a consistent measurement of the complexity of the braided pattern. Several simple indices have been proposed and two (channel count and total sinuosity) are the most commonly applied. For none of these indices has there been an assessment of the sampling requirements and there has been no systematic study of the equivalence of the indices to each other and their sensitivity to river stage. Resolution of these issues is essential for progress in studies of braided morphology and dynamics at the scale of the channel network.
A series of experiments was run using small-scale physical models of braided rivers in a 3 m 20 m flume. Sampling criteria for braid indices and their comparability were assessed using constant-discharge experiments. Sample hydrographs were run to assess the effect of flow variability.
Reach lengths of at least 10 times the average wetted width are needed to measure braid indices with precision of the order of 20% of the mean. Inherent variability in channel pattern makes it difficult to achieve greater precision. Channel count indices need a minimum of 10 cross-sections spaced no further apart than the average wetted width of the river. Several of the braid indices, including total sinuosity, give very similar numerical values but they differ substantially from channel-count index values. Consequently, functional relationships between channel pattern and, for example, discharge, are sensitive to the choice of braid index. Braid indices are sensitive to river stage and the highest values typically occur below peak flows of a diurnal (melt-water) hydrograph in pro-glacial rivers. There is no general relationship with stage that would allow data from rivers at different relative stage to be compared. At present, channel count indices give the best combination of rapid measurement, precision, and range of sources from which measurements can be reliably made. They can also be related directly to bar theory for braided pattern development.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/14
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1019
2010-03-06T09:26:28Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Unconfined Confluences as Elements of Braided River Morphology
Ashmore, Peter
Gardner, J. Tobi
Book Chapter
2008-01-01T08:00:00Z
Watersheds
Geomorphology
River engineering
119
143
Geography
Published as a book chapter in: <em>River Confluences, Tributaries and the Fluvial Network</em>. Stephen P. Rice, André G. Roy, and Bruce L. Rhoads. (Eds.).<br>
The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/" >Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/" >WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the book.<br>
J. Tobi. Gardner was a PhD student at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/15
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1021
2010-03-05T09:46:57Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Gender and Agrarian Inequality at the Local Scale
Bezner Kerr, Rachel
Book Chapter
2008-01-01T08:00:00Z
Agricultural systems
Agricultural ecology
Sustainable development
Rural development
281
308
Geography
Published as a book chapter in: <em>Agricultural Systems: Aagroecology and Rural Innovation for development</em>, Sieglinde Snapp and Barry Pound. (Eds.).<br>
The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/" >Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/" >WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/17
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1020
2010-03-05T09:38:07Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
We Grandmothers Know Plenty: Breastfeeding, Complementary Feeding and the Multifaceted Role of Grandmothers in Malawi
Kerr, Rachel Bezner
Dakishoni, Laifolo
Shumba, Lizzie
Msachi, Rodgers
Chirwa, Marko
Article
2008-03-01T08:00:00Z
Malawi
Child nutrition
Grandmothers
Health education
Child health
Breastfeeding
Social Science and Medicine
1095
1105
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.11.019
Geography
This paper has two purposes: first of all, we examine grandmothers' role and views of child feeding practices in northern Malawi, and their influence on younger women's practices. Secondly, we consider the implications of these findings for health promotion activities and models of health education. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews, focus groups and a participatory workshop. Findings demonstrate that, to address child feeding practices which have an effect on nutrition, attention must be paid to the broader context that influences child nutrition, including extended family relations. Paternal grandmothers have a powerful and multifaceted role within the extended family in northern Malawi, both in terms of childcare and in other arenas such as agricultural practices and marital relations. Grandmothers often differ in their ideas about early child feeding from conventional Western medicine. Some practices have existed in the area at least since colonial times, and have strong cultural significance. Despite the important integrated role, older women have within households and communities in this part of Malawi, hospital personnel often have disparaging and paternalistic attitudes towards ‘grannies’ and their knowledge. Health education rarely involves grandmothers, and even if they are involved, their perspectives are not taken into consideration. Hospital staff often reject grandmother knowledge as part of a broader modernization paradigm which views ‘traditional knowledge’ as backward. Grandmothers view current child health conditions within a broader context of changing livelihood conditions and a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. The paper concludes by discussing the challenges of involving grandmothers in health education, and the difficulties of incorporating local knowledge into a medical system that largely rejects it.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/16
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1022
2010-03-06T07:57:19Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Subsidised Fertilizer: Two Views
Kerr, Rachel Bezner
Dakishoni, Laifolo
Lobe, Kenton
Article
2008-09-01T07:00:00Z
Malawi
farmer
agriculture
fertilizer
food
social participation
LEISA Magazine
16
17
Geography
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/18
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1023
2011-12-22T02:05:58Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Breastfeeding and Mixed Feeding Practices in Malawi: Timing, Reasons, Decision Makers, and Child Health Consequences
Kerr, Rachel Bezner
Berti, Peter R.
Chirwa, Marko
Article
2007-03-01T08:00:00Z
Child growth
exclusive breastfeeding
Malawi
mixed feeding
Food and Nutrition Bulletin
90
99
Geography
<p>Background. In order to effectively promote exclusive breastfeeding, it is important to first understand who makes child-care and child-feeding decisions, and why those decisions are made; as in most parts of the world, exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age is uncommon in Malawi. Objective. To characterize early infant foods in rural northern Malawi, who the decision-makers are, their motivation, and the consequences for child growth, in order to design a more effective program for improved child health and nutrition. Methods. In a rural area of northern Malawi, 160 caregivers of children 6 to 48 months of age were asked to recall the child’s age at introduction of 19 common early infant foods, who decided to introduce the food, and why. The heights and weights of the 160 children were measured. Results. Sixty-five percent of the children were given food in their first month, and only 4% of the children were exclusively breastfed for 6 months. Mzuwula and dawale (two herbal infusions), water, and porridge were common early foods. Grandmothers introduced mzuwula to protect the children from illness; other foods were usu- ally introduced by mothers or grandmothers in response to perceived hunger. The early introduction of porridge and dawale, but not mzuwula, was associated with worse anthropometric status. Mzuwula, which is not associated with poor growth, is usually made with boiled water and given in small amounts. Conversely, porridge, which is associated with poor child growth, is potentially contaminated and is served in larger amounts, which would displace breastmilk. Conclusions. Promoters of exclusive breastfeeding should target their messages to appropriate decision makers and consider targeting foods that are most harm- ful to child growth.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/19
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1024
2010-03-06T07:32:34Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Participatory Research on Legume Diversification with Malawian Smallholder Farmers for Improved Human Nutrition and Soil Fertility
Kerr, Rachel Bezner
Snapp, Sieglinde
Chirwa, Marko
Shumba, Lizzie
Msachi, Rodgers
Article
2007-10-08T07:00:00Z
nutrition
soil fertility
legume diversification
Experimental Agriculture
1
17
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0014479707005339
Geography
Legume species are uniquely suited to enhance soil productivity and provide nutrient-enriched grains and vegetables for limited-resource farmers. Yet substantial barriers to diversification with legumes exist, such as moderate yield potential and establishment costs, indicating the need for long-term engagement and farmer-centered research and extension. This review and in-depth analysis of a Malawian case study illustrates that farmer experimentation and adoption of legumes can be fostered among even the most resource-poor smallholders. Multi-educational activities and participatory research involving farmer research teams was carried out with 80 communities. Over five years more than 3000 farmers tested legumes and gained knowledge of legume contributions to child nutrition and soil productivity. The average area of expansion of legume systems was 862 m2 in 2005; 772 m2 for women and 956 m2 for men indicating a gender dimension to legume adoption. Farmers chose edible legume intercrops such as pigeonpea and groundnut over the mucuna green manure system, particularly women farmers. Interestingly, expansion in area of doubled-up edible legumes (854 m2 in 2005) was practiced by more farmers, but was a smaller area than that of mucuna green manure system (1429 m2). An information gap was discovered around the biological consequences of legume residue management. Education on the soil benefits of improved residue management and participatory methods of knowledge sharing were associated with enhanced labour investment; 72 % of farmers reported burying legume residues in 2005 compared to 15 % in 2000. Households reported feeding significantly more edible legumes to their children compared with control households. Participatory research that incorporated nutritional education fostered discussions within households and communities, the foundation for sustained adoption of legume-diversified systems.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/20
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1025
2010-03-06T07:37:06Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Informal Labor and Social Relations in Northern Malawi: The Theoretical Challenges and Implications of Ganyu Labor for Food Security
Kerr, Rachel Bezner
Article
2005-06-01T07:00:00Z
Malawi
food security
Rural Sociology
167
187
Geography
Food insecurity is a problem faced by smallholder farmers in Malawi. In any given year between 70 and 85 percent of households run out of food stocks several months prior to the next harvest. Once food stocks are depleted many households obtain food by doing ganyu, a type of piecework labor. Limited research has been carried out on ganyu. This paper uses qualitative data to examine ganyu in relation to food security in one area of northern Malawi. Using the livelihoods framework, I argue that the most common form of ganyu is both a livelihood strategy and a measure of vulnerability, rather than a type of social capital as suggested by other authors. High reliance on ganyu points to increased social stratification related to a rise in smallholder tobacco production. Women in female-headed households appear to rely more on ganyu than in married households. Policy implications of these findings are considered.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/21
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1026
2010-03-06T07:44:44Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Food Security in Northern Malawi: Gender, Kinship Relations and Entitlements in Historical Context
Kerr, Rachel Bezner
Article
2005-03-01T08:00:00Z
Malawi
Gender
Kinship
food security
Journal of Southern African Studies
53
74
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070500035679
Geography
This article examines household food security in the Ekwendeni region of northern Malawi using the concept of entitlements, set within a broader world historical framework. The bargaining approach to household gender relations is critiqued through an examination of the data. Historical relations created a gendered experience of food security in northern Malawi. Qualitative research carried out in the Ekwendeni region indicates that women have fewer entitlements within the household, at least in part due to the modified patrilineal system of the Tumbuka-speaking people with Ngoni heritage in the region. They have a higher workload in terms of household reproduction as well as agricultural and market activities. Women are responsible for caring for sick relatives within and beyond the household, which affects household food security. Wives are less likely to receive support for kin in the form of seeds, cash, land or food, in comparison to husbands, who in turn do not always give these resources to the household. Women do not have much decision-making power over major production issues. There is evidence for high levels of spousal abuse, as well as excessive use of alcohol by husbands, which also affects household food security. Wives' unequal position is thus due to a lack of entitlements, such as land, access to employment, support from kin and the state. Some differences between this area of northern Malawi and other studies from central and southern Malawi are due to the different entitlements, particularly control over land and income, which speaks to the enduring implications of different lineage systems in the region. Food security is thus affected by women's unequal access to entitlements in northern Malawi, set within a world historical framework, which is essential for understanding the broader causes of food insecurity.
Dr. Rachel Bezner Kerr is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/22
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1027
2010-03-06T08:07:16Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Participatory Research Approaches and Social Dynamics that Influence Agricultural Practices to Improve Child Nutrition in Malawi
Kerr, Rachel Bezner
Chirwa, Marko
Article
2004-11-01T08:00:00Z
legumes
food security
participatory research
soil fertility
child nutrition
Ecohealth
109
119
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-004-0038-1
Geography
The Soils, Food and Healthy Communities project in Malawi uses an interdisciplinary participatory approach to improving child nutrition with resource-poor farmers. The overall research question is: Can legume systems improve soil fertility, food security, and child nutrition? Over 2000 farmers are now experimenting with legume systems in the region. While this article examines the social issues that mitigate the potential success of legume options tested by the farmers, it does not aim at discussing extensively the complex web of interactions between soil fertility, food security, and nutritional status of children. Instead, its focus is on the research process, and more specifically on the social dimensions and participatory approaches, which influenced farmersrsquo adoption of organic matter technologies and legume options. The Farmer Research Team was critical in mobilizing community interest in changing agricultural practices to improve child health, but faced challenges in village politics and workload. The linkage with child nutrition was a major reason for increased adoption of legumes, and gender relations played a key role in the adoption. A deeper understanding of the limits of participatory approaches helped to develop innovations that may be replicated elsewhere, such as inclusion of grandmothers and a farmer apprenticeship program.
Dr. Rachel Bezner Kerr is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/23
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1028
2010-03-06T08:19:36Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Manure Extracts in Vegetable Gardens: On-farm Participatory Research in Malawi
Kerr, Rachel Bezner
Book Chapter
1999-01-01T08:00:00Z
Manure Extracts
Malawi
Geography
Published as a book chapter in: <em>Ecoagriculture: Initiatives in Eastern and Southern Africa</em>. J. F. Devlin and T. Zettel. (Eds.).<br>
The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/" >Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/" >WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the book.<br>
Dr. Rachel Bezner Kerr is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/24
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1029
2010-03-06T08:18:43Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Spatial Modeling for Air Pollution Monitoring Network Design: Example of residential woodsmoke
Su, Jason
Larson, Timothy
Baribeau, Anne-Marie
Brauer, Michael
Rensing, Michael
Buzzelli, Michael
Article
2007-08-01T07:00:00Z
Spatial Modeling
Air Pollution
Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association
893
900
Geography
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how to develop an air pollution monitoring network to characterize small-area spatial contrasts in ambient air pollution concentrations. Using residential woodburning emissions as our case study, this paper reports on the first three stages of a four-stage protocol to measure, estimate, and validate ambient residential woodsmoke emissions in Vancouver, British Columbia. The first step is to develop an initial winter nighttime woodsmoke emissions surface using inverse-distance weighting of emissions information from consumer woodburning surveys and property assessment data. Second, fireplace density and a compound topographic index based on hydrological flow regimes are used to enhance the emissions surface. Third, the spatial variation of the surface is used in a location-allocation algorithm to design a network of samplers for the woodsmoke tracer compound levoglucosan and fine particulate matter. Measurements at these network sites are then used in the fourth stage of the protocol (not presented here): a mobile sampling campaign aimed at developing a high-resolution surface of woodsmoke concentrations for exposure assignment in health effects studies. Overall the results show that relatively simple data inputs and spatial analysis can be effective in capturing the spatial variability of ambient air pollution emissions and concentrations.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/25
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1030
2010-03-06T08:26:14Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
A Spatial Model of Urban Winter Woodsmoke Concentrations
Larson, Timothy
Su, Jason
Baribeau, Anne-Marie
Buzzelli, Michael
Setton, Eleanor
Brauer, Michael
Article
2007-04-01T07:00:00Z
Environmental Science and Technology
2429
2436
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0614060
Geography
In many urban areas, residential wood burning is a significant wintertime source of PM2.5. In this study, we used a combination of fixed and mobile monitoring along with a novel spatial buffering procedure to estimate the spatial patterns of woodsmoke. Two-week average PM2.5 and levoglucosan (a marker for wood smoke) concentrations were concurrently measured at up to seven sites in the study region. In addition, pre-selected routes spanning the major population areas in and around Vancouver, B.C. were traversed during 19 cold, clear winter evenings from November, 2004 to March, 2005 by a vehicle equipped with GPS receiver and a nephelometer. Fifteen-second-average values of light scattering coefficient (bsp) were adjusted for variations between evenings and then combined into a single, highly resolved map of nighttime winter bsp levels. A relatively simple but robust (R2 = 0.64) land use regression model was developed using selected spatial co-variates to predict these temporally adjusted bsp values. The bsp values predicted by this model were also correlated with the measured average levoglucosan concentrations at our fixed site locations (R2 = 0.66). This model, the first application of land use regression for woodsmoke, enabled the identification and prediction of previously unrecognized high woodsmoke regions within an urban airshed.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/26
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1031
2010-03-09T02:29:35Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Geographies of Susceptibility and Exposure in the City: Environmental Inequity of Traffic-Related Air Pollution in Toronto
Buzzelli, Michael
Jerrett, Michael
Article
2007-07-01T07:00:00Z
environmental inequity
traffic
air pollution
Toronto
Canadian Journal of Regional Science
195
210
Geography
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/42
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1032
2010-03-07T08:09:21Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Bourdieu Does Environmental Justice? Probing the Linkages between Population Health and Air Pollution Epidemiology
Buzzelli, Michael
Article
2007-03-01T08:00:00Z
Environmental justice
Population health
Air pollution
epidemiology
Health and Place
3
13
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2005.09.008
Geography
The environmental justice literature faces a number of conceptual and methodological shortcomings. The purpose of this paper is to probe ways in which these shortcomings can be remedied via recent developments in related literatures: population health and air pollution epidemiology. More sophisticated treatment of social structure, particularly if based on Pierre Bourdieu's relational approach to forms of capital, can be combined with the methodological rigour and established biological pathways of air pollution epidemiology. The aim is to reformulate environmental justice research in order to make further meaningful contributions to the wider movement concerned with issues of social justice and equity in health research.
Dr. Michael Buzzelli is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/27
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1034
2010-03-07T08:18:16Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Health Hazards and Socio-Economic Status: A Neighbourhood Cohort Approach, Vancouver, 1976–2001
Buzzelli, Michael
Su, Jason
Le, Nhu
Bache, Tenny
Article
2006-10-01T07:00:00Z
Health hazard
socioeconomic status
Canadian Geographer
376
391
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.2006.00147.x
Geography
This paper lays the foundation for a research program concerned with the geographical patterning of environmental and population health at the urban neighbourhood scale. Based on the Vancouver metropolitan region, the aim is to better understand the role of neighbourhoods as epidemiological spaces where environmental and social characteristics combine as health processes and outcomes at the community and individual levels. With respect to procedure, this paper builds a cohort of commensurate neighbourhoods across all six census periods from 1976 to 2001, assembles neighbourhood air pollution (total particles) data, and provides an initial analysis to demonstrate how air pollution systematically and consistently maps onto neighbourhood socio-economic markers, specifically education and family status. We conclude with a discussion of how the neighbourhood cohort can be further developed to address emergent priorities in the population and environmental health literatures, namely the need for temporally matched data, a life-course approach and analyses that control for spatial scale effects.
Dr. Michael Buzzelli is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/29
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1033
2010-03-07T08:13:58Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Cities as the Industrial Districts of Housebuilding
Buzzelli, Michael
Harris, Richard
Article
2006-12-01T08:00:00Z
housebuilding
International Journal of Urban and Regional Research
894
917
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2006.00695.x
Geography
In North America the housebuilding industry is ubiquitous and locally autonomous. In Ontario during the 1990s, 81% of urban single-family homes were erected by locally based builders, a proportion that varied with urban isolation. Urban areas may be regarded as the industrial districts of home builders: numerous small, specialized firms interact frequently within a rich, embedded market network; subcontracting is the norm; networks and firm boundaries are fluid. The theory of industrial districts offers a useful vocabulary for analysing the neglected building industry. Analytically, the building industry offers unequalled opportunities to explore the dynamics of industrial districts, and how economic globalization meets local limits.
Dr. Michael Buzzelli is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/28
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1035
2010-03-07T08:22:44Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Multi-level Modelling in Health Research: A Caution and Rejoinder on Temporally Mismatched Data
Buzzelli, Michael
Su, Jason
Article
2006-03-01T08:00:00Z
Multi-level modelling
Temporal mismatch
Social environments
Social Science and Medicine
1215
1218
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.06.056
Geography
In a review of the multilevel modelling literature (MLM) we find that data on individuals and their social environment contexts (neighbourhoods, municipalities) are often drawn from different years/time periods. This temporal mismatch has scarcely attracted any attention though it can significantly influence modelling results and interpretation. We demonstrate the influence of temporal mismatch first by outlining the degree of neighbourhood mobility in large metropolitan areas in Britain, Canada and the United States and second with a brief MLM example. We conclude that researchers ought to provide more study context when such mismatch is unavoidable.
Dr. Michael Buzzelli is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/30
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1036
2010-03-07T08:27:47Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Housebuilding in the Machine Age, 1920-1970: Realities and Perceptions of Modernisation in North America and Australia
Harris, Richard
Buzzelli, Michael
Article
2005-01-01T08:00:00Z
House Building
Machine Age
Modernization
North America
Australia
Business History
59
85
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0007679042000267479
Geography
Dr. Michael Buzzelli is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/31
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1037
2010-03-07T08:34:11Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Particulate Air Pollution, Social Confounders, and Mortality In Small Areas of an Industrial City
Jerrett, Michael
Buzzelli, Michael
Burnett, Richard T.
DeLuca, Patrick F.
Article
2005-06-01T07:00:00Z
Air pollution
Health effects
Lifestyle
Socioeconomic factors
Geostatistics
Canada
Social Science and Medicine
2845
2863
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.11.006
Geography
Scientists and policymakers have shown growing interest in the health effects of chronic air pollution exposure. In this study, we use geostatistical techniques in combination with small-area data to address a central research question: “Does chronic exposure to particulate air pollution significantly associate with mortality when the effects of other social, demographic, and lifestyle confounders are taken into account?” Our analysis relies on age-standardized mortality ratios for census tracts (CTs) of Hamilton (average population of 3419 persons), social and demographic data from the 1991 Census of Canada, smoking variables extracted from secondary surveys, and total suspended particulate (TSP) data from 23 monitoring stations operated by the Ministry of the Environment. Air pollution data are interpolated with a geostatistical procedure known as “kriging”. This method translates fixed-site pollution monitoring observations into a continuous surface, which was overlaid onto the population-weighted centroids of the CTs. Our results show substantively large and statistically significant health effects for women and men. Evaluated over the inter-quartile range of the data, we found the relative risk of premature mortality for TSP exposure to be 1.19 (95% CI: 1.13–1.26) for women and 1.30 (95% CI: 1.24–1.37) for men. We also tested associations with cardio-respiratory and cancer mortality. We found positive, significant associations between particulate exposure and these causes of death in most models. Inclusion of socioeconomic, demographic, and lifestyle reduced but did not eliminate the health effects of exposure to particulate air pollution. Overall our results suggest that intra-urban variations in particulate air pollution significantly associate with premature, all-cause, cardio-respiratory, and cancer mortality in small areas of Hamilton.
Dr. Michael Buzzelli is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/32
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1039
2010-03-07T08:45:48Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Exploring Regional Firm-Size Structure in Canadian Housebuilding: Ontario, 1991 and 1996
Buzzelli, Michael
Article
2004-04-01T08:00:00Z
housebuilding
Ontario
market structure
regional models
Urban Geography
241
263
http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.25.3.241
Geography
This paper is concerned with the regional firm-size structure of housebuilding in Canada based on a case study of the province of Ontario. Using an innovative database of builders in Ontario and geographic information systems, measures of regional firm-size structure are developed and are modeled with data from the Canadian census. The results corroborate established models in the city systems and industrial organization literatures in that industrial concentration is negatively associated with regional population size, economic diversity, and economic performance. Small housebuilding firms abound in large, diverse and economically vibrant regions, especially large urban regions, and thereby maintain industrial deconcentration.
Dr. Michael Buzzelli is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/34
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1038
2010-03-07T08:40:36Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
What Explains Firm Transience in House-building? A Regional Analysis of Ontario, Canada, 1991 and 1996
Buzzelli, Michael
Article
2005-08-01T07:00:00Z
Firm entry
Exit
House-building
Ontario
Regional Studies
699
712
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343400500213523
Geography
Buzzelli M. (2005) What explains firm transience in house-building? A regional analysis of Ontario, Canada, 1991 and 1996, Regional Studies 39 , 699-712. This paper presents cross-sectional analyses of firm exit (1991) and entry (1996) in house-building using a geographic information system of firms in Ontario's 48 counties (regions). Ordinary least-squares and logit regressions of entry and exit rates reveal several regional determinants, some specific to the housing market (prior construction) and others usually found in regional studies of firm dynamics (population density, market growth, incomes, immigration, unemployment and home ownership). The results suggest that housing policy may be best administered at the regional scale - the scale at which builders typically operate in North America.
Dr. Michael Buzzelli is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/33
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1041
2010-03-07T09:01:16Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Spatiotemporal Perspectives on Air Pollution and Environmental Justice in Hamilton, Canada, 1985-1996
Buzzelli, Michael
Jerrett, Michael
Burnett, Richard
Finklestein, Norm
Article
2003-09-01T07:00:00Z
air pollution
environmental justice
GIS
Hamilton
kriging
Annals of the Association of American Geographers
557
573
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8306.9303003
Geography
This article addresses two questions: (1) How do spatiotemporal changes in air pollution levels—specifically, total suspended particulates (TSP)—rise or fall with socioeconomic status? (2) A critical equity interpretation of environmental policy then motivates this question: does the pursuit of average regional reductions in pollution benefit those who need improvements least, benefit those who need improvements most, or maintain the status quo? TSP data are drawn from networks of monitoring stations operated in 1985, 1990, and 1995. The monitoring data are interpolated with a kriging algorithm to produce estimates of likely pollution distribution throughout Hamilton. Exposure is related to socioeconomic status (SES) variables at the census tract level for corresponding years—1986, 1991, and 1996—and associations are tested with ordinary least squares (OLS) and spatial regression models. The results show that whether TSP rises or falls, injustice persists but becomes less pronounced over time. Among all SES indicators, dwelling value consistently predicts TSP levels for all years, suggestive of a land-rent/spatial-externalities dynamic. As we move forward in time, it becomes increasingly difficult to differentiate air-pollution exposure among Hamilton neighborhoods, as industrial TSP sources become more dispersed in the region and transportation pollution becomes relatively more important. We conjecture that more equitable distributions of air pollution have resulted more from post-Fordist industrial and spatial restructuring than from environmental policy intervention. Injustice in Hamilton and its apparent relationship with changing industrial structure appear similar to results in the United States and speak to a continental, intraurban environmental-justice experience.
Dr. Michael Buzzelli is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/36
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1040
2010-03-07T08:56:29Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Racial Gradients of Ambient Air Pollution Exposure in Hamilton, Canada
Buzzelli, Michael
Jerrett, Michael
Article
2004-01-01T08:00:00Z
Racial gradients
air pollution exposure
Hamilton
Canada
Environment and Planning A
1855
1876
http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a36151
Geography
Environmental justice research in the United States has coalesced around the notion that visible-minority status, along with socioeconomic position (SEP), conditions exposure to environmental health hazards. In the context of long-standing debates over Canada - USA urban differences, we address the question of whether racial gradients exist in air pollution across Hamilton, Canada. Monitored air quality data are spatially interpolated with a kriging algorithm. These interpolated exposures are statistically correlated with 1996 data at the census tract scale, with the aid of multivariate and spatial techniques. The proportion of Latin-Americans in a census tract is positively associated with pollution exposure, even after control for many SEP variables. In contrast, Asian-Canadians are negatively associated with air pollution, and Black-Canadians show no clear correlation at all. Thus, the faces of environmental racism in Canada seem more varied and nuanced than in the USA. Given the immigrant basis of visible minorities in Canada, we argue that Hamilton (and the Canadian city generally) may represent new dimensions of environmental racism driven by economic status at time of entry. In drawing on similar findings in the USA and the United Kingdom, the authors conclude that environmental racism appears present in all jurisdictions, but that the nature and extent of disproportionate exposure differ between countries.
Dr. Michael Buzzelli is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/35
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1042
2010-03-08T07:32:59Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Small Is Transient: Housebuilding Firms in Ontario, Canada 1978-98
Buzzelli, Michael
Harris, Richard
Article
2003-05-01T07:00:00Z
Housebuilding
Firms
Transience
Housing Studies
369
386
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673030304238
Geography
The North American housebuilding industry has been neglected in urban and housing studies. Its firm size structure and instability have long been cause for concern, but have rarely been given more than anecdotal treatment. This paper examines the transience of housebuilders in Ontario from 1978 to 1998. Using a census of builders provided by the Ontario New Home Warranty Program, the industry's firm membership is found to be extremely transient. Most transience comes by way of new firm formation and permanent firm exits from the market, while a small cohort of builders withdraw from and re-enter the market on a regular basis. The business cycle speeds and slows these processes but flux is due primarily to the annual turnover of small builders. To reduce transience, policy makers must decide between slowing entry and perhaps raising industry concentration or allowing continued firm entry and probably transience.
Dr. Michael Buzzelli is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/37
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1043
2010-03-08T07:40:00Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Comparing Proximity Measures of Exposure to Geostatistical Estimates in Environmental Justice Research
Buzzelli, Michael
Jerrett, Michael
Article
2003-01-01T08:00:00Z
GIS
Environmental justice
Proximity
Validation
Kriging
Geostatistics
Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards
13
21
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hazards.2003.11.001
Geography
This paper tests the validity of proximity as an estimate for environmental health hazard exposure, and suggests how it may be used as an indicator in future environmental health and justice research. Using geostatistics and geographic information systems, air pollution monitoring data in Hamilton, Canada are interpolated to obtain local estimates of total suspended particulates. These estimates are used address the following questions: How does the distribution of proximity to health hazards compare with monitored air pollution data? Does the use of proximity rather than air pollution data significantly change the substantive conclusions of environmental injustice in models with sociodemographic data? The results show that proximity measures can be useful indicators if flexibly applied. Guidelines for future applications are discussed.
Dr. Michael Buzzelli is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/38
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1044
2010-03-08T07:45:52Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Firm Size Structure in North American Housebuilding: Persistent Deconcentration, 1945-1998
Buzzelli, Michael
Article
2001-01-01T08:00:00Z
housebuilding
deconcentration
North America
Environment and Planning A
533
550
http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a33103
Geography
In this paper I document and analyse the evolving firm size structure of the housebuilding industry in North America since World War 2, and place it in a wider context of industrial organisation. This is done first by synthesising the literature on housebuilding, particularly secondary data, to outline the industry's firm size and market share distributions. Second, the literature is extended with new and original data on the housebuilding industry for the province of Ontario, supplied by the Ontario New Home Warranty Program. The data are a complete annual census of builders in the province from 1978 through 1998. Using standard measures of industrial concentration and firm size classifications common to the housebuilding literature, Ontario is placed in the Canadian and North American contexts, to outline how housebuilding has evolved since World War 2. The main findings are that housebuilding shows no long-term trend toward rising market concentration. Rather, the industry's structure appears to change in cycles, while the largest firms have neither the growth rates nor the longevity to produce high levels of concentration common in other industries. On the basis of these findings, I suggest how insights into the firm size structure of housebuilding may benefit from, and contribute to, our understanding of social systems of production and discuss directions for future research.
Dr. Michael Buzzelli is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/39
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1045
2010-03-08T07:49:32Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
From Little Britain to Little Italy: An Urban Ethnic Landscape Study in Toronto
Buzzelli, Michael
Article
2001-10-01T07:00:00Z
urban ethnic landscape
Toronto
Journal of Historical Geography
583
587
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhge.2001.0355
Geography
Before World War II, most of Toronto's residents were of British descent, and this was reflected in the urban landscape. On St Clair Avenue West, bordering British working class neighbourhoods, a Georgian style predominated and the area was known as Little Britain. After the war, heavy Italian immigration diversified the city and St Clair. Immigrants settled around St Clair where the identity of Little Britain gave way to Little Italy. This study documents and interprets landscape change on St Clair since the war. Photographs show that St Clair retail façades experienced early and sustained change up to the 1990s with new materials and uses of space. Informant interviews with Italian-origin proprietors yielded insights into the identity and meaning of their own renovations and landscape change generally. The changing landscape, like the social process of ethnicity, involved both pride and tensions. Proprietors believed their own «Italian-style» renovations had necessarily improved upon St Clair's original appearance, and that St Clair now suffers because of recent storefront changes brought on by new immigrant settlers. Together, the visible changes and their meaning to occupants of the landscape suggest how places like St Clair can contribute to our understanding of both landscape and ethnicity.
Dr. Michael Buzzelli is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/40
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1048
2010-03-09T02:43:04Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
In Situ Jet Testing of the Erosional Resistance of Cohesive Streambeds
Shugar, Daniel
Kostaschuk, Ray
Ashmore, Peter
Desloges, Joe
Burge, Leif
Article
2007-01-01T08:00:00Z
critical stress
submerged jet
erodibility
cohesive soils
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering
1192
1195
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/L07-024
Geography
Fletcher's Creek is located in an urbanizing basin near Toronto and has a bed and banks composed primarily of cohesive Halton Till. Critical shear stress and an erodibility coefficient for the till were determined using an in situ jet-tester that directs a submerged jet of water perpendicular to the sediment surface. The results from 10 jet-tests indicate that the till has a relatively low critical shear stress and relatively high erodibility coefficient and could be susceptible to bed scour during flood events. Many other streams in southern Ontario have urbanizing watersheds with cohesive till beds that may also be susceptible to erosion.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/44
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1046
2010-03-08T07:53:51Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Toronto's Postwar Little Italy: Landscape Change and Ethnic Relations
Buzzelli, Michael
Article
2000-09-01T07:00:00Z
Toronto
Little Italy
ethnic relations
Canadian Geographer
298
305
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.2000.tb00711.x
Geography
Dr. Michael Buzzelli is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/41
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1047
2010-03-09T02:34:25Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Collaboration in Industry: Empirical Findings among Small Electronics Manufacturing Firms in the Greater Toronto Area
Arku, Godwin
Article
2002-08-01T07:00:00Z
inter-firm collaboration
small electronics firm
Toronto
GeoJournal
325
336
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:GEJO.0000007358.00395.0d
Geography
According to many researchers, the use of inter-firm collaborative practices as a new industrial production strategy is increasing as a response to industrial restructuring and changing environmental conditions. The adoption of these practices is thought to be particularly critical for small firms, and consequently governments in most industrialized countries have designed specific policies aimed at encouraging inter-firm relationships. The few empirical studies have focused on the experiences of model industrial districts to support claims about the ubiquity of collaborative relations. The present study of a more typical urban area examines three interrelated issues: the incidence of inter-firm relations, the motivations and forms of collaboration, and the influence of public policies on inter-firm relationships. Information was collected from 191 small electronics firms in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). The results suggest that inter-firm collaboration is moderately common but not the norm. The incidence of collaborative activities is likely to increase with company size. While motives for inter-firm activities vary slightly with firm size, the nature and forms of agreements are largely similar among various sizes of firms. The paper notes that public policies and programs within the GTA have not had the desired impact of creating cooperative attitudes among small electronics firms.
Dr. Godwin Arku is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/43
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1049
2010-03-09T02:49:45Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Prediction of Discharge from Water Surface Width in a Braided River with Implications for at-a-station Hydraulic Geometry
Ashmore, Peter
Sauks, Emilie
Article
2006-03-08T08:00:00Z
braided river
hydraulic geometry
hydrometric methods
proglacial river
Water Resources Research
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005WR003993
Geography
The total discharge of small braided rivers can be monitored nearly continuously using ground-based, orthorectified oblique images and a locally derived relationship between mean water surface width in a reach and total discharge with accuracy of the order of 10%. The width-discharge relationship is nearly linear over the normal range of summer flows measured in this proglacial stream. The width-discharge relation for a given location and channel configuration is transferable to adjacent reaches with different morphology with little loss in accuracy. However, the prospect of a more universal relation for braided rivers is remote because of differences in channel geometry and hydraulics between rivers. The classical at-a-station hydraulic geometry exponent for width in this case is approximately 1.05, which is unique, well above that observed in the few other braided rivers for which this has been derived, and implies almost no change in mean velocity and depth with changing stage.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/45
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1050
2013-12-05T18:27:42Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Bed-load Path Length and Point Bar Development in Gravel-bed River Models
Pyrce, Richard S.
Ashmore, Peter E.
Article
2005-08-01T07:00:00Z
Bedload transport
flume experiments
gravel-bed
path length
point bar
Sedimentology
839
857
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2005.00714.x
Geography
<p>Low-sinuosity meandering gravel-bed flume experiments were employed to investigate spatial patterns of deposition, which point to patterns of channel development related to the pool and bar morphology. At channel-forming discharges, fluorescent bedload tracers indicate that deposition is typically focused around the point bar apex, downstream of the apex (contributing to downstream bar migration), and at the bar head/riffle surface. Seven flume experimental runs illustrate a sequence of point bar development related to the spatial patterns of tracer deposition, and the related path length distribution. At early stages of bar formation, transport is from the scour zone across the point bar head to the bar apex and bar margin downstream of the apex. As the point bar develops, bedload transport across the bar decreases, as transport along the channel thalweg increases and sediment is deposited along the bar margin. Deposition cells appear to move from downstream to upstream of the bar apex as this sequence of bar formation progresses. At low (non-channel-forming) discharges, transport occurs to the bar head/riffle surface with very little material being transported to the apex region or point bar interior. The implication is that there is an inherent connection between the loci of particle deposition and point bar formation, largely controlled by the morphology of the channel.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/46
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1051
2010-03-11T06:44:09Z
publication:geography
publication:apmaths
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
publication:apmathspub
Assessing a Numerical Cellular Braided-stream Model with a Physical Model
Doeschl-Wilson, Andrea B.
Ashmore, Peter E.
Article
2005-05-01T07:00:00Z
braided rivers
cellular automata
fluvial processes
computational models
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
519
540
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1146
Applied Mathematics
Geography
A. B. Murray and C. Paola (1994, Nature, vol. 371, pp. 54-57; 1997, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, vol. 22, pp. 1001-1025) proposed a cellular model for braided river dynamics as an exploratory device for investigating the conditions necessary for the occurrence of braiding. The model reproduces a number of the general morphological and dynamic features of braided rivers in a simplified form. Here we test the representation of braided channel morphodynamics in the Murray-Paola model against the known characteristics (mainly from a sequence of high resolution digital elevation models) of a physical model of a braided stream. The overall aim is to further the goals of the exploratory modelling approach by first investigating the capabilities and limitations of the existing model and then by proposing modifications and alternative approaches to modelling of the essential features of braiding. The model confirms the general inferences of Murray and Paola (1997) about model performance. However, the modelled evolution shows little resemblance to the real evolution of the small-scale laboratory river, although this depends to some extent on the coarseness of the grid used in the model relative to the scale of the topography. The model does not reproduce the bar-scale topography and dynamics even when the grid scale and amplitude of topography are adapted to be equivalent to the original Murray-Paola results. Strong dependence of the modelled processes on local bed slopes and the tendency for the model to adopt its own intrinsic scale, rather than adapt to the scale of the pre-existing topography, appear to be the main causes of the differences between numerical model results and the physical model morphology and dynamics. The model performance can be improved by modification of the model equations to more closely represent the water surface but as an exploratory approach hierarchical modelling promises greater success in overcoming the identified shortcomings.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/47
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1052
2013-12-05T18:28:53Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Bed Particle Path Length Distributions and Channel Morphology in Gravel-bed Streams
Pyrce, Richard S.
Ashmore, Peter E.
Article
2003-11-15T08:00:00Z
Bed load transport
Channel morphology
Path length
Field experiment
Sediment tracers
Geomorphology
167
187
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(03)00077-1
Geography
<p>The path length (downstream displacement over a given time period) of individual bed particles in gravel-bed rivers is central to morphological methods for measuring bed load transport rate and is also fundamental to understanding the bed load transport process and the development of channel morphology. Previous studies of particle movement using tracers report predominantly strongly positively skewed frequency distributions of path length with modes close to the point of entrainment. However, gravel-bed rivers often have regularly spaced erosion (scour pools) and deposition (channel bars) sites that are several channel widths apart and it is reasonable to expect that particle path length would reflect this morphological scale, at least during flows large enough to create and modify the morphology. Here, we synthesize and re-analyze results from published bed load tracing experiments in gravel-bed rivers to identify the variety of possible path length distributions for differing channel morphology, channel dimensions, bed particle size, and particle mobility (i.e. flow magnitude) and to look for occurrences of path length coinciding with the length scale of the morphology. The results show that path length distributions may be positively skewed, symmetrical, and uni-, bi-, or multi-modal and may include modes that coincide with known or expected pool–bar spacing. Primary path length modes equivalent to possible pool–bar spacing are more probable at higher non-dimensional bed shear stress, from which it is inferred that both particle mobility and channel morphology exert an influence on particle path lengths and that particle movement is unlikely to be stochastic except at relatively low particle mobility. Existing data are inadequate for more than a preliminary analysis of this problem consequently there is a need for new data collected explicitly and systematically to confirm these preliminary results, isolate the effect of the several variables that influence the characteristics of path length frequency distributions and identify the conditions under which path length coincides with the length scale of the dominant morphology.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/48
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1053
2013-12-05T18:30:00Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Particle Path Length Distributions in Meandering Gravel-bed Streams: Results from Physical Models
Pyrce, Richard S.
Ashmore, Peter E.
Article
2003-08-01T07:00:00Z
gravel-bed river
bedload transport
path length
sediment tracers
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
951
966
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.498
Geography
<p>In gravel-bed rivers with well-defined pool-bar morphology, the path length of transported bed particles must be, at least during channel-forming flows, equal to the length scale of the morphology. This is the basis for some methods for estimating bed material transport rates. However, previous data, especially from field tests, are often strongly positively skewed with mean much shorter than the pool-bar spacing. One possible explanation is that positively skewed distributions occur only in channels lacking distinct pool-bar topography or only at lower discharges in pool-bar channels. A series of flume experiments using fluorescent tracers was used to measure path length distributions in low-sinuosity meandering channels to assess the relation with channel morphology and flow conditions. At channel-forming flows, 55 to 75 per cent of the tracer grains were deposited on the first point bar downstream of the point of tracer input, with 15 per cent passing beyond the first bar. Path length distributions are symmetrical with mean equal to the pool-bar spacing and can be described with a Cauchy distribution. In some cases there was a secondary mode close to the point of tracer introduction; this bimodal distribution fits a combined gamma-Cauchy distribution. Only when discharge was reduced below the channel-forming flow were frequency distributions unimodal and positively skewed with no relation to the pool-bar spacing. Thus, path length distributions become more symmetrical, and mean path length increases to coincide with pool-bar spacing, as flow approaches channel-forming conditions. This is a substantial modification of existing models of particle transfer in gravel-bed rivers.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/49
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1054
2010-03-11T06:58:05Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Sediment Yield Mapping in a Large River Basin: The Upper Yangtze, China
Lu, X. X.
Ashmore, Peter
Wang, Jinfei
Article
2003-04-01T08:00:00Z
Sediment yield
Kriging
Interpolation
Scaling ratio
The Upper Yangtze
China
Environmental Modelling and Software
339
353
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1364-8152(02)00107-X
Geography
A number of studies have mapped sediment yield at global or regional scales using sediment load measurements from rivers. However, the suitability of the limited mapping methods has not been fully addressed, particularly for large river basins where the sediment load data were obtained from a hierarchical river network. This study examines some of the issues related to the mapping approaches using long-term sediment load data obtained in the Upper Yangtze basin, China. The sediment yield data are treated as point values and interpolated using the kriging function in Arc/Info GIS. Barriers have been incorporated into the interpolation procedure to confine the interpolation points to the same major flow systems. The incorporation of barriers causes sharp changes of the interpolated values along the barrier lines, and significantly increases interpolation time. Scaling ratios relative to a standard size of drainage area have been developed for major drainage basins to remove effects of drainage sizes on sediment yield. By incorporating the scaling ratios the sediment load data from various sizes of drainage areas can be adjusted to what they would be if the drainage areas were the same and a less biased sediment yield map can be obtained as compared to using the original dataset.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/50
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1055
2010-03-13T00:59:00Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Seasonal Water Discharge and Sediment Load Changes in the Upper Yangtze, China
Lu, Xi Xi
Ashmore, Peter
Wang, Jin Fei
Article
2003-02-01T08:00:00Z
Water discharge
sediment transport
land use change
Upper Yangtze
China
Mountain Research and Development
56
64
Geography
Analysis of seasonal water discharge and sediment load data for major tributaries of the Upper Yangtze indicates significant changes from 1957 to 1987. Discrimination between land use-induced and climatic variation-induced changes was attempted using the systematic shift in the seasonal sediment load relative to the seasonal water flow. Available evidence suggests that most of these changes were caused by human activities such as deforestation, water use, and construction of reservoirs rather than by decadal climatic variations. The changes identified in water flow and sediment flux in both wet and dry seasons for some tributaries had significant implications with respect to flooding and water shortages.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/55
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1056
2011-04-14T23:33:37Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Monitoring River-Channel Change Using Terrestrial Oblique Digital Imagery and Automated Digital Photogrammetry
Chandler, Jim
Ashmore, Peter
Paola, Chris
Gooch, Mike
Varkaris, Fred
Article
2002-12-01T08:00:00Z
braided rivers
digital elevation models
sediment transport
spatial measurement
Annals of the Association of American Geographers
631
644
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8306.00308
Geography
<p>Imagery acquired using a high-resolution digital camera and ground survey has been used to monitor changes in bed topography and plan form, and to obtain synoptic water-surface and flow-depth information in the braided, gravel-bed Sunwapta River in the Canadian Rockies. Digital images were obtained during daily low flows during the summer meltwater season to maximize the exposed bed area and to map the water surface on the days with the highest flows. Images were acquired from a cliff-top 125 m above and at a distance of 235 m from the riverbed and used to generate high-resolution orthophotos and digital elevation models (DEMs) at a ground resolution of 0.2 m, within an area 80 times 125 m. The creation of DEMs from oblique and nonmetric imagery using automated digital photogrammetry can be difficult, but a solution based on rotation of coordinates is described here. Independent field verification demonstrated that root mean square accuracies of 0.045 m in elevation were achieved. The ground survey data representing riverbed topography were merged with photogrammetric DEMs of the exposed bars. The high-flow water surface could not be surveyed directly because wading was dangerous but was derived by ground survey of selected accessible points and photogrammetry. The DEMs and depth map provide high-resolution, continuous data on the channel morphology and will be the basis for subsequent two-dimensional flow-modeling of velocity and shear stress fields. The experience of using digital photogrammetry for monitoring river-channel change allows the authors to identify other potential benefits of using this technique for fluvial research and beyond.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/51
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1057
2010-03-11T07:09:51Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
The Effects of Survey Frequency on Estimates of Scour and Fill in a Braided River Model
Lindsay, John B.
Ashmore, Peter E.
Article
2002-01-01T08:00:00Z
scour and fill
measurement bias
survey frequency
morphological methods
bed load sediment transport
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
27
43
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.282
Geography
Estimates of scour and fill in rivers that are derived by differencing topographic surfaces are known to be negatively biased by local compensation of scour and fill between surveys but the magnitude of bias is not well known. This study examines the effect of survey frequency on volumes of scour and fill over a period of active channel braiding in a small-scale river model. A 100 min, high temporal resolution time series of digital elevation models is artificially coarsened by selectively removing models. The resulting four overlapping time series have survey intervals of 10 min, 20 min, 50 min and 100 min. Cumulative scour and fill volumes for the 100 min period are compared between the four series. It is concluded that the decay in measured volumes of scour and fill with increased survey interval can be described using inverse functions. Cumulative scour-fill volumes are approximately 420 per cent greater over the study period for 10 min survey intervals than for a 100 min interval. After the 100 min period of competent flow, nearly 65 per cent of the channel area experienced significant compensation of scour and fill. Several compensation mechanisms were identified in association with braided channel kinetics, including lateral channel migration, the migration of bed forms, and channel avulsion. It is demonstrated that by negatively biasing scour, fill and net estimates, this error significantly affects morphological approaches to the estimation of bed load sediment transport.
An erratum has been published for this article in Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 27(7) 2002, 795.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/52
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1058
2010-03-11T07:13:40Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Channel Adjustment and a Test of Rational Regime Theory in a Proglacial Braided Stream
Chew, L. C.
Ashmore, Peter E.
Article
2001-03-01T08:00:00Z
river morphology
braiding
hydraulic geometry
Geomorphology
43
63
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00062-3
Geography
The upstream reach of the Sunwapta River, Alberta, provides a useful quasi-experimental field case of channel adjustment in a proglacial stream. Historically, the formation of a proglacial lake deprived the river of its coarse sediment supply for several decades and lead to a dramatic decrease in braiding intensity close to the lake while braiding intensity increased further downstream. This response to the reduction of gravel input is consistent with previous experimental results. Subsequent construction activity and channelization close to the lake have contributed to the continuation of these temporal and spatial trends in channel pattern. The current state of adjustment of the river morphology can be explained, in the context of these historical changes, using rational regime equations. The study reach has no tributaries and bed material size decreases twofold along the reach while width and braiding intensity increase, yet channel slope decreases by only 10%. The absence of any significant change in discharge downstream along the reach allows testing of regime equations under conditions in which discharge is held constant. The current downstream trends in slope and fluctuations in width are predicted reliably from rational regime equations, but not by the existing empirical hydraulic geometry relations. The rational equations incorporate the effect of grain size and slope on channel width and the effect of width and grain size on channel slope. The regime equations are successful even though they were devised for single channel gravel streams. The small (10%) decrease in slope along the reach, despite a halving of median grain size, is attributed to the counteracting (positive) effect on slope of the downstream increase in braiding intensity and width. The downstream increase in braiding intensity must be largely the result of decreasing grain size. This confirms the influence of grain size on channel pattern thresholds and demonstrates, using spatial transitions in channel pattern, that channel pattern predictions based on stream power alone are inadequate.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/53
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1060
2010-03-13T01:04:31Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
A Case Study of Intra-community Conflict as Facility Impact
Baxter, Jamie
Article
2006-05-01T07:00:00Z
Environmental Management
Environmental Studies
Planning
Human Geography
Housing
Land Economy
Journal of Environmental Planning and Management
337
360
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640560600598361
Geography
Through a qualitative case study, this paper describes the everyday experience of conflict as a serious impact of noxious facilities. It describes intra-community conflict over two existing waste facilities (a regional landfill and a low-level hazardous waste facility) in Ryley, Alberta, Canada. Twenty-seven in-depth face-to-face interviews and one focus group reveal deep conflict presented as frustration, anger, social isolation and strained social relations between locals who 'support' the facilities as a means of bolstering the local economy and those who do not (mainly long-time resident farmers). Although the type of hazard exposure (i.e. existing facilities) is important for explaining why conflict developed and became entrenched, it is argued that the nature of community, and in particular differences in ways of life, are also critical determinants. The findings are compared to theory and other case studies concerning why social conflict develops over technological hazards. Implications for environmental impact assessment and environmental appeals are discussed, as well as compensation as one avenue for equitably reducing conflict.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/56
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1059
2010-03-11T07:19:30Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Recent (1995-1998) Canadian Research on Contemporary Processes of River Erosion and Sedimentation, and River Mechanics
Ashmore, Peter
Conly, F. M.
deBoer, D.
Martin, Y.
Petticrew, E.
Roy, A.
Article
2000-06-30T07:00:00Z
Hydrological Processes
1687
1706
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(20000630)14:9<1687::AID-HYP72>3.0.CO;2-9
Geography
Canadian research on contemporary erosion and sedimentation processes covers a wide range of scales, processes, approaches and environmental problems. This review of recent research focuses on the themes of sediment yield, land-use impact, fine-sediment transport, bed material transport and river morphology and numerical modelling of fluvial landscape development.
Research on sediment yield and denudation has confirmed that Canadian rivers are often dominated by riparian sediment sources. Studies of the effects of forestry on erosion, in-stream sedimentation and habitat are prominent, including major field experimental studies in coastal and central British Columbia. Studies of fine-sediment transport mechanisms have focused on the composition of particles and the dynamics of flocculation. In fluvial dynamics there have been important contributions to problems of turbulence-scale flow structure and entrainment processes, and the characteristics of bedload transport in gravel-bed rivers. Although much of the work has been empirical and field-based, results of numerical modelling of denudational processes and landscape development also have begun to appear.
The nature of research in Canada is driven by the progress of the science internationally, but also by the nature of the Canadian landscape, its history and resource exploitation. Yet knowledge of Canadian rivers is still limited, and problems of, for example, large pristine rivers or rivers in cold climates, remain unexplored. Research on larger scale issues of sediment transfer or the effects of hydrological change is now hampered by reductions in national monitoring programmes. This also will make it difficult to test theory and assess modelling results. Monitoring has been replaced by project- and issues-based research, which has yielded some valuable information on river system processes and opened opportunities for fluvial scientists. However, future contributions will depend on our ability to continue with fundamental fluvial science while fulfilling the management agenda.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/54
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1061
2010-03-13T01:10:10Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Explaining Perceptions of a Technological Environmental Hazard Using Comparative Analysis
Baxter, Jamie
Greenlaw, Kristine
Article
2005-03-01T08:00:00Z
technological environmental hazard
Canadian Geographer
61
80
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0008-3658.2005.00080.x
Geography
This study addresses one of the main research problems in the area of environmental hazard risk—to explain why perception of threat from the same hazard varies between groups. We argue that the cultural theory of risk, explicitly place-contingent ways of life and worldviews that support those ways of life, goes a long way towards explaining risk perception differences in the communities of Kinuso, Fort Assiniboine and Barrhead Alberta. Fifty-five in-depth interviews were conducted within these communities; three of the four communities are closest to the Alberta Special (hazardous) Waste Treatment Facility. A regional donut pattern of interviewee concern is partially explained as differential attachment to ways of life like farming, tourism and hunting for the concerned and amenity-proximate rural living for the unconcerned. These relationships are further supported by worldviews like distrust and sensitivity to equity for the concerned and the price of progress for the unconcerned. Though this study is not about siting process per se, detailed conversations about the siting process indicate that the perceptions of risk (as concern) in the operational phase of this hazard were solidified early on and are likely difficult to change.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/57
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1062
2010-03-13T01:18:12Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Understanding Expressed Low Concern and Latent Concern near a Hazardous Waste Treatment Facility
Baxter, Jamie
Lee, Daniel
Article
2004-12-01T08:00:00Z
low concern
latent concern
hazardous waste treatment facility
Journal of Risk Research
705
729
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1366987042000146210
Geography
This paper discusses local small town residents' concerns about risk and safety near a hazardous waste facility at Swan Hills, Alberta, Canada. The majority of the residents studied outwardly express that they have low concern about the facility. The purposes are to both elaborate existing theory that potentially explains low concern and to explore new explanations of low concern in everyday life. Theories or concepts which potentially explain expressed low concern are start-points for this qualitative case study. These include: economic risk theory, psychometric risk theory, cultural risk theory, cognitive dissonance (threat denial), community identity and stigma, and risk attenuation. Thirtyeight in-depth resident interviews involving views of facility risks, as well as community life, are used to better understand the social construction of risk. It is found that despite the fact that 31 residents outwardly insist they have no or low concern about facility risks when first prompted, 11 actually do show latent concerns when probed further, expressed as uncertainty, reservations and doubt. It is argued that juxtaposing the views of insiders against those perceived to be held by outsiders furthers understanding of why facility concern is rarely expressed in such a community. There is a heightened sense of pride and positive community identity manifest as a defensive reaction by insider residents to outsiders who are perceived to hold negative, stigmatizing views of the facility as well as the town. Implications relating to community and industry vigilance as well as the impacts of outsiders sensationalising risk are discussed.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/58
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1063
2010-03-13T01:24:49Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
The Social and Ppsychological Impact of the Chemical Contamination Incident in Weston Village, UK: A Qualitative Analysis
Barnes, Geoffrey
Baxter, Jamie
Litva, Andrea
Staples, Brian
Article
2002-12-01T08:00:00Z
Environment
Chemicals
Contamination
Community
Stress
Impact
UK
Social Science and Medicine
2227
2241
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00367-7
Geography
This paper contributes to the literature on community response to the announcement of well-established chemical contamination close to their homes. It describes a study of residents’ views of chemical contamination on a close and long-standing community in the context of impacts on everyday life. This followed the discovery early in 2000 that houses in Weston Village, in the County of Cheshire, England, were contaminated by the chemical hexachlorobutadiene which was seeping from a sealed chemical waste quarry owned by Imperial Chemical Industries, one of the world's largest chemical companies. Qualitative methods were used for the study. A total of 23 people from the village were interviewed in 15 focused, semi-structured interviews. This study highlights the importance of attention to secondary, community-level and interpersonal-level health impacts in the face of epidemiological uncertainty.
Dr. Jamie Baxter is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/59
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1064
2010-03-13T01:28:53Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Gender, Migration and Livelihoods: Migrant Women in Southern Africa
Dodson, Belinda
Book Chapter
2008-01-01T08:00:00Z
gender
migraton
South Africa
137
158
Geography
Published as a book chapter in: <em>New Perspectives on Gender and Migration: Livelihood, Rights and Entitlements</em>. Nicola Piper. (Ed.).<br>
The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/">WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/60
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1065
2010-03-13T01:35:30Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Natural Disasters in Africa
Dodson, Belinda
Book Chapter
2004-01-01T08:00:00Z
Geography
Physical Geography
Geophysics
Geodesy
Human Geography
Climate Change
Regional Studies
Cultural Studies
231
245
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2851-9_12
Geography
Published as a book chapter in: <em>International Perspectives on Natural Disasters: Occurrence, Mitigation, and Consequences</em>. John Lidstone, Lisa M. Dechano, and Joseph P. Stoltman. (Eds.).
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/61
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1066
2010-03-13T01:40:21Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Women in the Brain Drain: Gender and Skilled Migration from South Africa
Dodson, Belinda
Book Chapter
2002-01-01T08:00:00Z
Women
Brain Drain
Gender
Migration
South Africa
47
72
Geography
Published as a book chapter in: <em>Destinations Unknown: Skilled Migration in Southern Africa</em>. David A. McDonald and Jonathan Crush. (Eds.).<br>
The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/">WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/62
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1068
2010-03-13T01:49:42Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Searching for a Common Agenda: Ecofeminism and Environmental Justice
Dodson, Belinda
Book Chapter
2002-01-01T08:00:00Z
Ecofeminism
Environmental Justice
81
108
Geography
Published as a book chapter in: <em>Environmental Justice in South Africa</em>. David A. McDonald. (Ed.).<br>
The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/">WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/64
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1067
2010-03-13T01:47:01Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Shades of Xenophobia: In-migrants and Immigrants in Mizamoyethu, Cape Town
Dodson, Belinda
Oelofse, Catherine G.
Book Chapter
2002-01-01T08:00:00Z
124
148
Geography
Published as a book chapter in: <em>Transnationalism and New African Immigration to South Africa</em>. J. S. Crush and David A. McDonald. (Eds.).<br>
The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/">WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/63
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1069
2010-03-13T02:55:47Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Dismantling Dystopia: New Cultural Geography for a New South Africa
Dodson, Belinda
Book Chapter
2000-01-01T08:00:00Z
cultural geography
South Africa
138
157
Geography
Published as a book chapter in: <em>The Geography of South Africa in a Changing World</em>. Roddy Fox and Kate Rowntree. (Eds.).<br>
The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/" >Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/" >WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the book.<br>
Dr. Belinda Dodson is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/65
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1070
2010-03-13T02:56:46Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Women on the Move: Gender and Cross-border Migration to South Africa from Lesotho, Mozampbique and Zimbabwe
Dodson, Belinda
Book Chapter
2000-01-01T08:00:00Z
Women
Gender
cross-border migration
South Africa
119
150
Geography
Published as a book chapter in: <em>On Borders: Perspectives on International Migration in Southern Africa</em>. David A. McDonald. (Ed.).<br>
The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/" >Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/" >WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the book.<br>
Dr. Belinda Dodson is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/66
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1072
2010-03-13T02:10:34Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
A Soil Conservation Safari: Hugh Bennett's 1944 Visit to South Africa
Dodson, Belinda
Article
2005-02-01T08:00:00Z
soil conservation
South Africa
Hugh Bennett
Soil Conservation Act
racial segregation
Environment and History
35
54
Geography
Hugh Bennett, then Chief of the United States Soil Conservation Service, paid a two-month official visit to South Africa in 1944. His visit threw into relief many of the country's social and political cleavages, not least the administrative division between the Department of Agriculture, responsible for soil conservation on white-owned farms, and the Department of Native Affairs, responsible for soil conservation in so-called 'native areas'. The latter were paid scant attention in the itinerary, and Bennett himself appeared reluctant to acknowledge how any national soil conservation effort would be compromised by the racially segregated socio-political context in which it occurred.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/68
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1071
2010-03-13T02:02:57Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Another Lost Decade: The Failures of South Africa's Post-Apartheid Migration Policy
Crush, Jonathan
Dodson, Belinda
Article
2007-09-01T07:00:00Z
Immigration
South Africa
policy analysis
labour
gender
rights
Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie
436
454
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2007.00413.x
Geography
Despite the political and social transformation set in motion by the collapse of apartheid and the advent of democracy in 1994, South Africa's migration policy remained mired in the past. The Aliens Control Act of 1991 continued to govern the country's policy until the passage of the Immigration Act of 2002. After amendment in 2004, the Act finally came into force in July 2005. This paper focuses on the implications for South Africa and the SADC region of persisting with a policy framework devised in the apartheid period. First, the mine migrant labour system has remained intact despite a prolonged economic crisis in the mining industry. Second, the national introspection of the first democratic government led to a major decline in legal migration and immigration to South Africa. Third, apartheid-era tactics of migration enforcement intensified through a process of 'violent othering'. Fourth, the old framework was sexist as well as racist, and while the new policy is gender neutral in language, it is not gender equal in effect. Finally, for a decade, South Africa successfully resisted SADC attempts to develop a regionally harmonised approach to cross-border migration. Recent changes in South African Government policy, particularly the new JIPSA initiative, suggest that the 'lost decade' may finally be over. However, without major policy transformation, the unseemly history of post-apartheid migration policy will continue.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/67
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1075
2010-03-13T02:42:29Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Discrimination by Default? Gender Concerns in South African Migration Policy
Dodson, Belinda
Article
2001-10-01T07:00:00Z
Emigration
immigration
Government policy
Sex discrimination
women
South Africa
Africa Today
73
90
Geography
This paper presents a gender analysis of the South African government's proposed new policy on international migration, identifying a number of areas of implicit gender discrimination. Such "discrimination by default" is of more than academic relevance, having important implications for national and regional development. Research undertaken by the Southern African Migration Project indicates a growing "feminization" of migration to South Africa from the Southern African region, as well as gender-specific motives and patterns of migration. If migration is to be effectively managed, such realities must be taken into account. The paper concludes by advocating a development-centered, "house- hold strategies" approach, both in understanding international migration to South Africa and in the further development and implementation of legislation.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/72
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1076
2010-03-13T02:46:45Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Are We Having Fun Yet? Leisure and Consumption in the Post-apartheid City
Dodson, Belinda
Article
2000-11-01T08:00:00Z
Leisure
consumption
South Africa
post?apartheid
theoretical review
research agenda
Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie
412
425
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9663.00127
Geography
Recent international literature across a range of disciplines describes how leisure and consumption have become major forces in contemporary society. Such developments have social, economic and geographical implications. At a time when these global changes are combining with dramatic local transformation, there is an urgent need for South African scholars to engage with international debates on leisure and consumption. The end of apartheid has allowed people to avail themselves of leisure and consumption opportunities from which they were previously excluded, yet the shift from public‐ to private‐sector provision is imposing new geographies of deprivation and exclusion. The situation is further complicated by the country's increasing incorporation into global patterns of consumption. This paper seeks to initiate debate and set out an agenda for research on the role of leisure and consumption in shaping South African society and geography.
Dr. Belinda Dodson is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/73
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1073
2010-03-13T02:19:56Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
A Report on Gender Discrimination in South Africa's 2002 Immigration Act: Masculinizing the Migrant
Dodson, Belinda
Crush, Jonthan
Article
2004-01-01T08:00:00Z
South Africa
immigration policy
labour migration
skilled migration
gender
Feminist Review
96
119
http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400158
Geography
Changes in immigration policy and legislation have the power to shape and alter the gendering of migration in significant ways, and can have a dramatic effect on the lives and relationships of the men, women and families involved. In this paper, we examine the provisions of the new Immigration Act introduced in South Africa in 2002. The Act, which replaces the outdated Aliens Control Act of 1991, gives considerable cause for concern on gender grounds. Foremost, the Act entrenches a system of male-dominated regional labour migration that has its origins in the 19th-century discovery of gold and diamonds. The male bias in the work permit and other employment-based categories along with the limits to family reunification for those entering for work are likely in effect to discriminate against women to a greater extent than men. While similar gender concerns are common to most immigration policy regimes around the world, the particular circumstances of the South African case, where both skilled and unskilled migration streams are heavily male-dominated, makes them especially acute here. This paper contextualizes migration regimes in South Africa and examines in detail the likely implications of the new Immigration Act.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/69
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1074
2010-03-13T02:25:38Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Above Politics? Soil Conservation in 1940s South Africa
Dodson, Belinda
Article
2004-01-01T08:00:00Z
soil conservation
South Africa
South African Historical Journal
49
64
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582470409464794
Geography
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/70
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1077
2010-03-13T02:54:20Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Porous Borders: Gender and Migration in Southern Africa
Dodson, Belinda
Article
2000-01-01T08:00:00Z
Gender
Migration
Southern Africa
South African Geographical Journal
40
46
Geography
This article is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/" >Advanced Search</a> to check whether the journal in which this article was published is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/" >WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the journal.<br>
Dr. Belinda Dodson is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/74
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1078
2010-03-13T03:02:47Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Shades of Xenophobia: In-Migrants and Immigrants in Mizamoyethu, Cape Town
Dodson, Belinda
Oelofse, Catherine
Article
2000-01-01T08:00:00Z
Xenophobia
In-Migrants
Immigrants
Cape Town
Canadian Journal of African Studies
125
148
Geography
L'hostilité des relations entre Africains du sud et immigrants africains est un fait ironique de la période post-apartheid. Mizamoyethu, établissement informel dans le quartier de Hout Bay, au Cap, n'est qu'un des nombreux centres à avoir connu la violence entre les "indigènes" et les "étrangers." Après avoir souligné l'histoire, la géographie et la démographie de Mizamoyethu, ainsi qu'un compte-rendu du conflit, cet article identifie et explique les forces qui divisent la communauté. Le facteur le plus important s'est révélé être la concurrence pour les emplois, particulièrement dans l'industrie de la pêche locale. Dans le contexte d'une grande pauvreté matérielle et d'un chômage aux proportions inquiétantes, cette concurrence a alimenté la xénophobie et la violence qui en découlent. Les structures du conflit persisteront tant que ne changeront pas les circonstances matérielles, et toute tentative de résoudre le conflit restera, au mieux, un palliatif.
Dr. Belinda Dodson is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/75
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1079
2010-03-13T03:06:35Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Risk, Adventure and Accomplishment: My Conversation with the "Last" Trementinaire
Folch Serra, Mireya
Book Chapter
2007-01-01T08:00:00Z
25
32
Geography
Published as a book chapter in: <em>Trementina: una metafora</em>. Joan Descarga and Alex Nogué. (Eds.).<br>
The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/">WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/76
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1080
2010-03-13T03:09:15Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Landscape as Visual Metaphor: Culture and Identity in the Postmodern Nation
Folch Serra, Mireya
Book Chapter
2007-01-01T08:00:00Z
139
162
Geography
Published as a book chapter in: <em>La Construccion Social del Paisaje</em>.<br>
The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/">WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/77
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1081
2010-03-13T03:11:51Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
The Manifold Geographies of Terrorism
Folch Serra, Mireya
Book Chapter
2006-01-01T08:00:00Z
147
172
Geography
Published as a book chapter in: <em>Las otras geografías</em>. Juan Nogué i Font and Juan Romero González. (Eds.).<br>
The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/">WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/78
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1083
2010-03-13T03:21:02Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Linking Repression and Exile: A Geography of the Spanish Republican Diaspora, 1939-1975
Folch Serra, Mireya
Article
2006-01-01T08:00:00Z
Treballs de la Societat Catalana de Geografia
41
63
Geography
This article is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/" >Advanced Search</a> to check whether the journal in which this article was published is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/" >WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the journal.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/80
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1082
2010-03-13T03:15:07Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Civil Society, Media, and Globalization in Catalonia
Folch Serra, Mireya
Nogue Font, Joan
Book Chapter
2001-01-01T08:00:00Z
Civil Society
Media
Globalization
Catalonia
155
178
Geography
Published as a book chapter in: <em>Minority Nationalism and the Changing International Order</em>. Michael Keating and John McGarry. (Eds.).<br>
The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/">WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/79
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1084
2010-03-13T03:24:22Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
The Symbolic Construction of Catalonia's Landscape through Time and Distance
Folch Serra, Mireya
Article
2006-01-01T08:00:00Z
Nexus
72
79
Geography
This article is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/" >Advanced Search</a> to check whether the journal in which this article was published is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/" >WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the journal.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/81
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1085
2010-03-13T03:29:45Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
The Geopolitics of Identity: Popular Literature, Censorship, and the Spanish Media
Folch Serra, Mireya
Article
2002-04-01T08:00:00Z
Geopolitics
Identity
Popular Literature
Censorship
Spanish Media
Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research
177
193
http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S1532706XID0202_05
Geography
National identity and manufactured unity have paved the way to the modern phenomenon of the nation-state, which emerged around the French Revolution in the late 18th century. The nation-state sought to unite the people by means of homogenization, creating a "common culture, symbols, values, reviving traditions and myths of origin, and sometimes inventing them" (Guibernau, 2000, p. 989). Ethnic division had no place or explanation in this product of the Enlightenment. Yet, despite the high minded aim of nation builders, ethnic and cultural differences did not disappear over-night. Indeed, they have been noted and written about by reporters and political observers alike. Their vision of these differences challenges the status quo in many ways, and most likely has altered the manner in which national unity is perceived in-side and outside national borders.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/82
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1086
2010-03-13T03:33:42Z
publication:geography
publication:geographypub
publication:faculties
Geopolitics, Globalization and Self-determination
Folch Serra, Mireya
Article
2000-01-01T08:00:00Z
Transversal
44
49
Geography
This article is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/" >Advanced Search</a> to check whether the journal in which this article was published is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/" >WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the journal.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/83
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1088
2020-04-17T14:13:08Z
publication:geography
publication:brescia
publication:affiliates
publication:faculties
publication:healpub
publication:healthstudies
publication:otpub
publication:bresciafoodnutritionalsciences
publication:foodpub
publication:geographypub
publication:healthstudiespub
publication:institutes
publication:ot
The Influence of the Physical Environment and Sociodemographic Characteristics on Children's Mode of Travel to and from School
Larsen, Kristian
Gilliland, Jason
Hess, Peter
Tucker, Patricia
Irwin, Jennifer
He, Meizi
Article
2009-03-01T08:00:00Z
Environment
Sociodemographic Characteristics
children
mode of travel
school
American Journal of Public Health
520
526
http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.135319
Geography
Public Health
<p>Objectives: We examined whether certain characteristics of the social and physical environment influence a child's mode of travel between home and school.</p>
<p>Methods: Students aged 11 to 13 years from 21 schools throughout London, Ontario, answered questions from a travel behavior survey. A geographic information system linked survey responses for 614 students who lived within 1 mile of school to data on social and physical characteristics of environments around the home and school. Logistic regression analysis was used to test the influence of environmental factors on mode of travel (motorized vs "active") to and from school.</p>
<p>Results: Over 62% of students walked or biked to school, and 72% from school to home. The likelihood of walking or biking to school was positively associated with shorter trips, male gender, higher land use mix, and presence of street trees. Active travel from school to home was also associated with lower residential densities and lower neighborhood incomes.</p>
<p>Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that active travel is associated with environmental characteristics and suggest that school planners should consider these factors when siting schools in order to promote increased physical activity among students.</p>
<p>Also available open access in <em>American Journal of Public Health</em> at: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.135319">http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.135319</a></p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/90
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1089
2010-03-15T00:44:59Z
publication:geography
publication:brescia
publication:affiliates
publication:faculties
publication:healpub
publication:otpub
publication:healthstudies
publication:bresciafoodnutritionalsciences
publication:foodpub
publication:geographypub
publication:healthstudiespub
publication:institutes
publication:ot
Environmental Influences on Physical Activity Levels in Youth
Tucker, Patricia
Irwin, Jennifer D.
Gilliland, Jason
He, Meizi
Larsen, Kristian
Hess, Paul
Article
2009-03-01T08:00:00Z
Physical activity
Built environment
Adolescents
Parks
GIS
Neighborhood
Health & Place
357
363
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.07.001
Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition
Geography
Public Health
This study assessed the amount of physical activity engaged in by youth aged 11–13, in relation to: (1) the presence of neighborhood recreational opportunities, objectively measured within a geographic information system; and (2) parents’ perceptions of recreation opportunities in their neighborhoods. Students in grade 7 and 8 (n=811) in 21 elementary schools throughout London, Ontario completed the adapted Previous Day Physical Activity Recall and a questionnaire assessing environmental influences in the home and school neighborhoods. Parents/guardians of participants also completed a questionnaire eliciting demographic information and perceptions of the neighborhood environment. On average, students engaged in 159.9 min/day of physical activity. Both subjective and objective measures of recreational opportunities were associated positively with physical activity (p<0.05). Greater access to recreational opportunities seem essential to facilitate youths’ healthy levels of physical activity.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/91
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1087
2010-03-13T22:32:38Z
publication:geography
publication:faculties
publication:geographypub
Visions and Revisions of House and Home: A Half-Century of Change in Montreal's ‘Cité-jardin’
Gilliland, Jason
Book Chapter
2000-01-01T08:00:00Z
Montreal
housing
139
174
Geography
Published as a book chapter in: <em>(Re)development at the Urban Edges: Reflections on the Canadian Experience</em>. Heather Nicol and Greg Halseth. (Eds.).<br>
The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/" >Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/" >WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the book.<br>
Dr. Jason Gilliland is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/84
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1090
2020-04-21T13:25:00Z
publication:geography
publication:brescia
publication:affiliates
publication:faculties
publication:healpub
publication:otpub
publication:healthstudies
publication:bresciafoodnutritionalsciences
publication:foodpub
publication:geographypub
publication:healthstudiespub
publication:institutes
publication:ot
Adolescents' Perspectives of Home, School and Neighborhood Environmental Influences on Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviors
Tucker, Patricia
Irwin, Jennifer D.
Gilliland, Jason
He, Meizi
Article
2008-01-01T08:00:00Z
Physical activity
Eating habits
Youth
Environmental influences
Children, Youth and Environments
12
35
Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition
Geography
Public Health
<p>This investigation sought to gain an understanding of how youth perceive neighborhood environmental influences on their physical activity and eating behaviors. This qualitative study targeted a heterogeneous sample of 12- to 14- year-olds in London, Ontario, Canada. Using a semi-structured interview guide, we conducted nine focus groups (n = 60) and used inductive content analysis to investigate their discussions. Most participants discussed their school, parks, and opportunity structures around their homes as influencing their physical activity, and overwhelmingly reported the availability of fast-food restaurants, convenience stores, and slow-food restaurants in their neighborhoods as influencing their eating practices. The descriptive information collected through this study is potentially significant for the efforts of city planners, policy makers, health professionals, school officials, and parents to promote and support healthier youth behaviors.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/92
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1092
2010-03-15T01:07:21Z
publication:geography
publication:faculties
publication:healpub
publication:otpub
publication:healthstudies
publication:geographypub
publication:healthstudiespub
publication:institutes
publication:ot
The Effect of Season and Weather on Physical Activity: A Systematic Review
Tucker, Patricia
Gilliland, Jason
Article
2007-12-01T08:00:00Z
Physical activity
Weather
Season
Systematic review
Public Health
909
922
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2007.04.009
Geography
Public Health
Objectives: This study reviewed previous studies to explore the effect of season, and consequently weather, on levels of physical activity.
Study design and methods: Thirty-seven primary studies (published 1980–2006) representing a total of 291 883 participants (140 482 male and 152 085 female) from eight different countries are described, and the effect of season on moderate levels of physical activity is considered.
Results: Upon review of the evidence, it appears that levels of physical activity vary with seasonality, and the ensuing effect of poor or extreme weather has been identified as a barrier to participation in physical activity among various populations. Therefore, previous studies that did not recognize the effect of weather and season on physical activity may, in fact, be poor representations of this behaviour.
Conclusions: Future physical activity interventions should consider how weather promotes or hinders such behaviour. Providing indoor opportunities during the cold and wet months may foster regular physical activity behaviours year round.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/93
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1093
2020-04-20T16:37:59Z
publication:geography
publication:faculties
publication:healpub
publication:otpub
publication:healthstudies
publication:geographypub
publication:healthstudiespub
publication:institutes
publication:ot
Splashpads, Swings, and Shade: Parents' Preferences for Neighbourhood Parks
Tucker, Patricia
Gilliland, Jason
Irwin, Jennifer D.
Article
2007-05-01T07:00:00Z
Children
youth
Parents
parenting
Obesity
Research methodology
Qualitative research
Psychology
Postal codes
Interviews
Geographic information systems
Data collection
Adults
Canadian Journal of Public Health
198
202
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03403712
Geography
<h3>Background</h3>
<p>Physical activity is a modifiable behavior that can help curtail the increasing worldwide problem of childhood obesity. Appropriate recreational opportunities, including neighborhood parks, are particularly important for promoting physical activity among children. Because children's use of parks is mainly under the influence of their parents, understanding parents' preferences is essential for creating the most inviting and usable park space to facilitate children's physical activity.</p>
<h3>Methods</h3>
<p>Eighty-two intercept interviews were conducted with a heterogeneous sample of parents / guardians watching their children at neighborhood parks in London, Ontario. Parents / guardians were asked questions about how often they frequent the park, whether it is the closest to their residence, and their likes / dislikes for the park. Strategies to ensure trustworthiness of the data were employed.</p>
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>Interviewees attended their park of choice between 1–7 times per week with the average being 2.5 times per week. Only 49% of respondents frequented the park closest to their starting destination (home or daycare facility), and the majority traveled more than 4 km to get to the park. For those who chose to travel a significant distance to attend their park of choice, park location was not as important as the amenities they desired. Parents' main reasons for choosing parks were: water attractions, shade, swings, and cleanliness.</p>
<h3>Conclusions</h3>
<p>The current study provides useful insights on park use with potentially important implications for increasing physical activity among children. Incorporating parents' preferences into strategies for creating or modifying city parks will help to ensure that limited public resources are being targeted most effectively in support of children's physical activity.</p>
<p>Also available open access in at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03403712">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03403712</a></p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/109
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1094
2020-04-20T15:49:37Z
publication:geography
publication:faculties
publication:healpub
publication:otpub
publication:healthstudies
publication:geographypub
publication:healthstudiespub
publication:institutes
publication:ot
Environmental Equity Is Child's Play: Mapping Public Provision of Recreation Opportunities in Urban Neighbourhoods
Gilliland, Jason
Holmes, Martin
Irwin, Jennifer D.
Tucker, Patricia
Article
2006-10-01T07:00:00Z
Children
Geographic information systems
Neighbourhood
Physical activity
Recreation
Socioeconomic status
Youth
Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies
256
268
https://doi.org/10.1080/17450120600914522
Geography
Public Health
<p>This paper examines the spatial distribution of recreational opportunities for children and youth in a mid-sized Canadian city (London, Ontario), in relation to the socioeconomic status of neighbourhoods and estimated local need for publicly provided recreation spaces. Public recreation facilities (<em>N</em> = 537) throughout the city were identified, mapped and analysed in a geographic information system. To explore potential socio-environmental inequities, neighbourhoods (<em>N</em> = 22) were characterized by socioeconomic and environmental variables, an index of neighbourhood social distress, a neighbourhood play space needs index, and measures of the prevalence and density of recreational opportunities. The results of the spatial analysis indicate there is no systematic socioenvironmental inequity with respect to the prevalence and density of publicly provided neighbourhood recreation spaces; however, there are several areas in the city where youth do not have access to formal play spaces. We argue that to promote physical activity among urban children and youth, city planners and health policy analysts should consider carefully the geographical distribution of existing recreational opportunities and ensure that new publicly funded recreation spaces are provided to neighbourhoods with the greatest need. Further research should seek to identify what kinds of recreation spaces are most effective for promoting healthy behaviours among vulnerable children and youth.</p>
<p>Also available open access in at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17450120600914522">https://doi.org/10.1080/17450120600914522</a></p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/85
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1095
2010-03-19T00:24:01Z
publication:geography
publication:faculties
publication:healpub
publication:geographypub
publication:institutes
Video Lottery Terminal Access and Gambling Among High School Students in Montréal
Wilson, Dana Helene
Gilliland, Jason
Ross, Nancy A.
Derevensky, Jeffrey
Gupta, Rina
Article
2006-05-01T07:00:00Z
Secondary school students
Behavior
Gaming machines
Studies
Costs
Gambling industry
Risk factors
Economic conditions
Public health
Schools
Drug use
Research
Children
youth
Canadian Journal of Public Health
202
206
Geography
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/110
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1097
2020-04-20T16:10:16Z
publication:geography
publication:faculties
publication:healpub
publication:geographypub
publication:institutes
Mapping Urban Morphology: A Classification Scheme for Interpreting Contributions to the Study of Urban Form
Gauthier, Pierre
Gilliland, Jason
Article
2006-01-01T08:00:00Z
Urban Morphology
41
50
Geography
<p>Urban morphology is a thriving field of enquiry involving researchers from a wide diversity of disciplinary, linguistic and cultural backgrounds. While this diversity has helped advance our understanding of the complexity of urban form, confusion and controversy has also arisen over the various theoretical formulations forwarded by researchers from different philosophical and epistemological backgrounds. With the aim of improving intelligibility in the field, this paper proposes a straightforward scheme to identify, classify and interpret, or ‘map’, individual contributions to the study of urban form according to their respective theoretical or epistemological perspectives. Drawing upon epistemological discussions familiar to the readers of this journal, the authors first distinguish between cognitive and normative studies. A second distinction is made between internalist studies that consider urban form as a relatively independent system, and externalist studies in which urban form stands as a passive product of various external determinants. Using these basic criteria, it is possible to interpret and synthesize a multitude of contributions and map them using a simple Cartesian grid. The paper highlights how contributions from seemingly different theoretical approaches to urban morphology are intrinsically similar in their treatment of urban form as an object of enquiry.</p>
<p>Also available open access in Urban Morphology at: <a href="http://www.urbanform.org/online_unlimited/pdf2006/2006101_41-50.pdf">http://www.urbanform.org/online_unlimited/pdf2006/2006101_41-50.pdf</a></p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/111
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1096
2020-04-20T16:05:04Z
publication:geography
publication:faculties
publication:healpub
publication:geographypub
publication:institutes
The Study of Urban Form in Canada
Gilliland, Jason
Gauthier, Pierre
Article
2006-01-01T08:00:00Z
urban form
urban morphology
geography
architecture
planning
Canada
Urban Morphology
51
66
Geography
<p>This paper examines contributions to the study of urban form in Canada by French and English researchers working in a variety of disciplines, especially architecture, planning, geography, and history. Instead of discussing contributions purely along traditional linguistic or disciplinary lines, the authors use a novel classification scheme to identify and categorize significant works according to their particular epistemological perspective, before describing noteworthy contributions of various academic disciplines by key authors and research themes. The most significant contributions to the study of urban form in Canada have come from two largely isolated camps: first, architects/planners, mostly from Québec, who examine form as a relatively independent system and work in the tradition of the so-called ‘Italian school’ of process typology; and secondly, predominantly anglophone urban and historical geographers who deal with built forms and urban morphogenesis as a product of external forces. Recent work suggests that the ‘two solitudes’ may be coming together.</p>
<p>Also available open access in <em>Urban Morphology </em>at: <a href="http://www.urbanform.org/online_unlimited/pdf2006/2006101_51-66.pdf">http://www.urbanform.org/online_unlimited/pdf2006/2006101_51-66.pdf</a></p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/86
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1099
2020-04-20T15:35:16Z
publication:geography
publication:faculties
publication:healpub
publication:geographypub
publication:institutes
Opportunities for Video Lottery Terminal Gambling in Montréal: An Environmental Analysis
Gilliland, Jason A.
Ross, Nancy A.
Article
2005-01-01T08:00:00Z
Online gambling
Video
Lotteries
Geographic information systems
Socioeconomic factors
Canadian Journal of Public Health
55
59
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03404019
Geography
<p>Background: In the province of Québec, video lottery terminal (VLT) gambling has proliferated under government control since 1 993. The aims of this study were to describe the spatial distribution of video lottery terminals (VLTs) in the municipalities of Montréal and Laval and to identify neighbourhood socio-economic conditions associated with their distribution.</p>
<p>Method: Locations of all establishments holding VLT licences in Montréal and Laval (n=834) were geocoded by their street address. Boroughs (n=49) were characterized by socio-economic indicators (unemployment, educational attainment, lone parenthood), a neighbourhood distress index, and measures of VLT prevalence, VLT adoption and VLT density.</p>
<p>Results: VLT prevalence, adoption and density were strongly correlated (p</p>
<p>Conclusions: The spatial distribution of VLTs in Montréal and Laval closely reflects local geographies of socio-economic disadvantage. Any public health effort to reduce the burden of gambling-related health and social problems must recognize the spatial distortion of gambling opportunities in the urban environment.</p>
<p>Also available open access in <em>Canadian Journal of Public Health</em> at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03404019">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03404019</a></p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/87
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1100
2020-04-20T15:25:49Z
publication:geography
publication:faculties
publication:healpub
publication:geographypub
publication:institutes
Muddy Shore to Modern Port: Redimensioning the Montréal Waterfront Time-space
Gilliland, Jason
Article
2004-12-01T08:00:00Z
Montreal
Waterfront
Time-space
Port
Canadian Geographer
448
472
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0008-3658.2004.00071.x
Geography
<p>For Montréal in the nineteenth century, as for most port cities, the waterfront served as the primary interface between the city and the markets of the world. This paper examines how and why the primitive waterfront of Montréal as of 1830 was repeatedly adapted and transformed into a modern port district by 1914. Beyond a detailed examination of the set of physical changes on the waterfront, this paper draws theoretical insights from geographical interpretations of the rhythm of capital accumulation to explore the formative and adaptive processes underlying waterfront redevelopment. Global innovations in transport and cargo-handling technology are recognised as the preconditions for the periodic redimensioning of the port of Montréal, and it is established that these changes were driven by the perennial demands of local investors to accelerate circulation and thus reduce the turnover time of capital. This paper offers a new perspective on waterfront development by conceptualising the entire port as a comprehensive circulatory system and then exploring the redevelopment of various components in relation to others. The findings indicate that massive increases in traffic—the number and size of ships—through the port were correlated with the redimensioning of all of the connected components of the circulatory system; that is, the major arteries such as the St Lawrence River ship channel, as well as the smaller capillaries like finger piers.</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/94
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1101
2010-03-19T23:48:31Z
publication:geography
publication:faculties
publication:healpub
publication:geographypub
publication:institutes
It’s about Time: Exploring the Fourth Dimension in the Morphology of Urban Disasters
Gilliland, Jason
Article
2003-01-01T08:00:00Z
Urban Morphology
110
112
Geography
This article is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/" >Advanced Search</a> to check whether the journal in which this article was published is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/" >WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the journal.<br>
Dr. Jason Gilliland is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/112
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1103
2020-04-20T14:13:12Z
publication:geography
publication:faculties
publication:healpub
publication:geographypub
publication:institutes
Society and Space in the Industrial City: Introduction
Gilliland, Jason
Article
2002-10-01T07:00:00Z
Society
Space
Industrial City
Urban History Review / Revue d'Histoire Urbaine
3
4
https://doi.org/10.7202/1015878ar
Geography
<p>Dr. Jason Gilliland is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.</p>
<p>Special issue on 19th Century Montreal</p>
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/88
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1104
2010-03-17T07:29:50Z
publication:geography
publication:faculties
publication:geographypub
The Rise and Fall of Specialized Small Business Investment: Taking the Taxi to Oblivion
Green, Milford B.
McNaughton, Rob B.
Book Chapter
2007-01-01T08:00:00Z
289
308
Geography
Published as a book chapter in: <em>Handbook of Research on Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship</em>. Léo-Paul Dana. (Ed.).<br>
The book is not available online here. If you are affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, please use the Shared Library Catalogue's <a href="http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca/">Advanced Search</a> to check whether the book is available in Western Libraries.<br>
If you are not affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, search <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/">WorldCat</a> to find out where you can get access to the book.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/95
oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:geographypub-1102
2010-03-19T23:42:45Z
publication:geography
publication:faculties
publication:healpub
publication:geographypub
publication:institutes
The Creative Destruction of Montreal: Street Widenings and Urban (Re)Development in the Nineteenth Century
Gilliland, Jason
Article
2002-10-01T07:00:00Z
Urban History Review
37
51
Geography
Rapid industrialization of North American cities during the nineteenth century was associated with periodic innovations in transportation and massive increases in traffic, which, in turn, caused perennial problems of congestion in ill-adapted urban cores. During the latter half of the nineteenth century, the municipal government of Montreal expropriated and destroyed thousands of properties to widen dozens of existing streets. This paper argues that the key to these acts of "creative destruction" was the removal of barriers to circulation through a periodic redimensioning of the "urban vascular system," and hence, a speed up in the rate of urban growth. A detailed investigation of the planning and execution of major street widening projects between 1862 and 1900 reveals how the built environment of Montreal was periodically destroyed and recreated by a local growth coalition committed to increasing aggregate rents, property values, and municipal revenues, through the intensification of land use. Examination o f a sample of properties before and after street widenings suggests that redevelopment was most intense during economic boom periods and in central areas, when and where competition for space was most extreme, and there existed the greatest pressure to remodel the built landscape to fit the needs of a changed economic environment.
Dr. Jason Gilliland is currently a faculty member at The University of Western Ontario.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/geographypub/113
839682/qualified-dublin-core/100//